CHILE THAILAND FREE TRADE AGREEMENT

Transcription

1 CHILE THAILAND FREE TRADE AGREEMENT Diego Torres Diez Head Asia and Oceania Department General Directorate for International Economic Affairs April, 2016

2 1. CHILE`S TRADE POLICY

3 CHILE S TRADE POLICY Chile is relative small and open economy, open to free trade through the implementation of a trade policy based on the negotiations of trade agreements. For the past 35 to 40 years, this strategy has allowed Chile to position it s products in important and highly competitive markets around the world. Thee fundamental pillars: Unilateral reduction of tariffs Bilateral negotiations of Trade Agreements Multilateral integration through WTO, OCDE and APEC 3

4 ,000 80,000 70,000 EFFECTIVE TARIFF** AND EXPORTS (MM US$ and PERCENTAGE,%) 32.6% (MFN 220%) EXPORTS* EXPORTS NON COPPER EXPORTS IMPORT TARIFF** FTA KOREA FTA USA FTA JAPÓN FTA FTA FTA THAILAND MALASIA VIETNAM y HONG KONG 35% FTA AUSTRALIA 30% 60,000 UNILATERAL TARIFF REDUCTION ACE MERCOSUR AAE EU FTA CHINA 25% 50,000 20% 40,000 30, % (MFN 35%) 12.3% (MFN 20%) 9.5% (MFN 15%) 9.2% (MFN 11%) 15% 10% 20,000 10, % (MFN 10%) 2.9% (MFN 6%) 1.0% (MFN 6%) 0.9% (MFN 6%) 5% 0 0% (*) Exports calculated with the average copper price = 0,965 US$/Lb (**) Weighted average imports tariff Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, based on data from Central Bank of Chile, UNCTAD and Santiago Chamber of Commerce. 4

5 CHILE FTA NETWORK AGREEMENTS IN FORCE AGREEMENTS UNDER NEGOTIATION 25 Trade Agreements with 64 ECONOMIES 63,9% OF WORLD POPULATION 87,7% OF WORLD GDP THAILAND HONG KONG VIETNAM MALAYSIA TURKEY ECUADOR AUSTRALIA PERU CUBA PANAMA JAPAN INDIA P-4 CHINA EFTA SOUTH KOREA UNITED STATES EUROPEAN UNION CENTRAL AMERICA MEXICO CANADA MERCOSUR VENEZUELA COLOMBIA BOLIVIA INDONESIA THE PHILIPPINES 5

6 2. THE ROAD TAKEN IN ASIA 6

7 TRADE FIGURES EXPORTS BY COUNTRY IN ASIA (MILLIONS US$) 2003: US$ 6.8 billion 2015: US$ 32 billion China Japan South Korea 9% 3% 9% 28% 5% 6% 6% India Taipei China 16% 35% 13% 53% Other 17% 16, ,909 2,425 5,458 1,080 4,132 2, , China Japan South Korea India Taipei China Thailand Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, based on data of Central Bank of Chile. 7

8 TRADE FIGURES IMPORTS BY COUNTRY IN ASIA (MILLIONS US$) 2003: US$ 3.8 billion 2015: US$ 23 billion China Japan South Korea Thailand India Other 18% 2% 3% 14% 19% 44% 9% 9% 3% 10% 3% 66% 14, ,642 2,105 1, China Japan South Korea Thailand India Taipei China Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, based on data of Central Bank of Chile. 8

9 ASIA PACIFIC FDI IN CHILE (US$ Thousands) Country/peri od * Total Japan 2,817, ,616 1,484,690 2,534,160 2,524, , ,296 10,479,699 Australia 3,522, , , , , ,533 17,949 4,608,783 China 84, ,754 9,187 12, , ,879 South Korea 40, ,380-14,920 16, ,440 New Zealand 158, ,791 India 27, ,107 Malaysia 22, ,923 Taiwan 10, , ,106 Singapore 4, ,352 Asia Pacific Total 6,689, ,393 1,775,248 2,695,245 3,113, , ,431 15,847,080 Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, base on data of Foreign Investment Promotion Agency, * january-september,

10 3. CHILE THAILAND TRADE

11 CHILE THAILAND BILATERAL TRADE NUMBER OF PRODUCTS 95 (2003)» 164 (2015) NUMBER OF COMPANIES 132 (2003)» 263 (2015) US$ MM Exportaciones (FOB) Importaciones (CIF) Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, based on data of Central Bank of Chile. 11

12 THAI EXPORTS TO CHILE MAIN PRODUCTS MAIN EXPORTS TO CHILE FROM THAILAND (Thousand US$) HS CODE DESCRIPTION Diesel powered trucks Automobiles with diesel engine Automobiles with engine, cylinder > < cc Fish prepared or preserved Pas or Freight elevator Polyethylene gravity of 0.94 or more Washing machines with dry linen capacity > 10 kg Combined refrigerator - freezers SHARE IN CHILEAN IMPORTS % 6% 11% 34% 20% 1% 14% 5% Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, over data of Global Trade Atlas 12

13 CHILEAN EXPORTS TO THAILAND MAIN PRODUCTS MAIN CHILEAN EXPORTS TO THAILAND (Thousand US$) HS CODE DESCRIPTION Chemical wood pulp Copper cathodes Frozen Atlantic Salmon Potassium Chloride Frozen Trout Frozen Pacific Salmon Coniferous Wood Sawn, Sliced Etc, Over 6 Mm Thick Fresh Grapes SHARE IN THAILAND IMPORTS ,2% 2,5% 62,2% 5,9% 62,5% 19,2% 10,6% 3,4% Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, over data of Global Trade Atlas 13

14 4. CHILE THAILAND FTA: CONTENTS & OPPORTUNITIES 14

15 FTA S TIMELINE & CONTENTS» Joint Study Group» Negotiations began in April, 2011;» Total of 6 Rounds of negotiations where held;» Negotiations concluded successfully in August 2012;» FTA was signed early October 2013.» FTA in force since November 5 th, Disciplines Negotiated: Trade in Goods Rules of Origin Custom Procedures and Cooperation Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Technical Barriers to Trade Trade Remedies Trade in Services Financial Services Dispute Settlement Transparency

16 16 CHILEAN EXPORTS TO THAILAND CHANGES SINCE FTA ENTERED INTO FORCE Subsector Jan 2015 Jan 2016 Tariff under FTA US$ Dif. Nov. 15/14 Cooper % Salmon and trout %-5% Fish oil % Leather and fur industries % Dry fruits and vegetables %-40% Mussels %-15% Sparkling wine % 1.480

17 17 THAI EXPORTS TO CHILE CHANGES SINCE FTA ENTERED INTO FORCE Subsector Jan 2015 Jan 2016 Tariff under FTA US$ Dif. Nov. 15/14 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing % Mechanic machinery, equipment % -5 años Electric machinery equipment % Jewelery and goldsmith % Plastic raw materials %

18 18 MARKET ACCES OFFERs UNDER THE FTA THAI OFFER Thailand granted Chile the elimination of 90.1% of tariff lines in immediate category. CATEGORY # PRODUCTS NT0 (inmmediate) 7,383 NT0 (O% tariff for quotas WTO) 87 NT1 ( Year 3) 142 NT2 (Year 5) 575 SL (Year 8) 102 Total CHILEAN OFFER CATEGORY # PRODUCTS Year Year Year On the other hand, Chile granted immediate tariff elimination to 90.6 % of tariff lines. SL (Year 8) 107 Total 7.715

19 CHILEAN EXPORTS TO THAILAND: POTENTIAL NEW EXPORTS (thousand US$) Code Description Chile's exports to World Thailand's imports from world NMF TARIFF FTA ' Plywood consisting solely of sheets of wood ' Salt, pure sodium chloride&sea water ' Pears ' Silver in unwrought forms ' Jams,fruit jellies,fruit/nut purée&paste ' Tomatoes prepared or preserved ' Cereals,in grain form ' Ammonium nitrate, pack weighg > 10 kg ' Mandarins ' Apple juice ' Almonds,fresh or dried,shelled or peeled ' Prep of cereals,flour,starch ' Peaches preserved ' Oranges, fresh or dried ' Olive oil, virgin 348,825 28, ,179 7, ,149 40, , , ,069 8, ,035 19, ,145 12,496 95,225 12,932 93, ,357 90,919 5,120 87,070 33,113 73,026 92,985 72,334 20,709 62,333 5,988 57,921 8,231 5% Year 0 10% Year 0 30% Year 0 0% Year 0 30% Year 0 - Year 3 30% Year 0 30% Year 0 5 Year 0 40% 0% in % Year 5 10% Year 0 5% - 10% Year 0 30% Year 0 - Year 5 30% Year 0 - Year 5 27% Year 0 - Year 5 Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, over data of TRADEMAP. 19

20 THAI EXPORTS TO CHILE: POTENTIAL NEW EXPORTS (thousand US$) Code Description ' Technically specified natural rubber ' Automobiles with diesel engine 2500 cc ' Light petroleum oils and preparations ' Structures,parts of structures ' Other frozen shrimps and prawns Hair shampoos ' Polyethylene terephthalate ' Hair preparations, nes ' Polyvinyl chloride ' Polyethers nes ' Table, kitchen or other household articles ' Lead-acid electric accumulators ' Parts of gas turbines nes ' Dentifrices Thailand`s exports to world Chile's imports from world 2,670,862 27,215 1,555,558 85,799 1,376, , , , ,041 32, ,492 67, ,853 93, ,316 80, ,977 71, ,879 45, ,498 28, ,511 77, ,332 38, ,200 36,079 TARIFF NMF FTA Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, over data of TRADEMAP. 20

21 THAILAND EXPORTS KEY PRODUCTS (thousand US$) Code Product label Exported Thailand's 2015 Thailand's exports to Chile Chile's imports from world NMF FTA ' Computer data storage units ' Diesel powered trucks ' Petroleum oils and preparations ' Rice, semi-milled or wholly milled % Year 5 ' Parts and accessories of automatic data processg machines ' Electronic integrated circuits as processors and controllers ' Technically specified natural rubber (TSNR) ' Motor vehicle parts nes ' Automobiles w reciprocatg piston engine displacg > 1500 cc to 3000 cc Source: Studies Department DIRECON-PROCHILE, over data of TRADEMAP. 21

22 22 CHILE THAILAND FTA Chapter on Rules of Origin meets the standards that Chile has negotiated in recent agreements. Committees regarding Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT ) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) are included. Regarding the chapter on services will grant new opportunities in trade in services. The inclusion of a chapter on financial services enable financial institutions in Chile and Thailand obtain a non- discriminatory treatment and to establish and/or acquire financial institutions in both financial markets. The Agreement also includes a Cooperation chapter, that will allow closer cooperation relations between the public, private and academic spheres in areas of mutual interest. Commitment of start negotiation of an investment chapter.

23 5. PRODUCTION LINKAGES 23

24 24 WHAT ARE PRODUCTION LINKAGES? A new step forward in Chilean trade policy, designed to leverage business opportunities generated by Chile s network of trade agreements. Consists of business alliances with trading partners for in-country goods production using imported supplies. Production linkages involve processing partner-country materials or parts in Chile. Finished, value-added goods can then be re-exported to countries making use of Chile tariff reductions. Rules of origin play a fundamental role in securing tariff reductions.

25 SUMMARY FIRST STEP The material, supply or consumable good is imported to the country with preferential treatment. Supplies FTA Production or assembly in Chile FTAs Final good SECOND STEP The production process is carried out in Chile or Thailand in order to comply with the rules of origin of different trade agreements. Tariff Rules of Origin Preferencia Arancelaria THRID STEP The final good is exported (with Chilean of Thai origin) to other markets.

26 EXAMPLE Chile Thailand Free Trade Agreement Potential Market of 566 million consumers 0% Tariff 0% Tariff

27 CONTEXTO Temas Bajo Negociación Acceso a Mercados Reglas de Origen Compras Públicas Servicios Financieros Empresas del Estado 6. FINAL REMARKS Laboral PYMEs Cooperación Asuntos Legales: Administración, Transparencia, Anticorrupción, Excepciones, Disposiciones Finales Temas aduaneros Servicios Medio Ambiente Solución de Controversias Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias Inversiones Propiedad Intelectual Competitividad Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio Entrada Temporal Comercio Electrónico Desarrollo Defensa Comercial Telecomunicaciones Coherencia Regulatoria 27

28 28 MAIN BENEFITS The Agreement will allow both countries: Establish economic alliances and reciprocal investments ; Simplify sanitary and technical regulations ; Standardize customs procedures; Faster addressing trade problems through contact points and Technical Committees.

29 THANK YOU Diego Torres Diez Head Asia and Oceania Department General Directorate for International Economic Affairs April, 2016

30 PACIFIC ALLIANCE FIGURES 6th world economy (2,8% world GDP) 35% population of LAC (216 millions) 52,7% Latin American exports* 37% GDP and 31% FDI of LAC * Source: IMF (World Economic Outlook, octubre 2014), y World Factbook-CIA, World Investment Report UNCTAD, Trademap. (*) 2013

31 ACHIEVEMENTS Framework Agreement First Additional Protocol to the Framework Agreement Aditional dispositions on e-commerce & telecommunications Intellectual property projects Consolidation of MILA, biggest Latinamerica stock market Joint Events on Export Promotion Visa acilities for business people staying over 180 days Visa tourist exemption Student Grants Joint Cooperation Fund of the Pacific Alliance Inter-institutional Agreement on pharmaceuticals products Cooperation Agreement in Tourism Joint Diplomatic and Trade Offices Migratory Exchange of Information XX / Oficina Comercial

32 ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL Tariffs elimination 100% Tariffs elimination 92% immediately once entry into force 8% short and medium term (between 3 and 17 years) Rules of origin Flexibility, single rule and accumulation through PA member in order to the commercial integration Trade facilitation Electronic Certification of Origin, Interoperability of the single window, Custom Cooperation, Authorized Economic Operator Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Increase transparency in the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures and strengthen the use of science-based. Technical Barriers to Trade Increase transparency and the regulatory cooperation among other matters.

33 ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL Comprehensive Chapters in Services and Investment Cross-Border Trade in Services and Investment: Protect cross border trade in services, the investors and their investments in the countries of the Pacific Alliance Telecomunications: Ensure of telecommunications services in the region of the Pacific Alliance under free competition, particularly in relation to the dominant suppliers. E-Commerce: Electronic transactions of goods and services shall be regulated, including digital products, to ensure their safety and efficiency. Maritime Services: Grant a non-discriminatory treatment to ships from P.A. countries in its ports, the recognition of the documentation of vessels and crew, among others. Financial Services: Grant legal certainty for investors and service providers from the four countries in the financial sector, consolidating the laws of each country.

34 ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL Government Procurement Facilitate and encourage the participation of MSMEs as well expand the coverage of existing agreements, including rules and actions. Dispute Settlement Mechanism address to the prevention or settlement of disputes between the Parties concerning the interpretation, implementation or application of the Agreement

35 NEXT STEPS 1. Free Movement of Capitals 1.1. Financial integration - Pensions portability along with the persons - Foreign Investment promotion policy - Financial inclusion 1.2. Infrastructure investment - Regional Investment Fund 1.3 Public Finance - Mechanism for Exchange of Fiscal Information - Natural Disasters Joint Risk Management 2. Free Movement of Goods & Services - Homologation administrative norms - Foreign Trade Single Windows interoperability - Consumer Rights Booklet - MoU on Exchange Information about controversy solutions for consumer protection - Mining projects 3. Free Movement of People: Pacific Alliance Visa 4. Cooperation: aerospace cooperation, operations start of the Joint Cooperation Fund of the Pacific Alliance

36 Contexto negociación TPP DIRECON El TPP es el proceso de negociación económica y comercial más importante que se desarrolla en el escenario internacional que surge con el objetivo de generar un proceso de integración en la región Asia Pacífico. Negociación de 12 países, entre las cuales se encuentran dos de las tres economías más grandes del mundo. Espacio donde se está definiendo la nueva arquitectura del comercio internacional, estableciendo las reglas o estándares que lo regirán durante los próximos años. Ha sido definido por los miembros de APEC como un elemento central para la construcción de la Zona de Libre de Comercio en el Asia Pacífico (región con los niveles más altos de dinamismo económico). Respecto de nuestros acuerdos vigentes con países TPP, será posible completar su cobertura, incluyendo temas como servicios, compras públicas e inversiones. Beneficios Específicos Acceso a mercados, Compras Públicas, Normas de origen y Acumulación, Facilitación de Comercio, Servicios, Inversiones, Entrada Temporal de Personas de Negocios, Comercio Electrónico y Telecomunicaciones, Asuntos Ambientales y Laborales, Coherencia Regulatoria, Otros beneficios.

37 TRANSPACIFIC PARTENERSHIP AGREEMENT (TPP) MEMBER COUNTRIES

38 TRANS PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP) TPP is one of the most important trade integration initiatives in the current international scenario. Two of the three largest economies in the world are members. The agreement will help establish rules for international trade in the Asia Pacific region. It has been described by APEC members as a central element for the construction of the Free Trade Area in the Asia Pacific. 38

39 TPP IMPORTANCE FOR CHILE Chile will participate in the formulation of rules and standards which will govern international trade during the next century. TPP will be a key element to consolidate trade integration between Chile and Asia. TPP will position Chile as a business platform to access markets of Latin- America. It will enable Chile to enhance coverage of current existing bilateral FTAs. 39