Development of Performance Measurement for Freight Transportation

Transcription

1 Developmet of Performace Measuremet for Freght Trasportato Dr. Peter Kelle Iformato Systems ad Decso Sceces Lousaa State Uversty Drs. Mgzhou J ad Xaoya Zhu Idustral ad Systems Egeerg Uversty of Teessee at Koxvlle At 2013 Lousaa Trasportato Coferece Feb

2 Outle Itroducto Revew of Lterature ad Practce USDOT State DOTs Other Lterature Prelmary Performace Measure Developmet User Needs Trasportato Goals Prelmary Freght Performace Measures Work Pla Feb

3 Ladmarks of Itermodal Freght Trasportato ISTEA (1991) TEA-21 (1998) MAP-21 (2012) Requests the atoal freght etwork to corporate cocepts of performace ad accoutablty to the operato ad mateace of the atoal freght etwork Requres the U.S. Departmet of Trasportato (USDOT) ad all states to establsh performace measures for freght movemet Feb

4 Proect Obectves To develop a systematc scalable calculable effectve ad useroreted performace measure system for termodal freght trasportato systems. Measures ca be tegrated to other models such as Itermodal Freght Smulato Model to aswer the followg questos: For a trasportato system termodal or sgle mode how well t s desged ad operated; For a specfc dustry a specfc area what kds of modes or ther combato should be chose; For local state wde atoal govermets what kd of termodal trasportato system s the best choce To provde gudeles for performace measures-based termodal trasportato decso makg. Feb

5 2011 USDOT Performace Measures Safety Reduced cogesto Global coectvty Evrometal stewardshp Securty preparedess ad respose; ad Orgazatoal excellece. Feb

6 2011 USDOT Performace Measures Safety Passeger vehcle occupat hghway fatalty rate per 100 mllo passeger vehcle mles traveled (VMT); Large truck ad bus fatalty rate per 100 mllo total VMT; Motorcyclst fatalty rate per motorcycle regstratos; No-occupat fatalty rate per 100mllo VMT; Number of commercal ar carrer fataltes per 100 mllo persos oboard; Fatal accdets per flght hours geeral avato; Ral-related accdets ad cdets per mllo tra mles; Trast fataltes per 100 mllo passeger-mles traveled; Mode-Specfc Number of atural gas ad hazardous lqud ppele cdets wth death or maor ury; ad Number of hazardous materals trasportato cdets wth death or maor ury. Feb

7 2011 USDOT Performace Measures Cogesto Reducto Mode-Specfc Percetage of travel o the Natoal ghway System (NS) meetg pavemet performace stadards for good rated rde; Percetage of deck area o Natoal ghway System (NS) brdges rated defcet Percetage of total aual urba area travel occurrg cogested codtos; Average percet chage trast boardgs per trast market (150 largest trast ageces); Percet of trast bus fleets complat wth the Amercas wth Dsabltes Act (ADA); Percet of key trast ral statos complat wth the ADA; ad Percet of all flghts arrvg wth 15 mutes of schedule at the 35 Operatoal Evoluto Partershp arports due to Natoal Arspace System related delays. Feb

8 2011 USDOT Performace Measures Evrometal stewardshp securty ad orgazatoal excellece Number of areas coformty lapse; Number of hazardous lqud ppele splls wth evrometal cosequeces; Number of Exemplary uma Evrometal Itatves udertake; Meda tme moths to complete evrometal mpact statemets for DOT fuded frastructure proects; Percetage of DoD-requred shppg capacty complete wth crews avalable wth moblzato tmeles; Percetage of DoD-desgated commercal ports avalable for mltary use wth DoD establshed readess tmeles; Percet of DOT persoel wth emergecy maagemet resposbltes who are prepared to respod to dsasters ad emergeces; Percet of DOT ageces meetg aual respose requremets; Percet of maor federally fuded trasportato frastructure proects wth less tha 2 percet aual growth the proect completo mlestoe as reported the face pla; Percet of face pla cost estmated for maor federally fuded trasportato frastructure proects wth less tha 2 percet aual growth proect completo cost; For maor DOT avato systems percetage of cost goals establshed the acqustos proect baseles that are met; ad For maor DOT avato systems percetage of scheduled mlestoes establshed acqusto proect baseles that are met. Feb

9 Measuremets of DOT Admstratos Martme Admstratos Reduced cogesto Global coectvty Evrometal stewardshp ad Securty preparedess ad respose. Federal ghway Admstrato Truck travel tmes freght-sgfcat corrdors to measure the performace of the freght trasportato system Border delay ad crossg tmes for freght Federal Trast Admstrato FTA has opportutes to mprove performace accoutablty (GOA 2011) MAP-21 requres FTA to defe obectve stadards for measurg Safety for all modes of publc trasportato ad Codto of captal assets. Feb

10 Measures of DOT Admstratos Federal Ralroad Admstrato reports ral servce metrcs ad performace of tercty passeger tra operatos regardg face o-tme delays other servce qualty ad publc beeft. Seve Class-I ralroad report three freght ral performace at Cars o Le Tra Speed (mles per hour) ad Termal Dwell (ours). The ralroads actually use dfferet ways to calculate those measures ad t s dffcult to compare them o a ralroad-by-ralroad bass (Vatuoo) Feb

11 Measures Used by State DOTs (Mssour) MoDOT s usg a comprehesve tool called Tracker to track 19 categores of performace Uterrupted Traffc Flow; Smooth ad Urestrcted Roads ad Brdges; Safe Trasportato System; Roadway Vsblty; Outstadg Customer Servce; Parter wth Others to Delver Trasportato Servces; Advace Ecoomc Developmet; Iovatve Trasportato Solutos; Fat Proects That Are of Great Value; Evrometally Resposble; Great Workplace Great Employees; Effcet Movemet of Goods; Easly Accessble Modal Choces; Customer Ivolvemet Trasportato Decso Makg; Accommodatg Roadsdes; Best Value for Every Dollar Spet; Advocate for Trasportato Issues; ad Proactve Trasportato Iformato. Feb

12 MoDOT Metrcs for Uterrupted Traffc Flow Metrcs Average travel tmes o selected freeway sectos Average rate of travel o sgalzed routes Average tme to clear traffc cdet Traffc mpact closures o maor terstate routes Work zoe (WZ) mpacts to travelg publc Tme to meet wter storm evet performace obectves Ut/Calculato 10-mle travel tme (mutes) =10 mles/ Average Speed Free flow speed gh: speeds at 80 percet of the speed lmt; medum: 50 to 79 percet; low: less tha 50 percet. Mutes Total closure mutes for evets wth a actual or expected durato of oe hour or more closure at selected mle markers at maor hghways Number of WZ wth maor ad moderate mpact. A mpact s defed as the addtoal tme added to the publc s ormal travel: Mor: less tha 10 mutes moderate:10 to 14 mutes ad maor: 15 mutes or greater. Average tme (hours) volved road clearace durg wter weather o cotuous ad o-cotuous operatos routes. Relevat to Freght M Feb

13 MoDOT Metrcs for Uterrupted Traffc Flow Metrcs Percet of maor hghways good codto Percet of mor hghways good codto Percet of vehcle mles traveled o maor hghways good codto Percet of brdges good codto Percet of maor brdges good codto Ut/Calculato O hgh-speed routes (> 50 mph) the Iteratoal Roughess Idex (IRI) s used to measure good codtos. For lower-speed routes (mostly urba areas) where smoothess s less crtcal a codto ratg s used wth the smoothess compoet. Smoothess s evaluated usg the IRI. Pavemets below the prescrbed threshold are cosdered good. A codto ratg of vsual dstress s also evaluated ad f those crtera are met the roadway s cosdered good. A aual measure based o VMT estmato o maor hghways. A brdge s cosdered good f t s ot ether structurally defcet or fuctoally obsolete A maor brdge s oe wth a legth greater tha 1000 feet. Relevat to Freght Feb

14 MDOT Performace Metrcs Category Measure wth Defto Relevat to Freght Traveler Safety Total traffc fataltes ad serous ures Ifrastructure Percet of brdges whose codtos are good or satsfactory Percet of brdges whose codtos are poor (structurally defcet or fuctoally defcet) Percet of state hghway mles poor pavemet codto Percet of state prcpal arterals mles poor pavemet codto Percet of state prcpal arterals mles good pavemet codto Mateace Frequecy of achevg bare lae wth target hours all storms ad routes Percet of brdge safety spectos that were spected wth the requred tme perod Customer satsfacto wth state hghway mateace from 1 to 10 based o a survey Natoal ad Arle aual avalable seat mles o scheduled commercal flghts I Global Aual toage of shpmets to ad from MN Great Lakes & rver ports Coectos Aual toage of shpmets o Mesota Ralroads: from to ad through Mesota Feb

15 MDOT Performace Metrcs Category Statewde Coecto Tw Ctes Moblty MN Metro ad Regoal Moblty Commuty Developmet ad Trasportato Eergy ad the Evromet Measure wth Defto Percet of maor terregoal routes ca be drve wth 2 mph of the corrdor target speed Percet of Mesota populato wth 30 mute drve tme of a arport wth paved ad lghted ruway Percet of mles below 45 mph AM or PM peak Average clearace tme for metro urba freeway cdets Aual ral ad express bus trast rdershp Aual Greater Mesota bus servce hours Percet of state hghway tersectos wth Accessble Pedestra Sgals Percet of commuter trps wth bcycle commutg walkg ad publc trast maor metropolta areas Aual bllos of gallos sold Mesota Relevat to Freght M I I L I Feb

16 MDOT Performace Scorecard Feb

17 NCDOT Performace Metrcs Measure Defto Relevat to Freght Fatalty Rate Total umber of statewde fataltes o NC roads per 100 mllo vehcle Icdet Durato Average tme t takes to clear a maor accdet (.e. oe that causes sgfcat or uusual delays) from a North Carola hghway Ifrastructure ealth Brdge health dex: Percet of brdges good codto. A brdge s cosdered to be good codto f the Level of Servce (LOS) for the Deck Sub-Structure ad Super Structure are all greater tha or equal to 6 (o a 1 to 9 scale) Pavemet codto ratg: Percet of lae mles good codto. A good codto for pavemet s defed as a Pavemet Codto Ratg (PCR) value of 80 or hgher (o a 0 to 100 scale). Roadsde feature codto score: Delvery Rate Percet of plas completed ad bds opeed o tme M Percet of rght of way plas completed o tme M Percet of costructo proects completed o schedule M Percet of costructo proects completed o budget M Evrometal complace dex. M Employee Employee emotoal ad ratoal commtmet dces derved from the I Egagemet employee egagemet survey Employee dscretoary effort dex derved from the employee I egagemet survey Itet to stay dex derved from the employee egagemet survey I Feb

18 NCDOT Performace Dashboard Feb

19 A Freght Performace Study by MDOT (2008) 19 Categores wth total 247 Performace Metrcs uder Them (some overlaps) etwork ad frastructure access travel tme market share modal costs freght securty prcg carrer cost exteraltes ad commuty cost exteral factors safety or damage capacty relablty modal share freght productvty shpmet rates agecy cost shpper cost trasportato dces Too May? Feb

20 Natoal Cooperatve Freght Research Program Report 10: Performace Measures for Freght Trasportato (2012) Maor Fdgs A reportg framework s possble. The mpedmets to creatg a Freght System Report Card are umerous ad there s o etty ad o budget to develop a Freght System Report Card. A coalto of terested partes wll eed to coalesce aroud the cocept of producg a Freght System Report Card. 29 Metrcs uder 6 Categores Freght Demad Freght System Codto Freght Safety Freght Effcecy Freght Evrometal Impacts Adequacy of Ivestmet Freght System Those metrcs descrbe the facts of performace o each mode ad lacks system-level performace measures for termodal trasportato Feb

21 Lterature Revew of Moblty Moblty: the ablty to trasport goods a effcet way Average speed (Shaw 2002 Bert 2002) Both speed ad trp legth (Report of Albay NY 2001) Average org-destato travel tme per trp (Meyer 2001) Colorado System 2000 Passeger Moblty Coeffcet by usg PMT/Average Speed/ Freght Moblty Coeffcet by usg FTMT/Average Speed/ Passeger Moblty Idex s (PMT/VMT) Average Speed Freght Moblty Idex s FTMT/Truck VMT*Average Speed Cogesto Volume to Capacty Rato (V/C) greater tha 0.85 (BRW Ic 2000) Number (or percet) of termodal coectors mproved (Bert 2002) Ralway: Average Tra Speed Average Termal Dwell Tme (Amerca Assocato of Ralroads 2003) Feb

22 Lterature Revew of Accessblty ad Capacty Accessblty : the ease to reach maor trasportato faclty Percetage of urba populato wth X mle of trast to evaluate the trast servce accessblty (Bert 2003 Sa Fracsco Bay Area Report Dumbaugh 2003) Number of goods trasferred ad umber of people accessg the system (Bert 2003) Capacty of trasportato system: vehcle mles traveled (VMT) to mles traveled (TMT) (BRW Ic 2000 Bert 2002) Vehcle hours traveled hours traveled (Bert 2002) Ralway: Total Freght Cars O Le (Amerca Assocato of Ralroads 2012) Feb

23 Lterature Revew of Relablty Relablty: the delay caused by some uusual evets or cdets Measures: Trasfer tme betwee modes (Bert 2003 Czerak 1996) Delays per to-mle lost tme or delay tme ad cogested hghway mles dvded by total hghway mles (BRW Ic 2000) ow shps kow the schedule well ad accurately estmate the dwell tme (DOT 1999) Problem: ow to defe delay ad o tme? Feb

24 Lterature Revew of Safety From Combed Performace Pla ad Report ghway: fataltes per 100 mllo vehcle-mle of travel ad umber of accdets per 100 mllo vehcle-mles of travel Arbore: fatal avato accdets per departures Martme: umber of calls receved for help by coast guard ad percet of all marers mmet dager who are rescued. Ralway: tra accdets per mllo tra-mles ad ral related fataltes per mllo tra-mles Problems: hard to compare Feb

25 Lterature Revew of Cost Effectveess Cost s drect costs assocated wth trasportato plag costructo ad operato Cost per to-mle detfed by (agler Bally Servces Ic 2001 cklg Lews Brod Ic 1998 ad the State of Florda 1998) Fuel cosumpto cost Truck techology ad drvers wages Cost per vehcle hour (agler Bally Servces Ic 2001) Mateace cost o facltes (the State of Florda 1998) The hgher the better? Feb

26 Lterature Revew Ifrastructure Codto Number of brdges per 100 mles (BRW Ic 2002) Number of defcet brdges per 100 mle (BRW Ic 2002) Lae-mles of hgh-level hghway requrg rehabltato (Calfora 1998) Percetage of mles of state truk les wth surface codto classfed as good ad the umber brdges rated as good (Mchga 1999 ad may state DOTs) Is frastructure codto a ecessary performace measure? It flueces moblty relablty safety comfortablty Feb

27 Lterature Revew of Ecoomc Impact Number of drect ad drect obs created (Idaapols Study 2000 St. Lous Rego MPO 1998) Cotrbuto of vestmet to GDP growth preseted (cklg Lews Brod Ic 1998) Reveue per to-mle by mode (Florda 1998) The value of the freght that s moved from to ad wth the rego (St. Lous Rego MPO 1998) Problems ard to compare ard to measure Feb

28 Lterature Revew of Idustry Productvty Idustry productvty: the effcecy of the dustry stead of the trasportato system Measures the lterature Vehcle mles per capta ad reveue hours per employee. (Thompso 2001) Empty/loaded rato for truck moves aual mles per truck ad average legth of haul by vehcle (FWA) Not drect reflecto of trasportato system effcecy Feb

29 Problems Idetfed from Revews Problems of exstg measures for freght trasportato May are oly applcable for a sgle mode Not systematc: overlap ad overlook Not scetfc: factors performace measures Not user-oreted Not all quattatve gh cost to calculate track ad use Feb

30 What s a Good Measuremet Systems? It should be based o user eeds. Trasportato systems are bult for ther users rather tha others. It should be applcable for all modes ad ther combatos. It should be scalable to compare systems of dfferet szes. It should be scetfc ad systematc. A good performace measure system should be a herarchy wth system ad sub system measures. At the system level there should be o overlaps or oversghts. It should be as quattatve as possble. It should be cost effectve to calculate track ad use. Feb

31 Freght Trasportato User Needs Users : all ageces ad partcpats freght trasportato systems who have dverse purposes prefereces ad requremets for the trasportato facltes. Ivestors clude trasportato vestors ad stakeholders (sometmes they are govermet ageces). Ther maor cocers would be how to develop a cost effectve system ad how to get the vestmet retur as soo as possble. Idustres clude publc ad prvate dustres. Ther maor cocers are to trasport the goods a quck safe cheap relable ad effcet maer. Socety users maor cocers are located ecoomc mpact commuty mpact ad evromet cosderato. Feb

32 Trasportato Goals Goals Users Moblty: less tme for trps (Idustry) Relablty: more predctable less delay (Idustry) Safety ad securty: less accdets fataltes rsks (Idustry Socety) Evrometal mpact: less amout of trasportato related pollutats released to the evromet hgher commuty lvablty ear maor trasportato frastructures ad less eergy cosumpto (Socety) Log-term cost effcecy: more cost effcet system lower cost/beeft rato ad hgher sustaablty (Ivestors) Ecoomc growth: more obs ad reveue created by trasportato system (Socety) DOT Metrcs Reduced cogesto Global coectvty Safety Securty preparedess ad respose Evrometal stewardshp Orgazatoal excellece. Feb

33 Feb Proposed Measures: Moblty Moblty (M): Average travel tme per TMR (To Mle Requred) where dstace s Geographc dstace rather tha travelg dstace. The statstcs ca be obtaed by Why geographc dstace? User eeds Verfed by some shppers Already cludes the trasfer tme ad cosders vehcle occupacy R R l p T p M ) ( ) ( A B Desg 1 Desg 2

34 Feb Proposed Measures: Relablty Relablty (R): the depedable levels of trasportato servce ad coeffcet of varato of travel tme ca be used to measure t. The statstcs ca be obtaed by: Norecurrg delays (R u ) Smaller R meas people ca easly predct the total travel tme ad avod the delay Securty ssues??? M l p M l T l p R R R ) ( ) ( 2 ) ( M l p l f T l p R R R u ) ( ) ( 2 ) (

35 Feb Proposed Measures: Safety Fatalty (S F ): umber of fatalty per TMR Iury rate (S I ): umber of ures per TMR Property damage (S p ) cost per TMR Accdet detecto ad respose effcecy fluece the outcomes of accdets but they are already covered by moblty ad relablty. R R F l p F S ) ( ) ( R R I l p I S ) ( ) ( R R p l p D S ) ( ) (

36 Feb Proposed Measures: Evromet Impact Trasportato related pollutats released (P): Tos of moble source emssos from trasportato systems per TMR Commuty lvablty (L): Percet of people affected by trasportato systems ose or other ssues? R R l p po P ) ( ) (

37 Proposed Measures: Drect Cost Effcecy The drect cost cludes vehcle operato cost costructo operato mateace ad dsposal cost for trasportato facltes Vehcle Operato Cost (VC): vehcle operato cost maly cludes cost of fuel cosumpto cost for vehcle surace cost for vehcle mateace cost for vehcle agg per TMR ad other cost. VC ( ) R ( GC VI VM VA VO ) p ( ) R Trasportato Faclty Cost (FC): the cost of trasportato faclty per TMR. (moey flow dagram ad terest ssues) l M 5M 5M 5M 5M 15M 5M 10M 50M 50M Feb

38 Proposed Measures: Ecoomc Growth Trasportato system vestmet ca mprove busess sale ad employmet of the rego Ecoomc growth (EG): the drect busess sale creasg drectly caused by oe mllo dollar trasportato vestmet whch cludes tal captal vestmet ad operatg ad mateace vestmet. EG TEG TI Regoal Employmet Improvemet (J): Number of ob year opportutes created by a trasportato system per 1 mllo dollar vestmet. Feb

39 Work Pla Further modfy metrcs for freght trasportato Ivestgate data avalablty for calculatg metrcs Study the calculato procedures for the metrcs A case study to demostrate the usage of proposed performace measuremet system Feb

40 Questos ad Aswers Thaks Feb