1. Study the Ordnance Survey Map of Brodick, Isle of Arran.

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1 1. Study the Ordnance Survey Map of Brodick, Isle of Arran. To find the map go to: > > change maps type to Ordnance Survey Map from Road. > search for Glenrosa Water (it is near Brodick, Isle of Arran) Glen Iorsa (9239) is an example of a U-shaped valley. Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of a U-shaped valley. (4) 2. Diagram 1: Some features of a Glaciated Upland (a) Explain the formation of a U-shaped valley. (4) You may use diagram(s) to illustrate your answer. The landscape shown in Diagram Q2 offers very little opportunity for human activities. Do you agree fully with this statement? (6) Give reasons for your answer.

2 3. Diagram 2: Selected Land Uses in Upland Areas Study Diagram 2 above. For an upland area you have studied: a) Choose one of the land uses shown in the diagram. Explain the economic and environmental impact of the land use. (6) b) What methods are used to reduce the environmental impact of your chosen land use? (4)

3 ANSWERS 1. 4 marks A fully annotated diagram may score full marks. If no diagrams mark out of 3. As the glacier moves down the valley (1) it deepens and widens the valley (1) by plucking and abrasion (1). Weight and erosive power of ice truncated interlocking spurs (1). Rocks under ice scraped soil and material from valley floor (1). Award a mark for plucking AND abrasion if each is explained in detail 2. 4 marks (a) A well-annotated diagram could gain full marks. U-shaped Valley. Credit detailed explanation of processes. During glaciations, a glacier may move out of its source area and move downhill along a pre-existing v-shaped valley (1); plucking and abrasion will take place along the sides and floor of the valley (1); the sides of the valley above the ice may be affected by frost shattering (1); the result will be to make the valley deeper, wider and steeper-sided (1); (interlocking) spurs will be eroded and become truncated (1); making the valley straighter (1). 6 marks Accept Yes/No answers. If Yes : The high rainfall is associated with lots of cloud, meaning little sunshine to grow/ripen crops (1); the height of the land causes colder conditions and a shorter growing season, also poor for crops (1); soils on steep slopes are thin and infertile (1); the rugged landscape makes building and transport difficult (1); these physical difficulties discourage people from living here (1), so these areas are remote from large population centres (1); this in turn discourages industry and commerce, so there are few job opportunities (2). If No : The rugged landscape with peaks, ridges and steep slopes offers scope for a range of leisure opportunities (1), such as climbing, hillwalking and mountain biking (1); the numerous rivers and streams encourage water-based activities such as rafting (1); the cold conditions often mean snow in winter, and along with varied slopes this enables winter sports to take place (2); all of these leisure

4 activities generate jobs (1); hill sheep farming can thrive because sheep can withstand the difficult conditions (1), forestry is also possible on some slopes where land is cheap (1); the spectacular scenery attracts sightseeing tourists who bring money into the local economy (1); the plentiful water and easilydammed valleys mean reservoirs can be created (1), for water supply and/or HEP (1). 3. (a) 6 marks For full marks the candidate must refer to both environmental and economic impact, otherwise mark out of 5. Leisure and recreation Economic Visitors to the area for recreational purposes may hire equipment such as skis in the local area (1) this brings money to the local economy (1) and provides jobs for local people (1) although these are likely to be seasonal in the case of winter sports (1); it is likely that recreational visitors such as those for winter sports will spend a few days in the area and therefore require accommodation in the local area (1); many services will be provided for recreational visitors, for example specialist equipment shops (1) but this may be at the expense of services for local residents (1), goods sold in these shops may also be at higher prices (1). Environmental Recreational visitors may cause footpath erosion in upland areas (1) and also those undertaking winter sports create scars on the landscape as vegetation and soil is trampled during the winter season (1). Equipment erected for winter sports is unsightly eg chairlifts (1); recreational visitors may drop litter in the upland area which is unsightly (1) and can cause harm to animals (1); they may also leave farmer s gates open which can cause animals to escape from fields (1); walker s dogs may worry sheep (1); visitors using the area for recreation may park their cars at the side of the road causing erosion to the grass verges (1) and also traffic congestion on narrow country roads (1). 4 marks For example, industry stone extraction Quarries and cement works can be filled in and landscaped once they have closed (1). Vegetation and trees can be used to shield the quarry from view (1); quarries can be turned into water features (1) and these can be used for recreational

5 purposes (1); levy schemes have been introduced to reduce the impact on communities (1); these include the provision of safe play areas (1) and insulation and double glazing for local housing (1); government money has been given to organisations such as English Heritage to repair monuments etc which have been damaged by stone extraction (1); environmentally friendly methods of transportation such as nets on lorries are also used (1). Industrial buildings are made from local materials and are low level (1) this helps them to blend in with the surrounding landscape (1). Or any other valid point