Αγγλική Τουριστική Ορολογία

Transcription

1 ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ Ανώτατο Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Πειραιά Τεχνολογικού Τομέα Αγγλική Τουριστική Ορολογία Ενότητα 1: The Subject of Tourism Κουτσογιάννη Ευαγγελία Τμήμα Διοίκηση Επιχειρήσεων

2 Άδειες Χρήσης Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες χρήσης Creative Commons. Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που υπόκειται σε άλλου τύπου άδειας χρήσης, η άδεια χρήσης αναφέρεται ρητώς. 2

3 Χρηματοδότηση Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα. Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο Ανώτατο Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Πειραιά Τεχνολογικού Τομέα» έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο τη αναδιαμόρφωση του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς πόρους. 3

4 Σκοποί Ενότητας In this unit you will learn: The concepts, terminology and definitions that underpin the study of tourism; The elements that comprise the tourism system; Vocabulary related to travel activities and types of travelers. 4

5 Περιεχόμενα Ενότητας The subject of tourism Tourism defined The characteristics of the tourism activity Exercise 1 Tourism development Exercise 2-3 The element of tourism Geographical elements Exercise 4-5 5

6 The Subject of Tourism 1 6

7 Tourism Defined (1) For most people tourism has a connotation of leisure travel and tends to be synonymous with holidays. By contrast, tourist boards and others concerned with the development, marketing and coordination of tourism in their countries tend to take a broader view; for them tourism means travel for most purposes, with such exceptions as travel to work, to migrate and as part of local activities. Between these ends of the spectrum lies business usage, the language of those who earn their living from serving the tourists; most of them see tourism in terms of the products they sell and the markets they serve. 7

8 Tourism Defined (2) According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business and other purposes. Source: Medlik, S.(2003) Dictionary of Travel, Tourism &Hospitality. Butterworth-Heinemann 8

9 The characteristics of the tourism activity (1) Tourism is a widespread activity that embraces the following characteristics: It is considered a leisure activity, associated with short-term escape from the routine or ordinary. Although destinations are visited for purposes other than taking up permanent residence or employment, some of non-leisure travel (for example pilgrimage) or work-related travel (for example conferences) are also accepted as forms of tourism. It is socially patterned. That is, the ability to participate in tourism and the nature of tourism consumption is influenced by tourists socio-cultural background, with wealth, gender, age, class, education having an influence on the frequency, duration, destination and style of tourists trips. 9

10 The characteristics of the tourism activity (2) Tourism is a widespread activity that embraces the following characteristics: It is supported by a diverse and multi-sectoral industry, mostly based in the industrialised, tourism generating countries. It is largely dependent on the physical, social and cultural attributes of the destination. Thus, it requires an attractive environment and interacts with and has impacts upon this environment. It is a commercial activity based on encounters between tourists and local communities. Tourism acts, therefore, as a catalyst in the development of commercialised hospitality, the potential commodification of culture, and as an agent of social change. 10

11 Exercise 1 (1) Complete the sentences using the following words: internal, international, domestic, national, inbound, outbound Domestic tourism refers to travel by residents within their country of residence, while inbound tourism refers to tourism to a given country by residents of other countries. In contrast, outbound tourism refers to tourism by residents of a given country to other countries. Internal tourism comprises domestic tourism plus inbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident and non-resident visitors within the country of reference as part of domestic or international tourism trips. Source: WTO (2014) Available at: 11

12 Exercise 1 (2) Complete the sentences using the following words: internal, international, domestic, national, inbound, outbound International tourism comprises inbound tourism plus outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips and the activities of nonresident visitors within the country of reference on inbound tourism trips. National tourism comprises domestic tourism plus outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips. Source: WTO (2014) Available at: 12

13 Tourism development Several factors of the modern world can be identified as the seeds from which international tourism has grown into an inescapable social phenomenon: population growth; increasing urbanization and the overwhelming pressures of urban life which create the desire to escape; growth in communications and information technology, creating awareness and stimulating interest; changes in mobility and accessibility, brought about largely by the growth of air transport and private motor car ownership; increased leisure time and longer periods of vacation, together with rising real income. 13

14 Exercise 2 (1) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. Tourism of a sort existed within ancient Greece, although normally associated with attending sporting festivals or for religious reasons. For example, the oracle at Delphi drew people to seek advice on various matters. 1. by and large 2. by far 3. from far and wide 14

15 Exercise 2 (2) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. Herodotus, who travelling usually by ship and recording what he experienced, is considered to be the first travel writer and his work is a unique record of early tourism. 1. spent many of his time 2. spend much of his time 3. passed his time 15

16 Exercise 2 (3) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. The Romans introduced the concept of tourism as a form of leisure activity. Those who could to do so enjoyed summer holidays and built themselves villas often in the hills to escape the summer heat. 1. stand 2. afford 3. bear 16

17 Exercise 2 (4) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. During the Middle Ages, tourism, as opposed to obligatory forms of travel, was largely religion. The most adventurous also embarked on long distance journeys seeking fame and fortune, the most well-known being Marco Polo who travelled to China in the thirteenth century. 1. associated with 2. relative to 3. dependent on 17

18 Exercise 2 (5) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. The Grand Tour was the product of a particular social and cultural environment. By the start of the seventeenth century it was for the English aristocracy to send their sons, once they had graduated from university, on a tour of Europe. 1. original 2. customary 3. ordinary 18

19 Exercise 2 (6) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. Whereas the Grand Tourist travelled abroad to enroll on university courses, learn languages and meet eminent persons, later travellers, the bourgeoisie, were interested in sightseeing. 1. prime 2. former 3. early 19

20 Exercise 2 (7) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. The nineteenth century is the most important period in the history of tourism. By 1800, tourism was still an activity enjoyed by a relatively small, privileged proportion of the population. But by the turn of the nineteenth century, seaside resorts had become popular destinations the majority of population due to the expansion of the railways. 1. accessible to 2. assessed by 3. launched in 20

21 Exercise 2 (8) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. Technological innovation and increasing levels of income and free time provided widespread participation in travel and tourism, whilst changes in social conditions, resulting, in particular, from rapid urbanization and the new industrial work practices, provided the motivation. 1. the media for 2. the means for 3. by means of 21

22 Exercise 2 (9) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. Following the end of the Second World War, many surplus aircraft and, during the 1950s, the introduction of jet airliners, the rapid expansion of the air transport industry in general and charter air travel in particular. 1. set the sight on 2. set aside 3. set the scene for 22

23 Exercise 2 (10) Vocabulary: The evolution of tourism Click on the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentences. The mass of the 1960s and 1970s is gradually being replaced by a more individual approach to tourism, with self-catering holidays, fly-drive packages and special interest holidays becoming more popular. 1. package holiday 2. packet holiday 3. all-included package 23

24 1. Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which involves 2. The development of tourism inevitably results in 3. Tourism is a multifaceted activity which touches 4. Tourists represent a heterogeneous group 5. Tourism includes all types of purpose of visit 1-e 2-c 3-a 4-d 5-b Exercise 3 Comprehension Join up the left-hand sentences with the right-hand ones so that they make sense. a. many lives and many different economic activities. b. including entertainment, business and education. c. both positive and negative consequences for destination societies. d. with different personalities, demographics and experiences. e. the activities and interest not only of visitors but also the resident population 24

25 The elements of tourism The most widely used framework is that developed by Leiper (1990) who identified a tourism system as comprising a tourist, geographical elements and the tourism sector. Leiper outlines three geographical elements in his model: a traveller-generating region; a tourist destination region; and transit routes for tourists travelling between generating and destination areas. Source: Leiper,N.(1990) Tourism Systems, Massey University. In Cooper,Ch.Fletcher,J.Fyall, A.Gilbert,D & Wanhall,St. (2005) Tourism: Principles and Practice. 3 rd edn.uk: Pearson Education. 25

26 Geographical elements The tourist-generating region is the area of origin of tourists, which represents the source of demand and the location of the market, where the major marketing functions of the tourism industry are based. It is from here that the tourist searches for information, makes the booking and departs. Tourism destination regions are countries, towns and other areas which attract tourist activity. The desire to visit destinations energises the whole tourism sector and creates demand for travel in the generating region. The transit route region does not simply represent the short period of time to reach the destination, but also includes the intermediate places which may be visited en route. 26

27 Exercise 4 Vocabulary Complete the sentences using the following verbs: bound, break, travelled, commutes, went: 1. Nick travelled round the world for a year. 2. They went on a touring holiday of Cuba. 3. Paul commutes from Athens to Korinthos everyday. 4. Where are you bound for now? 5. We are going to break our journey from London to Rome in Paris. 27

28 Exercise 5 Vocabulary Complete the sentences using the following nouns: pilgrimage, wayfarers, transit, voyage, trip, cruise 1. We went for a day trip to Tinos. 2. Visitors to Greece often make a pilgrimage to Delphi, famed throughout the ancient Greek world and beyond as the sanctuary of Apollo and the shrine of his oracle. 3. Many wayfarers stop here to look at the temple. 4. The goods were lost in transit. 5. They went on a cruise to the Greek islands. 6. The Smiths went on a long sea voyage. 28

29 Τέλος Ενότητας