The$Geography$of$Africa$

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Penelope Dorsey
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The$Geography$of$Africa$ Africaisthesecond/largestcon2nentonEarthwithatotallandareaof around11.7millionsquaremiles.todayitspopula2onisaround1.1 billionpeople,oraround15%ofthetotalpopula2onoftheearth.

Africahastradi2onallybeendividedintofivedifferentregionsbased ontheirgeographicalloca2ons. NORTH$AFRICA$ NorthAfricaismadeupofthena2onsofAlgeria, Egypt,Libya,,Morocco,Sudan,Tunisia,and WesternSahara.

the Saharaismadeupofareasofsandandrocky outcropswhichhavebeenerodedover thousandsofyearsbythewindandoccasional rains.

Thewatersprovidedby thenileallowforthegrowingofmanydifferent cropssuchascoron,wheat,olives,figs,dates, andcitrusfruits.

1 The$Geography$of$Africa$ Africaisthesecond/largestcon2nentonEarthwithatotallandareaof around11.7millionsquaremiles.todayitspopula2onisaround1.1 billionpeople,oraround15%ofthetotalpopula2onoftheearth. AfricaisborderedbytheMediterraneanSeaandEuropetothenorth, theatlan2coceantothewest,andtheindianoceantotheeast. Africahastradi2onallybeendividedintofivedifferentregionsbased ontheirgeographicalloca2ons. NORTH$AFRICA$ NorthAfricaismadeupofthena2onsofAlgeria, Egypt,Libya,,Morocco,Sudan,Tunisia,and WesternSahara.Severalsmallareasandislands arealsocontrolledbythena2onofspain.the regionisdominatedbythehugesaharadesert whichwascreatedaround6,000yearsago followingachangeintheearth sclimate.the Saharaismadeupofareasofsandandrocky outcropswhichhavebeenerodedover thousandsofyearsbythewindandoccasional rains.tothenorthwestofthesaharaarethe AtlasMountainswhiletothenortheastliesthe NileValleyandDelta.Thewatersprovidedby thenileallowforthegrowingofmanydifferent cropssuchascoron,wheat,olives,figs,dates, andcitrusfruits.inrecentyearslargedeposits ofnaturalgasandoilhavebeenfoundinegypt, Libya,Tunisia,andAlgeria. WEST$AFRICA$ WestAfricaismadeupofeighteendifferent na2ons:benin,burkinafaso,capeverde, Gambia,Ghana,Guinea,Guinea/Bissau,Ivory Coast,Liberia,Mali,Mauritania,Niger,Nigeria, Senegal,SierraLeone,SaoTomeandPrincipe, andtogo.thenorthernpartofthewestafrica iscoveredbythesahelregion,anareaofsemi/ aridlandwhichbordersthesaharadesert. BelowtheSahelisabeltofopengrassland knownasthesavanna.alongthecoastthere wereoncelargeareasoftropicalforests, howeverloggingandclearingforfarminghas meantthatover90%ofthesehavebeenlost overthepast100years. Severallargeriversystems theniger,senegal, Gambia,Volta,andBenue providewater, transporta2on,andfoodtothepeopleofwest Africa.Farmersheregrowlargeamountsof peanuts,sorghum,rice,cassava,coffee,and cacaowhileraisingherdsofsheep,goats,and carle.forthousandsofyears,westafricahas beenanimportantsourceofgoldandsalt resourceswhichmadeseveralkingdoms fabulouslywealthy.duringthe1940sand1950s newresourcesofgasandoilwerediscoveredin Nigeriaandoffthecoastsofseveralother na2ons. CENTRAL$AFRICA$ CentralAfricaismadeupthena2onsofAngola, Burundi,Cameroon,theCentralAfrican Republic,Chad,theDemocra2cRepublicof Congo,EquatorialGuinea,Gabon,theRepublic ofcongo,andrwanda.theregionisdominated bythecongoriverbasin asystemof waterwayssecondonlytotheamazonriverof SouthAmericainitsflow.Thehotandhumid regionishometooneofthelargestrainforests intheworld,manypartsofwhichares2ll

unexplored.farmingintheregionisdifficult andonlyreallypossibleinsouthernareas.many peoplesurvivebyhun2ng,herding,andfishing.

Sinceprehistoric2mes,humanslivinginCentral Africahavehadtodealwithalargenumberof diseaseswhichthriveduetotheregion s climate.

EAST$AFRICA$ EastAfricaismadeupofthena2onsofDjibou2, Eritrea,Ethiopia,Kenya,Madagascar,Somalia, SouthSudan,Tanzania,andUganda.

rainfallfeeds severallargeriverswhichthenflowintoseveral largelakes includinglakevictoriaandlake Tanganyika.

eastafricaisalso famousforitslargegrasslands especiallythe Serenge2ofTanzaniaandKenya.Twoof Africa stallestmountains Mt.KenyaandMt. Kilimanjaro arealsofoundhere.

2 unexplored.farmingintheregionisdifficult andonlyreallypossibleinsouthernareas.many peoplesurvivebyhun2ng,herding,andfishing. Inrecentyears,manycountrieshavecometo relyonsellingoilandnaturalgaswhichcanbe foundnearthecoasts. Sinceprehistoric2mes,humanslivinginCentral Africahavehadtodealwithalargenumberof diseaseswhichthriveduetotheregion s climate.thesediseases,whichincludemalaria, yellowfever,andtyphoid,affectmillionsof peopleeachyearcausinginjuryandmany deaths.otherdiseasesalsoaffectandlimitthe numberofanimalswhichcanbekept. EAST$AFRICA$ EastAfricaismadeupofthena2onsofDjibou2, Eritrea,Ethiopia,Kenya,Madagascar,Somalia, SouthSudan,Tanzania,andUganda.The geographyoftheregionisaresultofthe movementofseverallargetectonicplateswhich havecreatedareasofmountainsandplateaus dividedbydeepridvalleys.rainfallfeeds severallargeriverswhichthenflowintoseveral largelakes includinglakevictoriaandlake Tanganyika.TheWhiteNileflowsnorthfrom theselakeswhereitjoinswiththebluenile whichformsinthehighlandsofethiopia. Togetherthesewatersthencon2nuenorth throughthesudanandegyptbeforeemptying intothemediterranean.eastafricaisalso famousforitslargegrasslands especiallythe Serenge2ofTanzaniaandKenya.Twoof Africa stallestmountains Mt.KenyaandMt. Kilimanjaro arealsofoundhere. TheclimateofEastAfricamakesfarmingeasier herethaninmanyotherpartsofafrica.crops likemaize,wheat,rice,beans,millet,potatoes, bananas,sugar,andcassavaarethemost commonlygrown.severalpeoples,most famouslythemaasaiofkenya,raiselargeherds ofcarle.indrierareas,especiallyinthehornof Africa,peopleraiseherdsofsmalleranimalslike sheepandgoats. SOUTHERN$AFRICA$ SouthernAfricaismadeupofthena2onsof Botswana,Lesotho,Mozambique,Namibia, SouthAfrica,Swaziland,Zambia,andZimbabwe. Theregionhasaveryvariedlandscapewith areasofhigherlandintheinteriorwhichthen turnintoareasofrollinghillsandflatplainsnear thecoasts.severallargedesertsexistin SouthernAfrica,includingtheKalahariandthe Namib.Asyoumovesouth,thesedesertsgive waytoscrublandandgrasslandswhichare knownastheveld.inwererareasthereare alsowoodlandsknownasmiomboforest howevermanyoftheoriginaltreeshavebeen cutdowntomakewayforfarms.severallarge rivers thezambezi,limpopo,andorange providewaterforpeopleandfarmers however theirflowsdependgreatlyonseasonalrains whichsome2mesfailcausingdroughts. FarmersinSouthernAfricacangrowlargecropsofmaize,wheat, sugarcane,sunflowers,andtobacco.thena2onofsouthafricaisalso famousforitsmanyvineyardswhichproducegrapesforea2ngand winemaking.farmersalsoraiseherdsofsheepandcarle.duringthe 19 th and20 th centuriesthena2onsofsouthernafricaproducedlarge amountsofcopper,gold,pla2num,uranium,iron,anddiamonds.

3 AFRICAN$GEOGRAPHY$ $PROJECT$INSTRUCTIONS$ TASK CreateapostershowingthegeographiesofthemajorregionsofAfrica. On$the$map$make$sure$to$show$the$following$items:$ 1 Theloca2onsofAfrica smajordeserts,mountainranges,rivers,andlakes. 2 TheareaoftheGreatRidValleyandSahel. 3 ThemajorbodiesofwatersurroundingtheAfricancon2nent. On$the$poster$create$short$summaries$and$use$images$to$show:$ 1 Someofthemajorgeographicfeaturesofeachregion. 2 Thecropswhicharegrownineachregion. 3 Thenaturalresourceswhichcanbefoundineachregion. CreaKng$Maps$ 1 Makesuretofinishyourlabelinginpencilbeforegoingoveritinpen.Thatwayyoucancheckforanyspelling mistakesormakeyourlabelsneater. 2 Becarefulwhenyoushadeinthemapthatyoudon tmakeitdifficulttoseeyourlabels.trytouselightcolorsor shadeswhichmatchthetypesoflandscape.

4 Congo$ Basin$ Kalahari$ Desert$ 16 Namib$Desert$ Spain$ Strait%of% Gibraltar% Canary$Is.$ Ahaggar$ Mountains$ Libyan$$ Desert$ S$$a$$h$$e$$l$$$$R$$e$$g$$I$$o$$n$ ATLANTIC% OCEAN% Gulf%of%Guinea% Mt.$Cameroon$ African$Rivers$&$Lakes$ 01 NileDelta 02 NileRiver 03 RiverNiger 04 SenegalNiger 05 GambiaRiver 06 BlueNile Bie$ Plateau$ 07 WhiteNile 08 BenueRiver 09 VoltaRiver 10 CongoRiver 11 LakeVictoria 12 LakeTanganyika 13 LakeNyasa 14 ZambeziRiver 15 LimpopoRiver 16 OrangeRiver Cape%of%Good% Hope% 01 Western$ Desert$ Arabian$ Peninsula$ 02 Nubian$$ Desert$ 06 Ethiopian$ Highlands$ INDIAN% OCEAN% Matopo$ Hills$ 15 Mozambique% Channel% 07 Horn$of$$ Africa$ Mt.$ Kilimanjaro$

11 Place%Map%Here%

12 Place%Map%Here%

13 AFRICAN Place%Map%Here%

14 GEOGRAPHY Place%Map%Here%

15 NORTH$AFRICA$ $ IMAGE$SHEETS$

16 SandDunesintheSaharaDesert RockOutcropsintheSaharaDesert AtlasMountains AtlasMountains RiverNile FieldsbytheRiverNile NileDeltafromSpace CoRonPlants Wheat

17 Olives Figs Dates Oranges Lemons Limes OilFacilityinLibya OilRig NaturalGasFlame

18 WEST$AFRICA$ $ IMAGE$SHEETS$

19 WestAfricafromSpace TheSahelRegion SahelWoodlandDuringtheRainySeason TreesintheSavanna WestAfricanSavanna NigerRiver WestAfricanRainforest NigerRiver FishermenontheSenegalRiver

20 GambiaRiver VillageontheVoltaRiver BenueRiver Sorghum Peanuts RicePlants Cassava CoffeePlant CacaoPlant

21 GoatFarmersinMali CaRleHerdinWestAfrica BlocksofSaltforSale GoldBraceletfromGhana NigerianOilField

22 CENTRAL$AFRICA$ $IMAGE$SHEETS$

23 CongoRiver MarshlandintheCongoBasin CongoRiverandRainforest Deforesta2on FishingontheCongoRiver GoatHerdingintheCongo FishingPonds OilDrillingPlakorm Mosquito

24 EAST$AFRICA$ $ IMAGE$SHEETS$

25 RidValley TheRidValley LakeVictoria FishingonLakeTanganyika EthiopianHighlands EthiopianHighlands EarlyFlowoftheWhiteNile FallsontheBlueNile WildebeestontheSerenge2

26 GiraffeontheSerenge2 RiverontheSerenge2 MountKilimanjaro GlacieronKilimanjaro MountKenya MountKenya FarminginUganda Maize Wheat

27 RiceFieldinBurundi Millet Potatoes BananaFarming Sugarcane SugarcaneFields Cassava MaasaiCaRleHerding GoatHerding

28 SOUTHERN$ AFRICA$ $IMAGE$ SHEETS$

29 KalahariDesert PlateauLands SouthAfricanHills NamibDesertontheAtlan2cCoast SouthAfricanVeld MiomboForest ZambeziRiver VictoriaFalls LimpopoRiver

30 OrangeRiver Maize Wheat Sugarcane Sunflowers TobaccoPlants GrapeProduc2on SheepFarminginSouthAfrica CaRleandSheepFarming

31 ZambianCopperMine GoldOre GoldMinersinSouthAfricainthe1900s GoldBars DiamondBearingRock CutDiamonds DiamondMininginSouthAfrica UraniumOre IronOre

32 AFRICAN$NATIONS$ $PROJECT$INSTRUCTIONS$ TASK Createapresenta2onabouttheAfricanna2onwhoseflagyouhavebeengiven. In$your$presentaKon$make$sure$to$include$informaKon$and$images$about:$ $ 1 Theloca2onofyourna2onanditsmajorci2es. 2 Thecurrentsizeandpopula2on. 3 Theheadofstateofyourna2on. 4 Whatmajorresourcesyourna2onhas. 5 Whatcropsaregrowninyourna2on. 6 Whatdifferenttypesofterrain/geographiescanbefoundinyourna2on. 7 Whatdifferentreligionsarefollowedinyourna2on. 8 Thena2on sflag. CreaKng$a$PresentaKon$ $Hints$ 1 Don twritetoomuchonanyoneslide.thegoalistocreateshort,sharpsummariesratherthanincludehuge amountsofinforma2on. 2 Trytoincludeamixofimagesizes.Somecanbelargeandtakeupawholeslidewhileonotherslidesyoucan includeaselec2onofsmallerimages. 3 Usebasicfontswhichwillmakeiteasiertoseetheinforma2on.Avoidusingfancyfontsoranima2onswhichwill actuallydistracttheviewer.youcan,however,usethingslikebold,underlining,ordifferentcolorstohighlightkey informa2on.

35 Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Burundi Cameroon CapeVerde CentralAfricanRepublic

36 Chad Comoros Congo Democra2cRepublicofCongo Djibou2 Egypt EquatorialGuinea Eritrea Ethiopia

37 Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea/Bisau IvoryCoast Kenya Lesotho Liberia

38 Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauri2us Morocco Mozambique Namibia

39 Niger Nigeria Rwanda SaoTome&Principe Senegal Seychelles SierraLeone Somalia SouthAfrica

40 SouthSudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

42 Across 5.LargeriversysteminCentralAfrica. 6.LargedesertinnorthernAfrica. 7.OceantotheeastofAfrica. 9.RiverinsouthernAfrica. 10.Na2oninNorthAfrica. 11.ImportantnaturalresourceinWestAfrica. 12.LargeislandofftheeastcoastofAfrica. 14.LargelakeinEastAfrica. 16.RiverflowingthroughEastandNorthAfrica. 17.SeatothenorthofAfrica. 19.DeadlydiseasefoundinCentralAfrica. 22.OceantothewestofAfrica. 23.HighestmountaininAfrica. 24.Semi/aridregionneartheSahara. 25.CropgrowninNorthAfrica. 26.Na2oninsouthernAfrica. Down 1.Na2oninEastAfrica. 2.ImportantcropinWestAfrica. 3.DesertinsouthernAfrica. 4.ImportantcropinEastAfrica. 8.Na2oninWestAfrica. 11.Opengrassland. 13.Na2onwithoilreserves. 15.LargeriverinWestAfrica. 17.FamouscaRleherdingtribe. 18.ImportantresourceofSouthAfrica. 20.MountainsinnorthernAfrica. 21.Na2oninCentralAfrica. 24.LargegrasslandinKenya.

African$Wildlife$ Africaishometothousandsofdifferentspeciesofanimals,insects, andplants manyofwhicharefoundnowhereelseontheplanet.

manyafricanna2onshavesetasideareasoflandas naturereservesandencouragetouriststovisitasawaytoraisemoney andawareness.

these smallmammalsaremostlynocturnal andsurvivebyea2ngantsandtermites odendestroyingtheirhillsusingtheir sharpclawsandpowerfullegs.

antelope survivebyfeedingongrassesaswellas shrubsandleaves.manygatherinlarge herdsforprotec2onfrompredators. Severallargespeciesofbeetleslivein Africa.

africa sgrasslands arehometodung$beetles,whocan moveupto2502mestheirweightin animaldungeverynightwhichtheyuse forfood.

The$African$Buffaloisfoundinpartsof western,central,eastern,andsouthern Africawheretherearereliablesources ofwater.

theyarevery dangerous,killingaround200people eachyear. Around4,000differentspeciesof buuerfliesliveinthetropicalforestsof AfricaandontheislandofMadagascar.

45 African$Wildlife$ Africaishometothousandsofdifferentspeciesofanimals,insects, andplants manyofwhicharefoundnowhereelseontheplanet. Todaymanyoftheseanimalsareendangeredeitherbecauseof hun2ngorbecausetheirhabitatsarethreatenedbypeopleorthe changingclimate.manyafricanna2onshavesetasideareasoflandas naturereservesandencouragetouriststovisitasawaytoraisemoney andawareness. Aardvarkarefoundthroughoutthe southerntwo/thirdsofafrica.these smallmammalsaremostlynocturnal andsurvivebyea2ngantsandtermites odendestroyingtheirhillsusingtheir sharpclawsandpowerfullegs.the aardvarkalsodigsburrowsforitsown home. Africahasover90differentspeciesof antelope manyofwhichliveonthe savannasofeastafrica.antelope survivebyfeedingongrassesaswellas shrubsandleaves.manygatherinlarge herdsforprotec2onfrompredators. Severallargespeciesofbeetleslivein Africa.Goliath$Beetles$arethelargest beetlesonearth growingtolengthsof almost10inches.africa sgrasslands arehometodung$beetles,whocan moveupto2502mestheirweightin animaldungeverynightwhichtheyuse forfood.inancientegyptanothertype ofbeetle,thescarab,wasusedasa sacredsymbolandcouldbefoundin jewelryandcarvedontemplewalls. The$African$Buffaloisfoundinpartsof western,central,eastern,andsouthern Africawheretherearereliablesources ofwater.theselargecreaturescan weighupto2,200poundsandhave largehornsforprotec2on.most buffaloliveinsmallerherdsandfeedon plantsandgrasses.theyarevery dangerous,killingaround200people eachyear. Around4,000differentspeciesof buuerfliesliveinthetropicalforestsof AfricaandontheislandofMadagascar. ManyofthesebuRerflieshavebright andvividparernsontheirwingsto botharractmatesandalsowarnoffor foolpoten2alpredators. CamelscanbefoundthroughoutNorth AfricaandtheMiddleEast.Originally wild,theyweretamedbyhumans around5,000yearsago.camelscan storelargeamountsofwaterandhave specialeyesandnoseswhichmeanthat theyonlylosesmallamountsof moisturewhilebreathing.theirfeet arealsoverygoodformovingacross sand.forthesereasons,camelsares2ll usedfortransportindeserts. CheetahusedtolivealloverAfricabut cannowbefoundonlyinsmallareasof thesouthandeast.theyarenotedfor theirabilitytosprintatupto75mphin ordertocatchpreylikeantelopesand gazelle.

Chimpanzeesarefoundintheforestsof westandcentralafrica.theylivein largesocialgroupsdominatedbyafew leadingmalesandfemales.

Crocodilescanbefoundlivinginthe riversandlakesofnorthandcentral Africa.

theymostlysurviveonfish butalsoambushherdsofanimals, especiallywildebeest,whichneedto crossriversduringtheirmigra2ons.

Theyarethelargestlandmammalson Earthatupto4meterstalland weigh2ngasmuchas13,000pounds.

theirdietismostly madeupofleavesandotherplantswith someelephantsea2ngalmost1,000 poundsoffoodaday.

Todaygiraffescanbemostlyfoundin easternandsouthernafrica.theyare notedfortheirlongnecksandskin parerns.

Hippopotamusaresemiaqua2c animals,livingmostlyinrivers,lakes, andswamps.

todayhipposcanonly befoundinafewisolatedpartsof western,eastern,andsouthernafrica.

46 Chimpanzeesarefoundintheforestsof westandcentralafrica.theylivein largesocialgroupsdominatedbyafew leadingmalesandfemales.chimps survivebyea2ngadietofplants, honey,andinsects.theyarealso some2mesknowntohunteachother. Crocodilescanbefoundlivinginthe riversandlakesofnorthandcentral Africa.Nilecrocodilescangrowtoup to6meterslongandover2,400pounds inweight.theymostlysurviveonfish butalsoambushherdsofanimals, especiallywildebeest,whichneedto crossriversduringtheirmigra2ons. Elephants$canbefoundineverypartof AfricaapartfromtheSahararegion. Theyarethelargestlandmammalson Earthatupto4meterstalland weigh2ngasmuchas13,000pounds. Elephantsliveinsmallfamilyunitsled byolderfemales.theirdietismostly madeupofleavesandotherplantswith someelephantsea2ngalmost1,000 poundsoffoodaday.elephantsare s2llanendangeredspeciesastheyhave beenhuntedfortheirivorytusks. Todaygiraffescanbemostlyfoundin easternandsouthernafrica.theyare notedfortheirlongnecksandskin parerns.giraffesliveinsmallherds andsurviveonadietofleaves,fruits, andflowers.malesfightfordominance byusingtheirnecksasweapons. Hippopotamusaresemiaqua2c animals,livingmostlyinrivers,lakes, andswamps.duringtheday2me, hipposstaycoolinthewaterorby coveringthemselveswithmud.onlyat duskdotheycomeoutofthewaterto feedongrasses.todayhipposcanonly befoundinafewisolatedpartsof western,eastern,andsouthernafrica. HyenasarefoundthroughoutAfrica wheretheysurvivebybothhun2ngand scavenginganimals mostlyatnight.in manytradi2onalafricansocie2es hyenasareassociatedwithdarkforces andwitchcrad odenblamedfor robbinggraves,stealinganimals,and abduc2ngchildren. Jackalslivethroughoutwestern, eastern,andsouthernafrica.these wilddogssurvivebyhun2ngsmaller animals,birds,andrep2les.jackalsare mostlyac2veatdawnanddusk sleepingformostoftheday.theyare veryterritorial,markingtheirterritories andchasingoffintruders. Jerboaaresmalldesertrodentswhich livethroughoutthesahara.theyare notedforthelonglegswhichallow themtohopathighspeeds.theyalso havelargeearswhichhelpthemto detectpredators,especiallyowls. Duringtheday,jerboalive underground,comingoutatnightto huntbeetlesandotherinsects.

Lemursarefoundonlyontheislandof Madagascar.Theyrangeinweights fromjustafewouncestoweighing15 to20pounds.

lemursarevery social,livinginlargefamilygroups spendingmanyhoursgroomingeach other. Today,leopardscanbefoundliving throughoutsub/saharanafrica.

in Africa,theyliveinbothgrasslandsand woodlands hun2ngpreyduringthe twilighthours especiallysmallgazelle.

theycan befoundthroughoutsub/saharan Africawheretheyliveinsmallgroups calledprides.femalelionsdomostof thehun2ng,mostlyatnightand twilight.

forthousandsofyears,lions havebeenasymbolofpowerand strength,odenshownonna2onalflags orsymbols.theywerealsokeptin royalzoos.

These insectscanhoporflyhugedistances, consuminghugeareasofplantsand crops.in2004and2005,locustswarms inwestafricadestroyedover$2.

theyliveinlarge groupscalled mobs withbetween30 and50members.meerkatseatdietsof insectsandsmallrep2lesaswellas plants.

47 Lemursarefoundonlyontheislandof Madagascar.Theyrangeinweights fromjustafewouncestoweighing15 to20pounds.lemursarenocturnal, communica2ngatnightwithsounds andsmells.smallerlemurseatadietof fruitsandinsectswhilelargeronesalso eatleavesandseeds.lemursarevery social,livinginlargefamilygroups spendingmanyhoursgroomingeach other. Today,leopardscanbefoundliving throughoutsub/saharanafrica.they canweighupto200poundsandare famousfortheirsporedcoats.in Africa,theyliveinbothgrasslandsand woodlands hun2ngpreyduringthe twilighthours especiallysmallgazelle. Leopardswillodenstorefood,dragging itintocavesorevenuptrees,tobe eatenlater. Lionsarealargespeciesofwildcats, weighingupto550pounds.theycan befoundthroughoutsub/saharan Africawheretheyliveinsmallgroups calledprides.femalelionsdomostof thehun2ng,mostlyatnightand twilight.however,lionsalsogainlarge amountsoffoodbyscavenging.male lionsareeasilyrecognizedbytheirlong manes.forthousandsofyears,lions havebeenasymbolofpowerand strength,odenshownonna2onalflags orsymbols.theywerealsokeptin royalzoos. Forthousandsofyears,Africanfarmers havehadtodealwithlargeswarmsof locusts some2mescontainingover 100billionindividualcreatures.These insectscanhoporflyhugedistances, consuminghugeareasofplantsand crops.in2004and2005,locustswarms inwestafricadestroyedover$2.5 billiondollarsworthofcrops. Meerkatsaresmallmembersofthe mongoosefamilylivingindesertregions ofsouthernafrica.theyliveinlarge groupscalled mobs withbetween30 and50members.meerkatseatdietsof insectsandsmallrep2lesaswellas plants.theyareimmunetomanytypes ofvenom,allowingthemtocatch spiders,snakes,andscorpions. Meerkatsareverysocialwithone memberofagroupac2ngasalookout whileothershunt,groomeachother, andplay. Mountain$gorillas$arefoundinheavily forestedpartsofeasternandcentral Africa.Thesecreaturesarehighly endangeredwithlessthan1,000 survivinginthewild.malegorillascan weighupto500poundsandbeas muchas2meterstall.theyeatadiet mostlymadeupofleavesandinsects. Gorillasarehighlysocial,spendinglarge amountsof2megroomingandplaying witheachother.theyarealsousually verygentleandshy,onlyrarelyshowing aggressionwhenthreatened.

Ostrichesarethelargestlivingspecies ofbirdsonearth.theycanweighupto 320poundsandstandashighasnine feet.today,ostrichescanbefound livinginnorthern,eastern,and southernafrica.

during wintermonths,ostrichestendtolive alongbutinma2ngseasontheycan congregateingroupsofasmanyas50 individuals. Pangolinarefoundthroughoutsub/ SaharanAfrica.

theycan alsospraytheirenemieswithafoul/ smellingliquid.pangolinarenocturnal, livingonadietofinsects especially antsandtermites.

rhinosliveonadietof plantsandareusuallyfoundinsmall groups.

Scorpionscanbefoundliving throughoutafrica.theyarenotedfor theirs2ngerswhichcontainvenoms which,whileharmlesstomostpeople, areabletoparalyzeorkillother creatures.

Termitespeciesliveinalmostevery partofafrica.insavannaareasthese insectsarefamousforbuildinghuge colonieswhichmaycontainhundredsof millionsofmembers.

48 Ostrichesarethelargestlivingspecies ofbirdsonearth.theycanweighupto 320poundsandstandashighasnine feet.today,ostrichescanbefound livinginnorthern,eastern,and southernafrica.theyarenotedfor theirabilitytorunat30mphforlong distances.theirdietismostlymadeup ofgrasses,seeds,andinsects.during wintermonths,ostrichestendtolive alongbutinma2ngseasontheycan congregateingroupsofasmanyas50 individuals. Pangolinarefoundthroughoutsub/ SaharanAfrica.Theseunusual creatureshaveahardprotec2velayer ofscalesprotec2ngtheirskin.when threatened,theycanrollthemselves intoa2ghtballforprotec2on.theycan alsospraytheirenemieswithafoul/ smellingliquid.pangolinarenocturnal, livingonadietofinsects especially antsandtermites. Today,Rhinosarefoundlivinginsmall partsofeasternandsouthernafrica. Thesecreaturescanweighupto4,000 poundsandhavethickprotec2vearmor aswellashorns.rhinosliveonadietof plantsandareusuallyfoundinsmall groups.duringthe19 th and20 th centuries,rhinoswerealmostwiped outaspeoplehuntedthemfortheir hornswhichwereusedtomake tradi2onalmedicines.todaytheremay beonlyaround5,000wildrhinoled. Scorpionscanbefoundliving throughoutafrica.theyarenotedfor theirs2ngerswhichcontainvenoms which,whileharmlesstomostpeople, areabletoparalyzeorkillother creatures.theirhardexoskeletons protectthemfromotherpredatorsand thesun.however,asthescorpion growsitsome2mesneedstoshedthis exoskeleton leavingitmore vulnerable. Termitespeciesliveinalmostevery partofafrica.insavannaareasthese insectsarefamousforbuildinghuge colonieswhichmaycontainhundredsof millionsofmembers.thesecanbe seenabovegroupaslargemounds whichcanbeupto6metershigh. Termitesareodendividedintogroups ofworkers,soldiers,andreproducers. PerhapsthedeadliestcreatureinAfrica isthetsetse$fly$whichlivesinareas betweenthesaharaandkalahari deserts.theseflieslivebyfeedingon thebloodofanimalsandhumans. However,whentheybiteapersonthey alsospreaddisease especiallysleeping sicknesswhichcanbadlyaffectpeople andtheirlivestock.manydifficul2es whichna2onshavewithpovertyand sicknessareblamedonthetsetsefly. ManydifferentaRemptshavebeen madetotrytocontrolthetsetsefly popula2onbutnoneasbeenfully successful.

Vulturescanbefoundlivingthroughout Africa.Theselargebirdsare scavengers,livingoffthebodiesofdead animalsonafrica slargeplains.

Warthogsareatypeofwildpigwhich canbefoundinpartsofwestern, eastern,central,andsouthernafrica.

Femaleandyoungwarthogslivein familygroupscalledsounderswhich maleslivealone.

Wildebeastarefamousformigra2ngin hugeherds,some2meswithseveral thousandmembers.theyeatadietof mostlygrasses,leaves,andshoots.

thesehorse/like animalsarefamousfortheirblackand whitestripes.zebrasaresocialanimals, livinginlargegroupsforcompanyand protec2on.

AFRICAN$WILDLIFE$PROJECT$ Createapostershowing10different Africananimalsfromthereadingsheets.

49 Vulturescanbefoundlivingthroughout Africa.Theselargebirdsare scavengers,livingoffthebodiesofdead animalsonafrica slargeplains. Vultureshavespecialacidsintheir stomachswhichallowthemtodigest meatthathasgonerorenorwhichis infectedwithdeadlybacteria. Warthogsareatypeofwildpigwhich canbefoundinpartsofwestern, eastern,central,andsouthernafrica. Mostwarthogsliveonsavannalandand eatamixtureofgrasses,fruits,insects, andeggs.theyarealsoabletouse theirsnoutsandfeettodigoutroots. Femaleandyoungwarthogslivein familygroupscalledsounderswhich maleslivealone. Wildebeast,alsoknownasgnus,livein partsofeastandsouthernafrica. Wildebeastarefamousformigra2ngin hugeherds,some2meswithseveral thousandmembers.theyeatadietof mostlygrasses,leaves,andshoots. Manypredatoranimals,especiallylions andcrocodiles,relyonwildebeastasa majorfoodsource. Zebracanbefoundineasternand southernafrica.thesehorse/like animalsarefamousfortheirblackand whitestripes.zebrasaresocialanimals, livinginlargegroupsforcompanyand protec2on.theirdietconsistsmostlyof grasses,shrubs,andleaves. AFRICAN$WILDLIFE$PROJECT$ Createapostershowing10different Africananimalsfromthereadingsheets. Makesuretoincludeimagesand informa2onabout: 1 WhichpartorpartsofAfricatheycanbefoundin. 2 Whateachanimalsurviveson. 3 Howeachanimallives. 4 WhatdefensestheanimalhasagainstaRack. HINTS$ Trytoselectavarietyofanimals/insectstoshow. MakesuretoincludeeachpartofAfrica(North,West, Central,East,andSouthern). Youcanusethemaptolabelthedifferentareasin whichanimalslive.youcanalsousesymbolsorcolors toshowareasinwhichanimalslive. You$can$use$the$informaKon$on$the$reading$sheets$but$ you$can$also$find$more$informakon$online.$

52 Across 3.Wildpigs. 7.WildAfricandogs. 8.Forestdwellinganimals. 10.Dangerousflies. 11.Typeoflargebeetle. 12.Animalwhichodentargetsantsandtermites. 15.Largecatspecies. 16.Creaturesna2vetoMadagascar. 18.Ambushpredatorswhichliveinwater. 20.Animalswhichliveinmobs. 21.Animalsusedfordeserttransport. 24.Creatureswhichcandamagecrops. 25.Largeherdinganimals. 26.Largewater/lovingmammals. 27.Armoredcreatures. 28.Animalsnotedfortheirlongnecks. Down 1.Insectsnotedfortheirlargemounds. 2.Largemountain/dwellingcreatures. 4.Stripedhorse/likecreatures. 5.Fastcat. 6.Largeflightlessbirds. 7.Smallrodentswhichliveinthedesert. 9.Scavengeranimals. 12.Grazingcreaturesonthesavanna. 13.Scavengingbirds. 14.Largehornedanimal. 16.Largecatsnotedfortheirtreeclimbingability. 17.Animalshuntedfortheirhorns. 19.Beetlewhichsurvivesonanimalwaste. 22.LargestlandmammalsonEarth. 23.Venomouscreatures.

Table A.LPG1 : TOTAL LPG CONSUMPTION (Best available Estimates)

Table A.LPG1 : TOTAL LPG CONSUMPTION (Best available Estimates) 1000 MT 1 Burkina Faso 0.509 0.587 0.615 0.606 0.435 0.429 0.691 1.057 1.385 1.698 2.156 2.432 2.888 2 Cape Verde 4.058 4.268 4.988 5.259