1.4 Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition. (Chap. 2)
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1 1.4 Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition. (Chap. 2) There are two types of glaciation. Alpine Glaciation Continental Glaciation
2 Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation. (P.32)
3 Alpine Glaciation Alpine glaciers form high in mountain valleys; above the snow-line
4 C D E B A Alpine Glaciation
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7 Continental Glaciation Continental glaciers cover parts of continental land masses; ex Greenland
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10 Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation. (P.32) Similarities Both move and cause erosion Both change the landscape Both developed in constantly cold < 0 0 C Differences Location Alpine = mountain Continental = earth poles Size Alpine = smaller Continental = larger
11 Define the terms outwash plain, terminal moraine, erratics, drumlins & eskers. (P. 33 Q.12) These features are associated with continental glaciation. See picture p. 34
12 Outwash plain Similar to a river delta Melt water flowing from the glacier deposits silt Deposited in layers Small particles carried further away Larger particles drop closer to the glacier Outwash plain
13 Outwash Plain
14 Continental Outwash plain Outwash Plain
15 Continental Outwash plain
16 Continental Outwash plain
17 Terminal moraine Heap or ridge of bulldozed gravel that marks the end of the forward motion of a glacier As glacier retreats it deposits debris/gravel P. 34
18 Continental Terminal Moraine Terminal Moraine Outwash Plain
19 Continental Terminal Moraine
20 Erratics Large boulders that were transported long distances and dropped They now sit in a region and look very much out-of-place. P. 34
21 Erratic
22 Erratic
23 Continental Erratic Terminal Moraine Outwash Plain Erratic
24 Drumlins p. 34 Egg shaped hill Formed under glaciers Sloped or Pointy end points in direction of ice flow
25 Drumlins p. 34 Formation Ice melts under glacier Deposits of gravel made Glacier moves forward Deposits are bull-dozed along and catches up in rough areas forming piles or drumlins.
26 Drumlin What direction did the glacier move?
27 Continental Drumlin Terminal Moraine Drumlins Outwash Plain Erratic
28 Esker p. 34 Long deposits of eroded glacial material Formed by sub-glacial streams that deposit material like all rivers. Highways of the North!!
29 Esker
30 Esker
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33 Continental Esker Terminal Moraine Drumlins Esker Outwash Plain Erratic
34 Examine evidence for the direction of movement of glaciers. (P. 34 question # 13) 1. Sloped end of drumlin 2. Location of terminal moraine What is direction of glacier movement in this picture?
35 Continental Outwash Plain
36 Continental Esker Terminal Moraine Drumlins Esker Outwash Plain Erratic
37 Define the terms cirque, arête, hanging valley, lateral moraine, and terminal moraine. (P. 36) These features are associated with alpine glaciers
38 Alpine glaciers Alpine glaciers are like very slow moving rivers of ice flowing down high mountain valleys.
39 Cirque (p. 36) a circular hollow cut into bedrock during glaciation Side and back walls are steep but front wall opens downward
40 Cirque - How formed? Alpine glacier freezes onto mountain valley and as is proceeds it plucks rock from the mountain top leaving the cirque shape.
41 C D E Cirque B A
42 Cirque
43 Arête p. 36 Steep, jagged, narrow, knife edged ridge between two cirques or glacier valleys.
44 Arete C D E Cirque B A
45 Arête
46 Truncated Spur Blunt-ended ridge of rock jutting from the side of a glacial trough, or valley Seen where hillsides are bisected by glacier Song?
47 Truncated spurs Arete C D E Cirque B A
48 Horn or Pyramidal Peak is a mountain top (peak) that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation.
49 Truncated spurs Arete C Horn D E Cirque B A
50 Horn
51 Hanging Valley Most noticeable once glacier has melted! A high level tributary valley from which the ground falls sharply to the level of the lower, main valley. The depth of the lower valley is due to more severe glaciation.
52 Hanging Valley
53 Hanging Valley
54 Hanging Valley in Newfoundland Hanging Valley in Gros Morne National park. Trout River pond
55 Lateral Moraine Moraine means 'rock waste'. It is also known as glacial till Lateral Moraine is the land-form deposited at the side of a glacier Debris/waste rock drops off the side of the mountain as the glacier moves forming a ridge of debris at the outer-sides of the glacier.
56 Lateral Moraine Lateral Moraines
57 Kaskawulsh Glacier St. Elias Mtns - Arctic
58 Terminal Moraine deposits that mark the farthest extent of the glacier Good indicator of the direction or movement of the glacier as well.
59 Alpine Glaciation Terminal Moraine
60 Medial Moraine This is a ridge of rock waste found along the middle of the floor of a u - shaped valley. It occurs when two glaciers meet, two lateral moraines unite to form a medial moraine.
61 Medial Moraine Medial Moraine
62 Medial Moraine Medial Moraine
63 Alpine Glaciation
64 Kaskawulsh Glacier St. Elias Mtns - Arctic
65 Describe how fiords are formed. (P.37) 1. Alpine Glaciers erode troughs & valleys in the mountain 2. Glacier valley reaches the coast. 3. Glacier melts and sea water floods the valley
66 Fiord A glacially eroded or modified U-shaped valley that extends below sea level and connects to the ocean. Filled with seawater
67 Gross Morne - Fiord
68 Fiord in Norway Norway is well known for its abundant fiords
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