GOLDEN AGE A new dynasty of pharaohs came to power Moved the capital to Thebes Started a period of peace and order called The Middle Kingdom Lasted
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5 GOLDEN AGE A new dynasty of pharaohs came to power Moved the capital to Thebes Started a period of peace and order called The Middle Kingdom Lasted from 2055 BCE to 1650 BCE
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8 CONQUESTS Controlled Nubia Expanded to present-day Syria
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11 LAND IMPROVEMENTS Made many improvements Added thousands of acres of farmland Had more irrigation dams and channels to increase crops Constructed a canal between the Nile River and the Red Sea Traders able to send goods by boat through the Red Sea
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15 ART & ARCHITECTURE Thrive during the Middle Kingdom Painters decorated the walls of tombs and temples
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24 SCULPTURES Carved hunting, fishing, and battle scenes on large stone walls
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30 STATUES Of Pharaohs Showing them as humans rather than gods
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33 TOMBS Pharaohs no longer had pyramids built Tombs were cut into limestone cliffs Became known as the Valley of the Kings
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42 Nobles challenged the power of the pharaohs Civil war divided Egypt, ending an era of peace and prosperity Middle Kingdom weakened Outsiders invaded Egypt
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48 From western Asia known as the Hyksos Invaded Egypt Hyksos were powerful warriors Had horse-drawn chariots Fought with sturdy weapons made of bronze and iron Hyksos ruled Egypt for more than a 100 years Egyptians hated the Hyksos
49 AHMOSE Formed an army Drove out the Hyksos in 1550 BCE
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52 Ahmose founded a new dynasty Started The New Kingdom Lasted from 1550 BCE to 1070 BCE No longer isolated Benefited from spread of goods, ideas, and culture
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57 HATSHEPSUT Became pharaoh after husband s death Dressed in male pharaoh s clothes Wore a false beard Built temples Restored monuments Tomb in the Valley of Kings
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65 GROWTH OF TRADE Hatshepsut more interested in growing trade than starting war Egyptian traders exchanged: Sold: beads, metal tools, and weapons Got: gold, ivory, ebony wood, and incense
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69 Egyptians valued wood products Traded with Phoenicians Lived in present day Lebanon Called Phoenicians Invented alphabet Writing system Trade routes encouraged the spread of goods and ideas Called cultural diffusion
70 TRADE AND POLITICS Egyptians traded: wheat, paper, gold, copper, tin, and tools Phoenicians traded: purple dye, wood, and furniture New Kingdom pharaohs developed political ties Joined by treaty or marriage Babylonian Empire, Mittani Empire, Hittite Empire Exchanged envoys FIRST TIME GROUPS TRIED WORKING TOGETHER TO REACH COMMON GOALS
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73 THUTMOSE III REIGN Was a strong leader and general Expanded Egypt north to the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia Conquered Nubia Empire was wealthy Captured and enslaved many prisoners of war Slavery became common
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76 Amenhotep IV Tried to make dramatic changes Tutankhamen was very young
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79 A RELIGIOUS FOUNDER Amenhotep IV and wife, Nefertiti tried to change Egypt s religion Feared priests were becoming too powerful Felt threatened by their power Tried to change Egypt s religion From polytheism to monotheism
80 Started new religion Worship one god: Aton, the sun god The religion was rejected by most Weakened Egypt Lost most land to invaders Moved the capital to Akhetaton Lost most of its land to outside invaders
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82 KING TUTANKHAMEN Became pharaoh at 10 years old Restored polytheistic religion of many deities ( gods ) Died unexpectedly Ruled ended after only 9 years
83 King Tut s tomb Archaeologist Howard Carter discovered tomb in 1922 Contained the pharaoh s mummy and many treasures including a gold mask
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92 RAMSES II Also called Ramses the Great Most successful of pharaohs Conquered Canaan Fought the Hittites Ramses and the Hittite King signed a peace treaty
93 AGE OF TEMPLES Ramses reigned 66 years Devoted himself to peaceful activities Built the temple of Karnak
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101 After Ramses died, Egypt declined Pharaohs fought costly wars Armies from eastern Mediterranean attacked Egypt In 900 s BCE Libyans conquered Egypt People of Kush seized power In 670 BCE taken over by the Assyrian From Mesopotamia
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