THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

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1 THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS FALL 2017 CHRISTOPHER WREN ASSOCIATION COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY WEEK 4 Dr. George DeRise Professor, Mathematics (retired) Thomas Nelson Community College

CURSE OF TUTANKHAMUN AT THE MOMENT OF LORD CARNARVON'S DEATH, THE LIGHTS WENT OUT IN CAIRO BACK IN ENGLAND HIS DOG, SUSIE, HOWLED AND DIED IN THE SAME INSTANT.

2 CURSE OF TUTANKHAMUN AT THE MOMENT OF LORD CARNARVON'S DEATH, THE LIGHTS WENT OUT IN CAIRO BACK IN ENGLAND HIS DOG, SUSIE, HOWLED AND DIED IN THE SAME INSTANT. ON THE DAY HOWARD CARTER OPENED THE TOMB, HIS PET CANARY WAS SWALLOWED BY A COBRA TEN PEOPLE WHO ENTERED THE TOMB SUPPOSEDLY DIED WITHIN THE NEXT DECADE THERE IS NO INSCRIPTION OF A CURSE ANYWHERE IN THE TOMB

3 CARTER - CARNARVON SCANDAL PROOF THAT THEY ENTERED THE TOMB ILLEGALLY CARTER NO. VS. BURTON NO. OPENING TO BURIAL CHAMBER UNPUBLISHED LETTER LADY EVELYN TO CARTER OBJECT LUCAS SAW NOTES PUBLISHEDIN JOURNAL 1947

4 OBJECTS SAID TO HAVE BEEN TAKEN BY HOWARD CARTER

10 THE MUMMY OF TUTANKHAMUN BBC 2017

11 18TH DYNASTY C BC 19TH DYNASTY C BC AHMOSE I AMENHOTEP I C THUTMOSE I C THUTMOSE II C QUEEN HATSHEPSUT C THUTMOSE III C AMENHOTEP II C THUTMOSE IV AMENHOTEP III C AMENHOTEP IV/AKHENATEN C SMENKHKARE C.1334 TUTANKHAMUN C AY C HOREMHEB C RAMSES I C SETI I C RAMSES II C MERNEPTAH C AMENMES C SETI II C MERNEPTAH SIPTAH C QUEEN TWOSRET C

TEMPLE SETI 1 ABYDOS DYNASTY 19: 1294-1279 BC Temple de Sethy I

12 TEMPLE SETI 1 ABYDOS DYNASTY 19: BC Temple de Sethy I à Abydos Osirisnet Le temple de Sethy AbydosSethy Fr. Engl. Fr.

13 TEMPLE SETI 1 ABYDOS - SECOND HYPOSTYLE HALL

14 THE SEVEN CHAPELS CHAPEL OF ISIS

15 TEMPLE SETI 1 - ABYDOS KING S LIST

16 RAMESES II RAMESSES II BC

17 BATTLE OF KADESH MAY 1274 BC RAMESSES II VS. HITTITE MUWATALLI II EGYPT: FOUR DIVISIONS: AMUN, RE, SETH, PTAH DIVISIONS 20,000 MEN HATTI: 50,000 MEN OUTCOME?? RELIEF - ABU SIMBEL TEMPLE

18 KADESH PEACE AGREEMENT: EARLIEST PEACE AGREEMENT ON RECORD SAME TREATY-TWO VERSIONS. ONE IN CUNEIFORM, OTHER IN HIEROGLYPHS YEAR 21, FIRST MONTH OF WINTER, DAY 21 UNDER THE MAJESTY OF THE KING OF UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT USERMAARA-SETEPENRA SON OF RA,RAMESSE-MI-AMON

19 GREAT HYPOSTYLE HALL RAMESES II

20 TEMPLE OF RAMESES II AT ABU SIMBEL PHOTO 1851, UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN

21 TEMPLE OF RAMESES II AT ABU SIMBEL BC

22 TEMPLE OF RAMESES II AT ABU SIMBEL GREAT ROYAL WIFE NOFRETARY AT HIS SIDE

23 TEMPLE OF HATHOR AND NOFRETARY - ABU SIMBEL

24 UNESCO NUBIAN RESCUE

MIGHTY, AND DESPAIR!' NOTHING BESIDE REMAINS.

25 THE RAMESSEUM AND ON THE PEDESTAL THESE WORDS APPEAR: 'MY NAME IS OZYMANDIAS, KING OF KINGS: LOOK ON MY WORKS, YE MIGHTY, AND DESPAIR!' NOTHING BESIDE REMAINS. ROUND THE DECAY OF THAT COLOSSAL WRECK, BOUNDLESS AND BARE PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY

26 THE WHITE QUEEN MERYTAMUN GREAT ROYAL WIFE OF RAMESSES II

27 LADY HENUTMEHIT c BC

28 FROM THE TOMB OF LADY HENUTMEHIT THE LADY S SHABTY BOX AND SHABTYS

29 TOMB KV5 SONS OF RAMESES II LARGEST TOMB IN THE VALLEY OF THE KINGS TOTAL LENGTH: 1454FT STILL UNDER EXCAVATION SO FAR REVEALED 121 CORRIDORS AND CHAMBERS. LIKELY THAT THE NUMBER OF CHAMBERS WILL INCREASE TO 150 OR MORE PILLARED CHAMBER 3 IS THE LARGEST CHAMBER OF ANY TOMB IN KV

30 RAMESES III FIRST WORKERS STRIKE RAMESES III DYNASTY 20, C BC

31 RAMESES III: HAREM CONSPIRACY RAMESES III, Dynasty 20, c BC

32 PIERRE MONTET, 1939 TOMB OF PSUSENNES I 21 ST DYNASTY TANIS BC

THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD 1069 747 BC LADY

33 THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD BC LADY TJENTKERERSHERIT THE YOUNGER BC DYN 22 (LIBYAN) BC

34 TWENTY-SECOND DYNASTY BUBASTITE-LIBYAN DYNASTY TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTY -NUBIAN DYNASTY SHABAKA TAHARQA SHABAKA c. 700 BC

36 ALEXANDER THE GREAT BC CONQUERED EGYPT 332 BC PRONOUNCED THE SON OF AMUN (PHARAOH) BY THE ORACLE OF SIWA OASIS IN THE LIBYAN DESERT DIED 323 BC

37 REIGN OF THE PTOLEMIES BC HELLENISTIC MACEDONIAN FAMILY WHICH RULED EGYPT B.C. PTOLEMY, ONE OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT'S GENERALS WAS APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF EGYPT AFTER ALEXANDER'S DEATH IN 323 B.C. HE DECLARED HIMSELF KING PTOLEMY I, LATER KNOWN AS "SOTER" (SAVIOR). FIRST TRANSLATION OF THE HEBREW BIBLE INTO GREEK, SEPTUAGINT- PTOLEMY II ( BC). ROSETTA STONE - PTOLEMY V EPIPHANES. TRANSFORMED ALEXANDRIA INTO A LEADING CULTURAL CENTER. THE ALEXANDRIA LIBRARY, EUCLID; LIGHTHOUSE TEMPLES: HORUS AT EDFU ISIS AT PHILAE HATHOR AT DENDERA CLEOPATRA VII - LAST IMPORTANT PTOLEMY.

38 TEMPLE OF HORUS AT EDFU

39 TEMPLE OF HORUS AT EDFU

40 TEMPLE OF ISIS AT PHILAE

41 TEMPLE OF ISIS AT PHILAE 1960

42 TEMPLE OF ISIS AT PHILAE DESCRIPTION DE L EGYPTE VIEW FROM THE PORTICO OF THE GREAT TEMPLE

43 NUBIANS IN FRONT OF TEMPLE OF DENDUR, PHOTO c. 1868

44 TEMPLE OF DENDUR METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART NEW YORK

45 MET, N.Y. TEMPLE OF DENDUR CARTOUCHES OF AUGUSTUS CAESAR

46 TEMPLE OF HATHOR AT DENDERA

48 DESCRIPTION DE L EGYPTE VOL IV - PL 12

49 TEMPLE OF HATHOR AT DENDERA - ASTRONOMICAL CEILING

50 TEMPLE OF HATHOR AT DENDERA ASTRONOMICAL CEILING SOPDET AND SAHU (SIRIUS AND ORION)

51 TEMPLE OF HATHOR AT DENDERA - ASTRONOMICAL CEILING ZODIAC-TAURUS THE BULL

52 TEMPLE OF HATHOR AT DENDERA ZODIAC

53 TEMPLE OF HATHOR AT DENDERA CLEOPATRA AND CAESARION CLEOPATRA VII 69 BC-30 BC

56 THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS SOME ASPECTS OF THEIR ART PAINTING VIEW, THE CANON CONSERVATIVE REGISTERS- HIERARCHY OF SCALE SYMMETRY HIEROGLYPHS SOME ART NOT MEANT TO BE SEEN

57 HUMAN FIGURE- THE EGYPTIAN CANON

58 TOMB OF DEN c.3000b.c. TEMPLE HORUS- EDFU 230 B.C. RAMESES III c B.C.

59 AMENEMHAT III DYNASTY BC

60 I have been roasting since the beginning of time. I have never seen the likes of this goose HIEROGLYPHS ARE SOMETIMES ESSENTIAL IN UNDERSTANDING THE ART

61 SCALE OF SIZE, REGISTERS

62 TOMB OF NEBAMUN c B.C. BRITISH MUSEUM

63 ACCURATE RECKONING FOR INQUIRING INTO THINGS, AND THE KNOWLEDGE OF ALL THINGS, MYSTERIES...ALL SECRETS THIS BOOK WAS COPIED IN REGNAL YEAR 33, MONTH 4 OF AKHET UNDER THE MAJESTY OF THE KING OF UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT AWSERRE, GIVEN LIFE (c BC) FROM AN ANCIENT COPY MADE IN THE TIME OF THE KING OF UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT NIMAATRE (c BC) THE SCRIBE AHMOSE WRITES THIS COPY.

64 AREA OF TRIANGLE; mry.t= height or side? tp-r = lit. mouth = base

65 THE CONTENTS OF THE RHIND MATHEMATICAL PAPYRUS PROBLEMS 1-6. DIVISION OF LOAVES AMONG 10 MEN PROBLEMS MULTIPLICATION AND SUBTRACTION PROBLEMS FIRST DEGREE EQUATIONS PROBLEMS ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS PROBLEMS VOLUMES OF RECTANGULAR AND CYLINDRICAL GRANARIES PROBLEM47. HORUS EYE FRACTIONS PROBLEMS AREAS OF TRIANGLES, RECTANGLES,TRAPEZOIDS, CIRCLES π=3.16 PROBLEMS SLOPES, ALTITUDES, BASES OF PYRAMIDS PROBLEM61. TABLES FOR FINDING 2/3 OF UNIT FRACTIONS PROBLEMS PROPORTIONS PROBLEM64. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION PROBLEMS PRACTICAL PROBLEMS, BEER, GRAIN, CATTLE PROBLEM79. GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION PROBLEMS HORUS EYE FRACTIONS PROBLEMS UNCLEAR Example. Problem 40. Divide 100 loaves among 5 men such that the shares received shall be in arithmetic progression and that 1/7 of the sum of the largest three shares shall equal the sum of the smaller two. What is the difference of the shares.

EXAMPLE; 2 1 1 7 4 28 2 1 1 45 24 360 X RECTO OF RHIND PAPYRUS 2 1 1 45 25 225 X 2 1 1 TABLE OF UNIT FRACTIONS; DIVISIONOF 2 BY ODD NUMBERS X 45 27 135 3 TO 101 EXAMPLE; 2 1 1!

66 EXAMPLE; X RECTO OF RHIND PAPYRUS X TABLE OF UNIT FRACTIONS; DIVISIONOF 2 BY ODD NUMBERS X TO 101 EXAMPLE; 2 1 1! X X X X X X ! X X X

67 SACRED GEOMETRY?? TOMB OF RAMESES IX, c. 1100BC THE SACRED TRIANGLE, PI AND THE GOLDEN RATIO

68 TRIANGLE LEVEL EGYPTIAN CUBIT; ROYAL CUBIT IN.

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