DEVELOPING MARINE ECOTOURISM IN PASIR PUTIH ISLAND, WEST SULAWESI : Is Utilizing Sandeq Sailboat would be Feasible?

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1 DEVELOPING MARINE ECOTOURISM IN PASIR PUTIH ISLAND, WEST SULAWESI : Is Utilizing Sandeq Sailboat would be Feasible? ABSTRACT Esther S. Manapa 1*, Marzuki Ukkas 1, Hans A. Pasak 2 1 Marine Science Departement of Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University 2 WWF, Papua-Indonesia The government of West Sulawesi has planned on sea conservation area covering the islands in Mandar Bay of Polewali Mandar Regency. One of the islands that has been declared as sea conservation area is the Pulau Pasir Putih. For the development of maritime ecotourism in the Pulau Pasir Putih we certainly need a transportation unit. The kind of transportation is not suppose to cause polution or damage to the ecosystem. The Sandeq boat, is the right choise for the developing ecotourism activity because, it has a good shape, economical, and represent as a local wisdom of Mandar ethnic community. The purposes of this research are: (1) to evaluate the suitability of coral and the species association for ecotourism activity, (2) to arrange strategy for development for ecotourism activity in Pulau Pasir Putih, (3) to arrange a scenario of ecotourism activity by utilizing the Sandeq boat as the transportation unit. The result of this research indicates that the coral area for the diving activity in Pulau Pasir Putih is categorized as on conditional appropriate to appropriate level for 45 person per day supporting capacity for diving area, while for snorkeling tour the area is quite appropriate for 90 person per day supporting capacity area. The result of financial analysis states that the Sandeq boat is suitable as the ecotourism transportation. The results of the SWOT matrix conclude that support marine ecotourism development strategy with the following strategies: (1) Establishing cooperation with local governments in maintaining the traditional Sandeq boat, (2) Increase promotion on the utilization of Sandeq boat, (3) Establishing the core zone as Regional Marine Conservation Area (KKLD), (4) Publishing travelling guidebooks. The analysis shows that the internal and external factors are strongly support the program with a strong and aggressive manner and having a positive opportunity. A scenario on commercially operated ecotourism was designed and financially analyzed for 5 years period of operation: (1) Net present value of Rp ,-, (2) Internal rate of return of 100,99 %, and B/C ratio range from 1.7 at the 3rd year to 3.7 at the 5th year. Those values showed that the project is financially feasible. Three alternatives routes of marine ecotourism were identified: (1) Ballanipa Village to Karamasang Island, (2) From Balanipa Village to Battoa Island, (3) From Tonyaman Village to Karamasang Island and Pasir Putih. Key words : Ecotourism, Sandeq boat, Pasir Putih Island, Polewali Mandar Regency, Swot Analysis, Financial Analysis. INTRODUCTION According to Tuwo (2011), Indonesia's vast coastal and marine areas contain potential natural resources, but have not been utilized optimally, so that it has not contributed significantly to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). If potential natural resource management is done well, it will result in an increase in the country's foreign exchange, the availability of new employment opportunities, the development of new ventures. In the world of tourism management can be done through education that can raise public awareness and tourists about the importance of conservation of natural resources. The education can be supported through the development of coastal and marine ecotourism. According to Garod and Wilson (2002), marine ecotourism is a type of marine-related tourism activity with the goal of observing coral reefs, reef fish, small marine animals (microfauna) by diving, snorkeling, and swimming. Polewali Mandar regency is one of the coastal area that has interesting natural resource potential to be developed for marine ecotourism activities. Administratively Polewali Mandar regency is under the government of West Sulawesi Province which has an area of 2, km2. with km long coastline and km2 of waters area (KKP Agency, 2011). The West Sulawesi Provincial Government in 2011, has planned marine conservation areas on the islands of 1

2 the islands. One of the islands that has become a marine conservation area is the island of Pasir Putih in Polewali Mandar Regency. The Study on Developing Marine Ecotourism in Pasir Putih Island was aimed to: (1) Assess the sustability of coral reef ecosystem and its associated biota for marine ecotourism activities, (2) Develop marine ecotourism strategy in the research area. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Pulau Pasir Putih is a group of islands located in Mandar Bay, Polewali Mandar Regency. Geographically the island of Pasir Putih is between '36.40 "South Latitude and '37.90" East Longitude, while the administrative islands of Pasir Putih adjacent to the North: Tangnga Island and mainland Polewali, South: Mandar Bay, West : Battoa Island and the island of Panampea East: Pinrang- Polewali Mandar shaft road, which can be seen in Figure 3. The research on marine ecotourism development in Pasir Putih Island Polewali Mandar Regency was conducted from July to December The search was conducted through a survey on Pasir Putih Island which is one of the maritime conservation areas in Polewali Mandar. The research location is located in Pasir Putih Island, Teluk Mandar, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi Province, as can be seen in Figure1. Figure 3 Map of the study site Figure 1 Map of research location Determination of the station was done with consideration of the results of initial observation in the field. The principle of determining the station was based on the available maps and information from local communities or fishermen who assist the points that are important for in-depth observation. The number of observation stations was determined by 3 stations and each station is divided into 2, based on its depth. The specified depth is limited to 3 and 7 meters depth as Fig. 4. Figure 4 Map of the ecological observation station Figure 2. Alternative map of transportation to Pasir Putih Island, Polewali Mandar Regency The tools used in this research were (1) Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine the coordinate position in the field and make tracking of shoreline, (2) basic diving tools such as; fins, snorkels, masks and scuba tools are used to assist coral reef ecosystems, (3) 2

3 secchi disks are used to measure the transparancy of the waters; (4) Current kites to determine the velocity of the water currents; (5). Depth meter is used to measure the depth of the water, (6) Anemometer to calculate wind velocity, (7) Compass to determine the direction of the wind, (8) Roll meter used as line transect in coral reef cover measurement, (9) Stopwatch to calculate the length of time (10) Cameras for taking pictures or as documentation, (11) Recording devices of mobile phones and the like to record interview results, and (12) Stationaries to record interviews and other supporting data. The materials used in this research were: (1) Underwater paper was used as data recording media during underwater data retrieval, (2) Literature related to research such as: book of reef fish species and coral life form, and (3) Questionnaires contain questions relating to the social, cultural and economic conditions of the communities surrounding the research area. Data collection technique Secondary data were obtained from related agencies such as Marine and Fisheries Office, BAPPEDA and Culture and Tourism Office of Polewali Mandar Regency. For data to be obtained include, district data in numbers, marine maps and data on the number of local and foreign tourists visit at tourist sites in Polewali Mandar Regency. Primary data were obtained by: (1) Determination of coral community condition, (2) Data collection of fish species conducted simultaneously with data collection of coral growth type. (3) Oceanographic data were collected by the team including the tides, depth of the water, transparancy water current velocity and the wind direction and velocity. (4) Data collection of marine ecotourism development strategy using interview and questionaires method using closed ended questions and open ended questions. Method of Analysis The analytical methods used in this research survey are: Line Intercept Transect (LIT) analysis method to identify coral growth form. The suitability of marine tourism for diving and snorkeling follows a matrix developed by Julianda (2007). The Strengths Weaknesses Oportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis method (Rangkuti, 2008) was used for determination of ecotoursim development strategy, with the utilization of sandeq boat in this area. Financial Analysis Method for the scenario of marine ecotoursim businies unit were applied (Githinger, 1986 and Suswasono, 2000). RESULT AND DISCUSSION Regarding Development of marine ecotourism in Pasir Putih Island, until now there is no specific regulation about management in the area. Pasir Putih Island has not yet been established as maritime tourism area, but it has been listed in Regional Regulation of Polewali Mandar Regency Number 8 Year 2014 on Master Plan of Tourism Development of Polewali Mandar Regency. Completion of questionnaires Pasir Putih Island about marine ecotourism development on Pulau Pasir by the related institutions showed a positive response and strongly agreed to make Polewali Mandar Regency as a tourist destination. They hope that this will also increase the income for local communities. Ecological and Oceans Grafic Parameter Parameter of marine tourism suitability can be divided into two groups namely, ecological parameters and oceanographic parameters. Ecological parameters include all survey activities undertaken on coral reef ecosystems, while oceanographic parameters including survey activities to obtain regional water conditions, Yulianda (2007). The results of the assessment of marine ecotourism supporting parameters on Pasir Putih Island can be seen in (Table 1) below: Table 1. Results of supporting parameters of marine tourism in Pulau Pasir Putih Result Scoring Depth Parameter Source Station Score Category I 6,20% 20,62% 1 1 Poor Poor Coral Reef (English etal., 1994) II 40,66% 24,80% 2 1 Less Good Poor Coverage (%) III 61,10% 42,70% 3 2 Good Less Good Lifeform of Coral Reef Coral reefs fishes (Yulianda, 2007) (Supriharyono, 2000) I Poor Good II Good Less Good III Good Good I Excellent Good II Excellent Less Good III Excellent Good 3

4 Current Velocity Number of Coral lifeform Coral reef Community Transparancy Depth (m) (Bahar, 2015) Water Transparancy (%) Current Velocity (meter/second) Area of coral coverage (Ha) (Yulianda, 2007) (Dahuri, 2004) (Yulianda, 2007) I 2,74 m 7,14 m 4 4 Excellent Excellent II 3,24 m 7,44 m 3 4 Good Excellent III 2,84 m 7,24 m 4 4 Excellent Excellent I 77% 44% 3 2 Good Excellent II 100% 47% 4 2 Excellent Excellent III 83% 51% 3 3 Excellent Good I II III IV ,0568 m/s 0,0463 m/s 0,0485 m/s 0,0625 m/s 2 Good Less Good 3 Good 3 Good 2 Less Good Good I 10,06 Ha - 3 Good II 9,22 Ha - 2 Less Good III 7,69 Ha - 2 Less Good Suitability of diving and snorkeling The determination of the area for the suitability of maritime tourism in the case of diving and snorkeling tours, based on ecological parameters in Table 1, covers the coral community condition, the number of coral growth types, the number of fish species, and for the snorkeling tour added by the width of the reef. In addition to ecological parameters, the role of oceanographic parameters in supporting the suitability of snorkeling and diving tourism is very important because it affects the comfort and security of a tourist activity, including oceanographic parameters such as water transparancies, current velocity, and depth. The eligibility category for dive tours can be seen in Table 2 and in Table 3. Table 2. Matrix of diving and snorkeling suitability in Pasir Putih Island Parameter Station % Weight Score Category Less Good Less Good Good WxS % 19,72 12,2 42,7 Weight Score Category Poor Por Less Good WxS Total Weight Score Category Good Less Good Good WxS Total Weight Score Category Good Less Good Good WxS

5 Depth Current Velocity m/s 0,0568 0,0463 0,0485 Weight Score Category Less Good Good Good WxS Meter 7,14 7,44 7,24 Weight Score Category Excellent Excellent Excellent WxS WxS Total IKW (%) 54,17 47,22 69,44 Category Sufficient Conditional Sufficient Sufficient Table 3. Area suitability classes for diving tourism activities % Excellent 50 - <80% Sufficient 20 - < 50% Conditionally sufficient <20% Unsufficient Parameters supporting the suitability of diving tourism is similar to snorkeling tourism parameters, except for the inclusion of wide coral reefs. As already discussed, the transparancy of the waters in Pasir Putih Island based on the observation conducted throught for oceanographic survey was found only ranging from 44% to 51% only. According to the matrix in Table 2. The transparancy conditions are categorized into two categories namely good category and less good category for diving tourism activities on Pasir Putih Island, due to sedimentation factor whichis high enough. Furthermore, coral reef cover are as important as water transparency. Cover of coral communities on the suitability of diving tourism ranged between 20.62% at station 1 and highest at station 3 with 42.70%. If based on the category then for coral community cover conditions included in the poor category, and less good to support diving activities. This is caused by the number of corals that have been damaged and covered by macro algae. The type and shape of coral growth in Pasir Putih island according to observations made at depth supporting diving activities, the lowest 5 species were found in station 2 and the highest was only 9 species at station 3. These results illustrate the number of coral growth types on the Island of Pasir Putih for diving tourism activities included in both categories and less good. Similar to coral growth type, coral reef fish parameter parameters of 221 fishes on all depth stations 7 meters on Pasir Putih island, with station 1 which has the highest type, 94 head, while the lowest at station 2 with the number of 38 tail only. Based on these results, the number of species of reef fish on the island of Pasir Putih included in two categories namely good and less good. The current velocity for diving tourism activities based on observation time reaches m / s and the lowest m / s. So the condition of the waters on the Island of Pasir Putih into the category of good and less well based on time and also the station. The last parameter that supports diving tourism is the depth of coral reefs. As has been found that the depth of coral reefs on the Island of Pasir Putih ranged from 7.14 m m. The depth is categorized as excellent in conducting diving tourism. From data parameters that have been obtained in the field and then incorporated into the matrix of the suitability of diving tourism to see the value of feasibility categories in doing diving tourism activities. From the parameter data that has been obtained in the field then incorporated into matrix suitability of snorkeling tour to see the value of feasibility category in doing snorkeling activity. The following can be seen in (Table 4) below: 5

6 Coral reef Coverage Depth Current Velosity Coral Reef fishes Amount of Coral Reef lifeform Coral reef Community coverage Transparancy Table 4. Matrix of snorkeling tourism suitability in Pasir Putih Island Parameter Station % Weight Score Category Less Good Excellent Good WxS % Weight Score Category Poor Poor Good WxS Total Weight Score Category Less Good Less Good Good WxS Total Weight Score Category Excellent Excellent Excellent WxS m/s Weight Score Category Less Good Good Good WxS Meter Weight Score Category Excellent Good Excellent WxS meter² Weight Score Category Good Less Good Less Good WxS WxS Total IKW (%) Category Sufficient Sufficient Sufficient Table 5. Area suitability classes for snorkeling activities % Excellent 50 - <80% Sulfficient 20 - < 50% Conditionally Sufficient <20% Insufficient 6

7 The matrix that can be seen in (Table 4) snorkeling activity has seven supporting parameters. The seven parameters are waters transparancies, coral community cover, coral growth, number of fish species, current velocity, depth, and width of coral reefs. The transparancy level in the waters of Pasir Putih Island based on the observation point taken for the oceanographic survey showed transparancies of 77% to 100%. According to the matrix on (Table 5) the condition of the water transparency is classified into three categories, namely the category of less good, good and very good category for diving tourism activities on the island of Pasir Putih. Community coral cover is also very important in doing snorkeling activities. Community coral cover at station 1 is only 6, 20% only and entered in bad category, then at station 2 of 40,66% enter into less good category and at station 3 equal to 61,10% and enter into good category. If we look at the percentage of coral community cover on all stations, at station 1 has the smallest coral community cover percentage, this is due to sedimentation and bombing factors, resulting in many coral reefs being destroyed and damaged. The type and shape of coral growth in Pasir Putih Island for snorkeling tourism activities found number of species on station 1 as many as 4 types, 2 stations as many as 7 types and on station 3 of 9 types. These results describe the number of types of coral growth form on the Pasir Putih Island for snorkeling tourism activities included in the category of less good and good categories for doing snorkeling activities. Parameter type of reef fish from the total number of existing reached 123 tails at all station 1, for station 2 got 105 tail and at station 3 only 91 tails only. Based on these results, the number of species of reef fish on Putih Island for snorkeling tourism activities into the category very well. The current velocity of Pasir Putih islands based on observation time reaches m / s and the lowest is 0,0463 m / s. So the condition of the waters on the island of Pasir Putih into the category of good and less well based on the time and location of the station. The depth of waters for coral reefs, as has been found that the depth of coral reefs on the island of Pasir Putih for snorkeling tourism activities ranged from 2.74 m m. The depth is categorized as good to excellent in doing snorkeling tours. The wide parameters of reefs are special parameters to support snorkeling activities. The extent of reefs is obtained from interpolated calculations by using Arcgis 10.2 by measuring the distance and extent of each station area on the minapolitan map or sea map which is then calculated using a geometric calculator in Arcgis For station 1, the coral reef area is 10,06 ha, station 2 coral reef area 9,21 ha and station 3 wide of coral reef 7.69 ha. Of all stations only stations into the category good for station 2 and 3 into the category less good to do snorkeling tours. Carrying Capacity After getting the appropriate area for the activities of snorkeling and diving, then the analysis carried out the carrying capacity of the region. Analysis of the carrying capacity of the area is intended to determine the maximum number of visitors that can be tolerated by the tourist area, so that the comfort and sustainability in the tourism activities are still awake. Counting the carrying capacity of the diving and snorkeling is not the same. Each requires different area. The area required for snorkeling activities is 500 m2 square for a tourist in three hours, while the area of diving activity is 2000 sq m for two tourists in two hours. In accordance with the results of overlapping of all parameters supporting the suitability of diving and snorkeling tours, obtained the appropriate area for diving and snorkeling activities. The appropriate area for diving is ha and the area suitable for snorkeling is 8.99 ha. The calculation of the area was obtained from the total number of live corals in all observation stations then divided according to the depth of 3 and 7 meters. Details calculation of carrying capacity of the area can be seen in (Table 6) as follows: Table 6. Carrying capacity of the area Island of Pasir Putih DKK Tourism Area (m²) Area (Ha) (Person/Day) Diving ,98 45 Person/Day Snorkeling ,99 90 Person/Day From the calculation result (Table 6) above, it is known that the area for the 179,810 m2 tourism activity can accommodate 45 people for eight hours in a day, while the area for snorkeling activity is m2 and can accommodate 90 people for six hours in a day. Pulau Pasir Putih has not been developed yet in its maritime tourism sector, but it has been stated in Regional Regulation of Polewali Mandar Regency Number 8 Year 2014 about Master Plan of Tourism Development of Polewali Mandar Regency. Completion of questionnaires about the response about marine ecotourism development on Pasir Putih island in the related offices received a positive response and 7

8 strongly agreed to make Polewali Mandar Regency as a tourist destination especially marine tourism sector. and will also increase income for local communities. The accumulation of internal and external strategic factors of marine eco-tourism development with the utilization of Sandeq Boat can be seen in Table 7 and Table 8. The internal strategy matrix shows the accumulated value of the strength component of 0.33 and the accumulated component of the weakness of The external strategy matrix shows the accumulated value of the probability component of 0.36 and the accumulated value of the threat component of The accumulated value of SWOT matrix analysis results, taking into account internal and external factors, shows that the development of marine ecotourism in Pulau Pasir Putih by utilizing Sandeq Boat for transportation is in the position of quadrant I with a value of 0.11 to Based on internal and external factors, the results are in quadrant I, ie the area between opportunity and strength that support aggressive strategy. This is a very good situation, where the strategy of marine ecotourism development on Pasir Putih island by utilizing Sandeq boat has the power so that it can exploit the opportunities that exist (Figure 6). In addition it can be seen that from various internal and external factors, the results are found in Quadrant I, which supports aggressive strategy. According Rangkuti (2008), this is a very good situation where the strategy of marine ecotourism development on the island of Pasir Putih by utilizing Sandeq boat has the power so as to take advantage of opportunities. Table 7. Internal strategic factors for the development of marine ecotourism No. Strengths Weight Rating WxR Accumulated Sandeq boat is a local boat of Mandar tribe that needs to be preserved because it has a unique shape. Sandeq boat has long been used as a transportation of goods and people between island The diversity of coral reefs in Pulau Pasir Putih is very varied. The existence of regional regulations governing the island of Pasir Putih which serve as a place to travel. 0,15 4 0,60 0,12 3 0,36 0,12 2 0,24 0,11 1 0,11 No Weaknesses Weight Rating BxR Accumulated 1 Pulau Pasir Putih is currently poorly maintained. 0,10 1 0,10 Lack of socialization between the local 2 government and the community about utilizing 0,10 2 0,20 Sandeq boats as transportation for travel purposes. 3 The absence of managers on the island of Pasir Putih. 0,10 3 0, The absence of fresh water supply on the island of Pasir Putih. The condition of coral reefs on the island of Pasir Putih many have been damaged. 0,10 3 0,30 0,10 2 0,20 0,33 0,22 Total (S+W) 1 2,41 0,11 Tabel 8. External strategic factors for developing most ecotourism No. Opportunities Weight Rating WxR Accumulated 1 Community and local government support the development of marine ecotourism based on local wisdom 0,15 4 0,60 2 Sandeq boat is famous to foreign countries. 0,12 3 0, Pulau Pasir Putih is an island used by DKP, as the island of supervision in Mandar bay. Pulau Pasir Putih is an island frequented by tourists. 0,12 2 0,24 0,12 2 0,24 0,36 8

9 Threaths Weight Rating WxR Accumulated 1 Most Sandeq boats are modified using a machine. 0,10 1 0,10 2 Sandeq boat production began to decrease. 0,10 2 0, The weather factor will greatly affect Sandeq boat operation Lack of tourist interest to enjoy the beauty of coral reefs. Currently Sandeq boat only in used as a boat in the race only. 0,10 1 0,10 0,09 2 0,20 0,09 3 0,30 The existence of other boats such as sea taxi which is widely used by tourists as a more modern transportation and comfortable to use. 0,10 2 0,20 Total (O+T) 1 2,34 0,18 Strategic alternatives are obtained based on verified data through the SWOT combination table, by linking each SWOT element to an alternative strategy, which refers to the ecological conditions of coral reefs, the 0,18 utilization of Sandeq Sail Boats and the perceptions of communities and governments. which can be seen in Table 9. These strategic measures need to be done before investments are made. Table 9. Alternative Strategies for the development of marine ecotourism in Pulau Pasir Putih Strategi (S-O) 1 Building cooperation between local governments and society to maintain local wisdom of Sandeq under development of marine ecotourism. 2 Increase Sandeq boat promotion as a new marine ecotourism transport facility based on local wisdom. 3 Establishment of core zones such as KKLD (Regions Marine Conservation Area) to maintain the diversity of coral reefs on the island of Pasir Putih. 4 Published guidebook on Pasir Putih Island so that tourists do not spoil the environment and natural. Strategi (W-O) 1 Improved supporting infrastructure on Pasir Putih Island like garbage bin and water reservoir bargaining with support from local government and society. 2 Establish the body of a regional government organization and communities to manage the Pasir Putih Island in the development of marine ecotourism. 3 Make the northern coral reef area as an area of utilization for rehabilitation Coral reefs. Strategis (S-T) 1 Maintaining Mandar tribal traditions within using Sandeq boat as a means traditional crossing transportation without undermined by the more modern times. 2 Improve the quality and quality of Sandeq boats as a new means of transportation in activities eco-tourism. 3 Cooperating with BMKG (Agency Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics) for determine the appropriate weather and season within make a cruise using Sandeq boat. Strategi (W-T) 1 Increase local government participation and communities in conserving the island of Pasir Putih along with its coral reef ecosystem. 2 Improve ecosystem rehabilitation activities coral reefs on the island of Pasir Putih. 3 Improve socialization to fishermen and society about preserving and preserving the wisdom of Mandar tribe is Sandeq boat. Based on answers to questionnaires and interview results to Sandeq Sail boat owners and builders, there are several eligibility criteria that can make Sandeq Table 10. Model and sizes of Sandeq Sail Boats Boats Sail as a means of marine ecotourism transport, along with the criteria of size and capacity of Sandeq Boat passengers (Table 10). Buat size No. Types of Sandeq Capacity Legnth Width Heigth of Mast 1 Racing Sandeq Sail Boat 7-9 meter 1-2 meter 3-7 meter 3 5 person 2 Passenger Sandeq Sail Boat 9-12 meter 2-5 meter 3-7 meter person 3 Fishing Sandeq Sail Boat 1-3 meter 1-2 meter 1-3 meter 1-2 person 9

10 Sandeq Sail Boat Criteria, which will be used as transportation for marine eco-tourism activities are Sandeq Sail Boats for transporting goods and people, as they have larger shapes and can accommodate 10 to 15 people compared to the other two Sandeq Boats. Table 11. The cost of renting a unit of a marine ecotourism package No Name Cost Unit Capacity Total 1 Sandeq Boat Rp orang Rp Scuba Rp orang Rp Basic tools Rp orang Rp Guide Rp orang Rp Oil Rp x Trip Rp For one tour package Rp The arrangement of scenarios of marine ecotourism business unit, ie the cost to be taken in a trip, the type of activities to be undertaken during the tour with Sandeq Boat can be seen in Table 6. According Suswarsono (2000), for the feasibility analysis of NPV values greater than zero indicates that the project is feasible to run or be realized. From the calculation results obtained NPV value of Rp 705,121,922, -, assuming the project's five-year life. The value shows the net benefit to be received over the next five years if measured by the present value. From the calculation results obtained the project IRR of % in five years. The value indicates that the project is feasible to run because it has a value greater than the assumption of prevailing bank interest rate of 7.5%. Net B / C Ratio in the first year of 0.1, then in the second year the value of B / C Ratio increased to 0.8 and in the third year until the fifth year the value of B / C Ratio increased again by 1.7, 2.7 and 3.7. The Net B / C Ratio> 1 value indicates that the business is feasible to run. The results of the analysis can be seen in Table 12 below. Table 12. The results of financial analysis analysis of the feasibility of marine ecotourism business with Sandeq boat utilization 10

11 CONCLUSION Based on the study of coral reef ecosystem sustabillity for marine tourism on Pasir Putih island, it can be concluded that the suitable location for diving tourism activities are at Station 1 and Station 3. The location suitable for snorkeling activity is found in Station 2, and Station 3. Further development needs to be done: (1). Building cooperation between local government and community to maintain local wisdom. (2). Establishment of core zones such as KKLD (Regional Marine Protected Area) to maintain coral reef diversity on Pasir Putih island, and (3) Publish tour guide book in Pasir Putih Island so that tourists do not damage environment and nature. Based on the results of financial analysis, Net Present Value of Rp.705,121,922, Internal Rate of Return of % in five years and the value of Net Benefit Cost Ratio in the third year has experienced a gain of 1.7, the scenario of marine ecotourism business unit is feasible to run. The accumulated value of SWOT analysis, the strategy of marine ecotourism development on Pasir Putih island of Polewali Mandar Regency by utilizing Sandeq sail boat is in the matrix of opportunity and strength, with development strategy (1). Building cooperation between local government and community to maintain local wisdom of Sandeq sail boat in marine ecotourism development, (2). Enhance publication of Sandeq sail boats as a means of transporting new marine ecotourism based on local wisdom. (3) Establishment of core zones such as Regional Marine Protected Areas to preserve the diversity of coral reefs on the Island of Pasir Putih, and (4). Publish travel guide book on Pasir Putih Island so that tourists do not damage environment and nature. Further research is needed to determine the technical feasibility of the boat. Sandeq Sail Boat in supporting the development and activities of marine ecotourism in Mandar Bay or in other territories. Dishidros TNI-AL Surat Edaran Data Wilayah NKRI No. SE/1241/IV Jakarta: Rapat Koordinasi, 21 Maret English SC. Wilkinson. Baker V Survey manual for tropical marine resources. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science Garrod, B & J. C. Wilson, Marine Ecotourism; Issues and Experience. Aspects Of Tourism 7. Channel View Publications, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England. Tuwo A Pengelolaan Ekowisata Pesisir dan Laut. Pendekatan Ekologi, Sosial-Ekonomi, Kelembagaan dan Sarana Wilayah. Brilian Internasional. Surabaya. Yulianda F Ekowisata Bahari sebagai Alternatif Pemanfaatan Sumber daya Pesisir Berbasis Konservasi. Makalah Disampaikan pada Seminar Sains 21 Februari Departemen MSP. FPIK. IPB. Bogor. 19 hal Supriharyono Pengelolaan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang. Djambatan Anggota IKAPI. Jakarta. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bahar A Pedoman Survei Laut. Buku Pedoman; Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. Penerbit Masagena Press. Dahuri RJ. Ginting SP dan Sitepu MJ Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Pesisir dan Lautan Secara Terpadu. Pradaya Paramita. Jakarta Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Sulawesi Barat, Identifikasi dan Penilaian Calon Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (KKLD). Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. 11