Australia. A: Definitions and sources of data
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1 Australia A: Definitions and sources of data Data on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Australia are reported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The definition of FDI is essentially in line with international standards. FDI thus refers to investment undertaken by an entity resident in one economy, in an enterprise resident in another economy, with the objective of obtaining or sustaining a lasting interest in the enterprise and exercising a significant degree of influence on its management. A ten per cent equity investment threshold is applied for such a direct interest. In 1997, FDI statistics were adjusted to the recommendations of the 5 th edition of the Balance of Payments-Manual of the International Monetary Fund. Since then, FDI also includes loans between affiliated enterprises (except between banks), the private purchase and sale of real estate and property, as well as reinvested earnings. However, data have been revised backwards until only and therefore, data reported for earlier periods are not comparable. The ABS collects FDI data through a quarterly Survey of International Investment, under the authority of the Census and Statistics Act, 1905, in order to compile the country s balance of payments and international investment position. Aggregate data on total inward and outward flow and stock of FDI are available for both fiscal year (stock data since , flow data since ) and calendar year (stock data since 1988 and flow data since 1989). Information on FDI by industry and by region are only available both based on fiscal year (ie, from 1 July to 30 June) and calendar year, since 1991 and 1992, respectively. Intra-company loans include short and long term loans and trade credits. Data on stocks and flows of FDI are derived from international investment statistics and published (aggregate totals only) by the ABS in the quarterly release of Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, Australia (cat.no ). Regional FDI statistics are published annually in International Investment Position Australia: Supplementary Country Statistics (cat no ). The country classification of inward FDI data follows the principle of immediate owner. The industry classification applied for flow and stock data is the 1993 Australian and New Zealand Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) and relates to the predominant activity of the resident enterprise. Stock data in principle reflect market values. The ABS does not maintain links between the universe of companies for which FDI data are collected, and the enterprises for which operations data, such as employment or sales, are collected. Therefore, at present, it is not possible to classify operations data by direct investment status of enterprises. The ABS has published data on foreign affiliates of Australian resident enterprises for the first time in respect of in Australian Outward Foreign Affiliates Trade (cat. no ). This data includes the number, industry, sales, purchases, employment and wages and salaries of foreign affiliates of Australian resident enterprises. The Government encourages FDI consistent with the interests of the community. The Foreign Investment Review Board was established in 1976 to advise the Government on FDI policy and its administration while responsibility for the Government s FDI policy and for decisions on proposals rests with the Treasurer. Invest Australia is the national investment authority, located in the Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, to promote Australia as an investment location, to facilitate major projects and to provide services to companies seeking to establish operations in Australia. Posting date: 19 September 2005
2 B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs
3 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTALIA Page 3 of 30 Table 1. Summary of FDI Variable Inward Outward 1. FDI flows, (annual average) FDI flows as a percentage of GFCF, (annual average) FDI stock, FDI stock as a percentage of GDP, Sources : Based on tables 3a and 4 and UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
4 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTALIA Page 4 of 30 Table 3a. FDI flows, by type of investment, (a) On a calendar year basis Inward investment Outward investment Reinvested Other Reinvested Other Year Equity earnings capital Total Equity earnings capital Total (b) On a fiscal year basis Inward investment Outward investment Reinvested Other Reinvested Other Year Equity earnings capital Total Equity earnings capital Total Note: Fiscal years run from 1 July of the current year to 30 June of the next year.
5 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTALIA Page 5 of 30 Table 3b. FDI flows, by type of investment, (Millions of dollars) Year Equity Inward investment Intracompany Reinvested earnings loans Total Equity Outward investment Intracompany Reinvested earnings loans Total Source : International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments CD ROM, January 2005.
6 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTALIA Page 6 of 30 Table 4. FDI stocks, by type of investment, (a) On a calendar year basis Inward investment Outward investment Reinvested Other Reinvested Other Year Equity earnings capital Total Equity earnings capital Total (b) On a fiscal year basis Inward investment Outward investment Reinvested Other Reinvested Other Year Equity earnings capital Total Equity earnings capital Total
7 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 7 of 30 Table 5a. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry, Sector/industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Finance Business activities Unspecified Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
8 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 8 of 30 Table 5b. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry, Sector/industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Finance Business activities Unspecified Note: Data are on a fiscal year basis, years ending 30 June.
9 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 9 of 30 Table 6a. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, Region/economy Total world Developed countries Western Europe European Union Belgium / Luxembourg France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom Other Western Europe Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Japan New Zealand South Africa Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South America Other Latin America and Caribbean Mexico Asia South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China Thailand Viet Nam The Pacific Fiji Papua New Guinea Unspecified Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
10 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 10 of 30 Table 6b. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, Region/economy Total world Developed countries Western Europe European Union Belgium / Luxembourg France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom Unspecified European Union Other Western Europe Switzerland Unspecified Western Europe North America Canada United States Other developed countries Japan New Zealand South Africa Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Other Latin America and Caribbean Mexico Asia South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China Thailand Viet Nam The Pacific Fiji Papua New Guinea Central and Eastern Europe Russian Federation Unspecified Source : Australian Bureau of Statistics, International Investment Section, unpublished data Note: Data are on a fiscal year basis, years ending 30 June.
11 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 11 of 30 Table 8a. FDI flows abroad, by industry, Sector/industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Finance Business activities Unspecified Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
12 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 12 of 30 Table 8b. FDI flows abroad, by industry, Sector/industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Finance Business activities Unspecified Note: Data are on a fiscal year basis, years ending 30 June.
13 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 13 of 30 Table 9a. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, Region/economy Total world Developed countries Western Europe European Union Belgium / Luxembourg France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom Other Western Europe Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Japan New Zealand South Africa Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South America Chile Peru Other Latin America and Caribbean Mexico Asia South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China Thailand Viet Nam The Pacific Fiji Papua New Guinea Unspecified Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
14 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 14 of 30 Table 9b. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, Region/economy Total world Developed countries Western Europe European Union Belgium / Luxembourg France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom Other Western Europe Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Japan New Zealand South Africa Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South America Chile Peru Other Latin America and Caribbean Mexico Asia South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China Thailand Viet Nam The Pacific Fiji Papua New Guinea Unspecified Note: Data are on a fiscal year basis, years ending 30 June.
15 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 15 of 30 Table 11a. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry, Sector/industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Finance Business activities Unspecified Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
16 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 16 of 30 Table 11b. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry, Sector/industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Finance Business activities Unspecified Note: Data are on a fiscal year basis, years ending 30 June.
17 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 17 of 30 Table 12a. FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin, Region/economy Total world Developed countries Western Europe European Union Belgium / Luxembourg France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom Other Western Europe Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Japan New Zealand South Africa Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South America Chile Other Latin America and Caribbean Asia South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China Thailand The Pacific Fiji Papua New Guinea Unspecified Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
18 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 18 of 30 Table 12b. FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin, Region/economy Total world Developed countries Western Europe European Union Belgium / Luxembourg France Germany Ireland Italy Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom Other Western Europe Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Japan New Zealand South Africa Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Asia South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China Thailand The Pacific Papua New Guinea Unspecified Note: Data are on a fiscal year basis, years ending 30 June.
19 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 19 of 30 Table 14a. FDI stocks abroad, by industry, Sector/industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Finance Business activities Unspecified Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
20 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 20 of 30 Table 14b. FDI stocks abroad, by industry, Sector/industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Secondary Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Finance Business activities Unspecified Note: Data are on a fiscal year basis, years ending 30 June.
21 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 21 of 30 Table 15a. FDI stocks abroad, by geographical destination, Region/economy Total world Developed countries Western Europe European Union Belgium / Luxembourg France Germany Greece Italy Netherlands United Kingdom Other Western Europe Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Japan New Zealand South Africa Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South America Chile Other Latin America and Caribbean Mexico Asia South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China Thailand Viet Nam The Pacific Fiji Papua New Guinea Unspecified Note: Data are on a calendar year basis.
22 UNCTAD WID Country Profile: AUSTRALIA Page 22 of 30 Table 15b. FDI stocks abroad, by geographical destination, Region/economy Total world Developed countries Western Europe European Union Belgium / Luxembourg France Germany Italy Netherlands United Kingdom Other Western Europe Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Japan New Zealand South Africa Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South America Chile Other Latin America and Caribbean Asia South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China Thailand The Pacific Fiji Papua New Guinea Central and Eastern Europe Russian Federation Unspecified Note: Data are on a fiscal year basis, years ending 30 June.
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