Background. Military aviation and runway incursions. EAPPRI and military. Conclusion

Transcription

1 Appedix I Guidace for Joit-Use Civil/Military Aerodromes Backgroud Military aviatio ad ruway icursios EAPPRI ad military Coclusio Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0 I1

2 Appedix I Guidace for Joit-Use Civil/Military Aerodromes Backgroud Oe approach to icreasig airport capacity, as demostrated by a umber of ew low-cost aircraft operators, is to operate from joit-use aerodromes. I additio joit-use aerodromes may be used for the traiig/flight checkig of airlie pilots or as bases for techical ad test flights. There are already umerous joit-use aerodromes, hostig differet types of military aviatio withi ECAC. A umber of air forces share aerodrome facilities with civil etities accommodatig traffic which is both military ad civil, domestic ad iteratioal. To support overseas operatios, the military, very ofte as a part of multiatioal operatios, use civil aerodrome facilities either as short-term refuellig stop aerodromes or as temporary bases. The regulatory positio varies from State to State. There is o agreed pa-europea defiitio of a joit-use aerodrome; actual use differs amog the States. However, ameded the Europea Uio Regulatio (EC) 216/2008 i the field of aerodromes, air traffic maagemet ad air avigatio service refers to the military (i particular, equipmet, ad orgaisatios that are cotrolled by the military 1 ). Member States shall, as far as practicable, esure that ay military facilities ope to public use, (aerodrome or part therefore) or services provided by military persoel to the public (ATM/ANS), offer a level of safety that is at least as effective as that required by the essetial requiremets of the Europea Uio. Military aviatio ad ruway icursios The military aviatio commuity is ot immue from ruway icursios. EUROCONTROL collects ruway icursio reports o a yearly basis. The operatioal data collected sice 2006 cofirms the ivolvemet of military aircraft i ruway icursios withi the ECAC area. The reports verify the military aircraft s ivolvemet regardless of types of operatios ad types of flight rules. Military persoel ca therefore cotribute to the prevetio of ruway icursios. Like all staff operatig o the maoeuvrig area, military persoel, eed to be aware of the potetial hazards. ICAO Aex 13 defies resposibility for the ivestigatio of ruway icursios ivolvig civilia assets/persos. The reportig of ruway icursios i civil aviatio is madated for EU members 5. The prevetio / ivestigatio / reportig of ruway icursios ivolvig oly military is a state resposibility. I accordace with ESARR 2, 6 reportig is madated for the military i all occurreces where: Civil Air Traffic Services is providig service to military aircraft, ad Military Air Traffic Services ad/or Air Defece are providig service to civil aircraft. I additio, the EUROCONTROL Guidelies Supportig the Civil Use of Military Aerodromes (CUMA) highlights the key istitutioal, legal, fiacial, techical ad operatioal issues. CUMA proposes a set of recommedatios to support the atioal decisio makig process. For the purposes of this documet, a joit-use aerodrome is either a civil aerodrome used regularly by military traffic or a military aerodrome used regularly by civil traffic. A aerodrome (ICAO term) ad a airfield (military term) should be cosidered as syoyms. 1 - See Article 1 of (EC) 216/ FAA Ruway Safety Report, FY 2000 FY Australia Trasport Safety Bureau, Ruway Icursios: 1997 to 2003 (Jue 2004). 4 - Directorate of Flight Safety, Caada, Departmet of Natioal Defece Tred ad Aalysis Report: Ruway Icursios Directive 2003/42/EC of the Europea Parliamet ad of the Coucil of 13 Jue 2003 o occurrece reportig i civilia aviatio [Official Joural L 167/23 of ]. 6 - EUROCONTROL Safety ATM Regulatory Requiremets. I2 Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0

3 EAPPRI ad military I respect of the applicatio of EAPPRI recommedatios, the military should be ivolved as: 1. Aerodrome Operator There are three mai areas at aerodromes where civil ad military operatios iteract: the apro, the maoeuvrig area ad approach/termial airspace. Regulator: military aviatio authority (MAA) or equivalet atioal regulatory body; Aerodrome operator: military aerodrome ad military uit co-located with a civilia aerodrome; There are joit-use aerodromes where oe aerodrome operator (civil or military) is wholly resposible for maoeuvrig area operatios. There are also joit-use aerodromes where more the oe aerodrome operator is resposible for a specific segmet of the aerodrome movemet area 7. ANSP: where the military provides aerodrome air traffic services to civil airspace users; Aircraft operator: military aircraft operator based/operatig at joit use aerodromes, i.e. where the aerodrome operator is civilia ad the Air Traffic Services provider is civilia. Note that for some States there is oe regulator resposible for all ATM matters, civil ad military, ad i others there may be two regulators with discrete civil or military resposibilities. With the support of civil ad military stakeholders, EURO- CONTROL has idetified some specific factors causig ad cotributig to ruway icursios at joit-use aerodromes, by collectig experieces o a volutary basis. The curret EAPPRI recommedatios have bee reviewed i the light of the eeds of joit-use aerodromes ad recommedatios for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios at Joit-Use Aerodromes developed. To clarify roles ad resposibilities, oe of the aerodrome operators should take the lead i the coordiatio of the applicatio of EAPPRI recommedatios. Whe implemetig CUMA, the civil aerodrome operator should verify ad assess differeces betwee the existig services ad ifrastructure ad the related ICAO provisios; such differeces should be otified by meas of Aeroautical Iformatio. 8 The civil ad/or military aerodrome regulator may perform the task of re-certifyig a aerodrome, ad may clarify roles ad resposibilities. 2. Oe aerodrome two authorities Oe characteristic of joit-use aerodromes is the resposibility of two regulatory ad supervisory authorities, oe civil ad oe military. Although differet States have differet relatioships betwee their military ad civil regulators, military authorities are i most cases idepedet of their respective civil aviatio authorities (CAAs). I certai cases, as a cosequece, two auditig / oversight authorities perform audits at the same aerodrome idepedetly. There is a opportuity to perform a coordiated ispectio/audit ad propose commo coclusios ad recommedatios. 7 - That part of a aerodrome iteded for the surface movemet of aircraft, icludig the maoeuvrig area ad apros. 8 - EUROCONTROL Guidelies Supportig the Civil Use of Military Aerodromes. 3. Mixed Type of flight Joit-use aerodromes facilitate both types of flights, civil ad military. The majority of applicable ICAO provisios are idetical, although differeces may be foud regardig procedures for formatio flyig or other military fuctios. The applicatio of differet types of procedure could create cofusio durig aerodrome operatios. Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0 I3

4 Appedix I - Guidace for Joit-Use Civil/Military Aerodromes For istace, durig surface movemet, a formatio of aircraft is cosidered as a sigle aircraft i terms of right-ofway. Whe a idividual aircraft ad a formatio are o a covergig course, a formatio of aircraft should be treated as oe etity. At preset, the applicatio of mixed aerodrome operatios requires a safety assessmet by each State at each joit-use aerodrome. Timely ad effective coordiatio betwee the various airport etities resposible for groud operatios is importat. Oe of the practices at joit-use aerodromes is regular coordiatio betwee civil ad military etities facilitatig mixed types of operatios. The meas of coordiatio ca rage from a joit civil-military coordiatio body to a liaiso officer assistig with daily coordiatio. I certai cases, the represetative of a flyig uit is preset i the tower durig military operatios. 4. Mixed type of aircraft Civilia pilots may ot be able positively to idetify military aircraft types. ATC istructios ivolvig specific military aircraft types, e.g. Follow F 1, should be avoided. 6. Aerodrome markigs A umber of markigs aroud military aerodromes may be differet from the ICAO stadards. Some of them are outside the movemet area for civil aircraft; however, those which are visible to civil pilots/drivers could lead to pilot or vehicle driver avigatio error. 7. Use of the Ruway lights The techical characteristics ad operatioal procedures for air-groud lightig at joit-use aerodromes may deviate from ICAO Aex 14. The applicatio of differet light-operatig procedures may reduce situatio awareess o or aroud the ruway. 8. Ad hoc allocatio of military uit at civil aerodrome Military pilots ad groud persoel, comig from all aroud the world, may ot be familiar with ICAO flight rules, phraseology, aerodrome sigs, lights ad markigs. They will also be ufamiliar with local aerodrome procedures. Moreover, because of the regular rotatio of military persoel, local familiarisatio traiig is required. 5. Radio equipmet ad procedures Eve though the majority of military aircraft are VHF/UHF radio equipped, military aircraft very ofte operate usig UHF. Civilia aircraft use VHF oly. Simultaeous aerodrome operatios usig differet frequecies are a kow practice at joit-use aerodromes, ad may lead to commuicatio breakdows ad reduced situatio awareess. Special procedures are applied, e.g. TWR/GND trasmissio o both VHF ad UHF frequecies, or cross-coupled VHF ad UHF frequecies. Military pilots ad cotrollers may use o-stadard ICAO phraseology. Very ofte, a domestic laguage is i use at joit-use aerodromes. There are also istaces i which approved R/T phraseology meas differet thigs to civil ad military pilots. Both practices could cause a breakdow i commuicatio ad reduce situatio awareess. I4 Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0

5 Coclusio Military aviatio is ot immue from ruway icursios. Military persoel ca therefore cotribute to the prevetio of ruway icursios. Oe way of achievig appropriate awareess is through participatio i a local ruway safety team. Eve though the majority of ICAO recommedatios are directly applicable, there are some particular poits with regard to joit-use aerodromes covered by EAPPRI oly. The civil ad military authorities resposible for flight safety at the aerodrome should idetify the potetial risk regardig the uauthorised use of the ruway ad other portios of the maoeuvrig area ad implemet measures to prevet evets resultig i potetial or actual ruway icursios. States may cosider implemetig recommedatios ad guidace material idetified i EAPRRI for their applicatio at joit-use aerodromes. Referece - Australia Trasport Safety Bureau, Ruway Icursios: 1997 to 2003 (Jue 2004) - Directive 2003/42/EC of the Europea Parliamet ad of the Coucil of 13 Jue 2003 o occurrece reportig i civilia aviatio [Official Joural L 167/23 of ] - Directorate of Flight Safety, Caada, Departmet of Natioal Defece Tred ad Aalysis Report: Ruway Icursios Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios; Editio EUROCONTROL Guidelies Supportig the Civil Use of Military Aerodromes; Editio EUROCONTROL Safety ATM Regulatory Requiremets - FAA Ruway Safety Report, FY 2000 FY ICAO ANNEX 13 - ICAO Doc. 4444, Part IV - Regulatio (EC) 216/2008 Europea Actio Pla for the Prevetio of Ruway Icursios - Editio 2.0 I5