2019 JUNIOR DIVISION SOCIAL STUDIES STUDY GUIDE

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1 2019 JUNIOR DIVISION SOCIAL STUDIES STUDY GUIDE GEOGRAPHY Students and Coaches should be aware of the following aspects of Egypt and the Nile Valley: Areas comprising Upper and Lower Egypt Directional flow of the Nile Main tributaries (branches) of the Nile Source of the Nile s branches The Gifts of the Nile Egypt s Neighbors Major cities in Upper and Lower Egypt Climate of the Nile Valley HISTORY/CHRONOLOGY Teams and Coaches may find the following timeline with dates and important Kings/ Pharaohs helpful. *Note: All dates are approximate and are all B.C.E. For a more detailed timeline please see Wilkinson, pp. xiii-xxi. PREDYNASTIC PERIOD, Lower Egypt Neolithic Farmers Maadi Culture Upper Egypt Badarian Naqada Dynasty O Kings Scorpion Ka EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD, st Dynasty Narmer (Menes)--Upper and Lower Egypt unified 3 rd Dynasty Djoser (Netjerekhet)--Step Pyramid at Saqqara Huni OLD KINGDOM, th Dynasty (Peak period of pyramid building) Sneferu Khufu Djedefra Khafra (Sphinx)

2 5 th Dynasty Userkef Sun Temples Unas Pyramid Texts 6 th Dynasty Pepi II (approximate 85 yr. reign) 8 th Dynasty Royal Authority Declines 1 st INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, th and 10 th Dynasties The Osiris Cult begins 11 th Dynasty The beginning of civil war in Egypt MIDDLE KINGDOM, Mentuhotep II, Egypt is reunited ending the civil war 12 th Dynasty, Golden Age of Literature Amenemhat I, Senusret I, 1918-`1975 Forts along Nubian frontier Amenemhat III, Land reclamation projects in the Fayum Sobekneferu, Female Ruler 13 th Dynasty, Many weak kings over 125 years SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, th Dynasty Weak Kings, Political Unrest, Hyksos Invasion 15 th Dynasty, Hyksos Rule 17 th Dynasty, Seqenera Taa, Fights the Hyksos Kamose, NEW KINGDOM, TH Dynasty, Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose III, Hatshepsut, Amenhotep II, Amenhotep III, Hyksos defeated and driven out of Egypt Begin work on Valley of the Kings Defeat and conquest of Nubia Military ruler, Battle of Megiddo Female Ruler Egypt forms am empire in Eastern Mediterranean Great Theban Monuments

3 Amenhotep IV/Akhenaton, The Amarna Period Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, th Dynasty, Seti I, Ramesses II, Military Conquest (Battle of Kadish), Great Monument Builder Merenptah, Egypt invaded by Libya 20 th Dynasty, Ramessed Dynasty Ramesses III, Fights the Sea People 3 rd INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, ST Dynasty, Egypt Divided 22 nd Dynasty, Shoshenq I, Judah conquered by Egypt Osorkon II, Thebes secedes 23 rd Dynasty, Civil War in Thebes Conquest of Thebes by Kush 25 th Dynasty (Kushite), Piankhi, All of Egypt controlled by Kush Taharqa, Egypt invaded by Assyria LATE PERIOD, th Dynasty, Saite Rulers Thebes once again brought under control Babylonians driven back Greeks establish trading center at Naukratis 27 th Dynasty, Persian Rulers Cambyses I, All of Egypt under Persian Rule Darius I, Canal to Red Sea is built 28 th,29 th,30 th Dynasties Egypt attempts to drive out the Persians 31 st Dynasty, Artaxerxes III, Egypt again under Persian Rule Macedonian Dynasty, Alexander the Great,

4 PTOLEMAIC PERIOD, Ptolemy I, Ptolemy II, Ptolemy III, Ptolemy VI, Cleopatra VII, Library at Alexandria Pharos lighthouse completed Thebes rebels against Ptolemaic rulers Roman Intervention Relationship with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony Battle of Actium 30 BCE End of Pharaonic Egypt CULTURE Students and Coaches should be prepared to answer questions about: Religion Main Gods and Goddesses Horus Osiris Isis Set Anubis Amun-Ra Aten Funerary and Embalming Customs Social Classes Role and Treatment of Women in Egyptian Society Economics/Trade Teams may find the following maps helpful in their preparation for the competition: The first map is from Wikipedia, Ancient Egypt The next map is from of ancient Egypt

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