Preview Copy. splash publications. common. core standards. grades 3-7

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1 Mountain States Unit splash publications State History Lessons By Amy Headley and Victoria Smith literacy based core standards common core standards grades -7

2 THE LESSON PLAN Before reading Colorado, students will: complete Vocabulary Cards for abandoned, adobe, archaeologists, artifacts, bison, capital, capitol, captive, cavalry, centennial, Civil War, colonies, convinced, cultural, culture, defeated, defend, depleted, descendants, disputes, drought, dunes, dwellings, elevation, eroded, federal, fossilized, founded, Gadsden Purchase, geologists, gorge, habitats, historians, ignored, independence, investigate, keelboats, livestock, Mexican War, military, monuments, motto, nomadic, North America, pioneers, plains, prairie, prehistoric, preserves, providence, quarries, raiding, reservation, sea level, species, summit, surrendered, suspension bridge, treaty, yucca. After reading Colorado, students will: answer Colorado Reading Comprehension Questions. complete Colorado Language Skills Exercise. use number coordinates to plot Colorado s points of interest on a map. research the lesson to complete a Colorado time line. create a personal time line. follow written directions to construct a miniature Pueblo dwelling. take a Vocabulary Quiz for Colorado. THE LESSON COVERS THESE 5TH GRADE CORE STANDARDS: CC.5.RI.4, CC.5.RI.7, CC.5.RI.10, CC.5.RF.A, CC.5.RF.4A, CC.5.RF.4C, CC.5.W.7, CC.5.L.4A, CC.5.L.4C, CC.5.L.6

3 THE LESSON PLAN Before reading Idaho, students will: complete Vocabulary Cards for barley, blacksmith, border, Congress, craters, economy, erupted, expedition, extinct, fertile, flint, fossils, geysers, glacier, gristmill, inhabitants, irrigate, lava, mammal, mammoths, mission, missionaries, publish, reduced, reptiles, steamboat, syringa, unique, veto, western hemisphere. After reading Idaho, students will: answer Idaho Reading Comprehension Questions. complete Idaho Language Skills Exercise. use cardinal and intermediate directions to plot national points of interest on a Mountain States map. take a Vocabulary Quiz for Idaho. THE IDAHO LESSON COVERS THESE 5TH GRADE CORE STANDARDS: CC.5.RI.4, CC.5.RI.7, CC.5.RI.10, CC.5.RF.A, CC.5.RF.4A, CC.5.RF.4C, CC.5.L.4A, CC.5.L.4C, CC.5.L.6 Idaho 200-Revised 2010

4 THE LESSON PLAN Before reading Montana, students will: complete Vocabulary Cards for addicted, allies, ammunition, climate, criminals, elected, financial, harsh, interpreter, minerals, outnumbered, pelts, rumors, saloons, theory, tourist, trespassers, ventured, violated. After reading Montana, students will: answer Montana Reading Comprehension Questions. complete Montana Language Skills Exercise. read about Famous People: Mountain Men. use a graphic organizer to write a Mountain Man story. take a Vocabulary Quiz for Montana. THE MONTANA LESSON COVERS THESE 5TH GRADE CORE STANDARDS: CC.5.RI.4, CC.5.RI.7, CC.5.RI.10, CC.5.RF.A, CC.5.RF.4A, CC.5.RF.4C, CC.5.L.4A, CC.5.L.4C, CC.5.L.6 Montana 200-Revised 2010

5 THE LESSON PLAN Before reading Nevada, students will: complete Vocabulary Cards for alpine, ambushed, arid, constitution, debts, desolate, diameter, disrupted, domesticated, enforcing, inland, Mormons, mountainous, Pony Express, prospectors, pyramid, rejected, republic, revenge, revolt, sagebrush, Texas Revolution, urged. After reading Nevada, students will: answer Nevada Reading Comprehension Questions. complete Nevada Language Skills Exercise. use letter pairs to complete Nevada Grid Math. take a Vocabulary Quiz for Nevada. THE NEVADA LESSON COVERS THESE 5TH GRADE CORE STANDARDS: CC.5.RI.4, CC.5.RI.7, CC.5.RI.10, CC.5.RF.A, CC.5.RF.4A, CC.5.RF.4C, CC.5.L.4A, CC.5.L.4C, CC.5.L.6 Nevada 200-Revised 2010

6 THE LESSON PLAN Before reading Utah, students will: complete Vocabulary Cards for canals, completion, denied, factories, ice age, immigrants, industries, migrated militia, nationalities, persecuted, petitioned, profitable, restore, sawmills, secure, tanneries, transcontinental. After reading Utah, students will: answer Utah Reading Comprehension Questions. complete Utah Language Skills Exercise. use a scale ruler to measure the distance traveled by the railroads in the Mountain states. put a puzzle together showing the route traveled by the railroads through the Mountain states. create a map and use a scale ruler to measure the distance traveled from home to the video store. take a Vocabulary Quiz for Utah. THE UTAH LESSON COVERS THESE 5TH GRADE CORE STANDARDS: CC.5.RI.4, CC.5.RI.7, CC.5.RI.10, CC.5.RF.A, CC.5.RF.4A, CC.5.RF.4C, CC.5.W.7, CC.5.W.10, CC.5.L.4A, CC.5.L.4C, CC.5.L.6 Utah 200-Revised 2010

7 THE LESSON PLAN Before reading Wyoming, students will: complete Vocabulary Cards for appointed, archaeologists, colonists, convince, dedicated, defeated, equality, Europeans, extend, expedition, fertile, manufacturing, mission, participants, pastures, prehistoric, preserves, raided, timber, treaties. After reading Wyoming, students will: answer Wyoming Reading Comprehension Questions. complete Wyoming Language Skills Exercise. research the lesson to create the game Find the Fib. NOTE: You will need to make 4 copies of the Find the Fib cards for each student. take a Vocabulary Quiz for Wyoming. THE WYOMING LESSON COVERS THESE 5TH GRADE CORE STANDARDS: CC.5.RI.4, CC.5.RI.7, CC.5.RI.10, CC.5.RF.A, CC.5.RF.4A, CC.5.RF.4C, CC.5.W.7, CC.5.L.4A, CC.5.L.4C, CC.5.L.6 Wyoming 200-Revised 2010

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9 FAST FACTS Colorado, the Centennial State, is one of six Mountain states located in the Western United States. The nickname was given to Colorado because it became a state 100 years after the United States signed the Declaration of Independence. Colorado is a Spanish word that means reddish MONTANA colored. This name was used by Spanish explorers after they saw the Colorado River. The Colorado River begins in north-central Colorado. It provides an important source of water to the desert states IDAHO southwest of Colorado. WYOMING The elevation of many areas within Colorado reach more than a mile above sea level. This makes Colorado the highest state in the NEVADA UTAH Union. Denver is Colorado s capital and largest city. It is nicknamed the Mile High City because the 1th step in the state capitol building is one mile above sea level. Denver was once a gold mining town. Now it has developed into a business and cultural area in Colorado. The state bird of Colorado is the Lark Bunting. The state flower is the Rocky Mountain Columbine, and the state tree is the Colorado Blue Spruce. Colorado s motto is Nothing Without Providence. Colorado s state flower, the Rocky Mountain Columbine, is white and lavender. It is illegal to pick more than 25 of these flowers in one day. The Blue Spruce was first discovered on Pikes Peak. Colorado s state animal is the Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep. These sheep are only found in the Rocky Mountains. 1 MONTANA Montana, the Treasure State, is one of the Mountain states located in the Western United States. Montana s nickname comes from its great wealth of minerals, forests, and grazing lands. Montana has also been called the Bonanza State because of its grazing lands. Big Sky Country State has been used to describe Montana s wide open spaces. MONTANA The Native Americans in Montana nicknamed the state Land of the Shining Mountains. This nickname is in honor of the Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountains cut through Montana from the IDAHO northeast corner to the southeast corner of the WYOMING state. The total area of Montana is 147,046 square miles. This size makes Montana the NEVADA UTAH fourth largest state in the nation. Although the Rocky Mountains are the most popular feature of Montana, most of Montana is part of the Great Plains. This is where the land is flat and without trees. The capital of Montana is Helena. In 1805, Helena was first visited by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. In 1864, gold was discovered in Helena. Today, Helena is a financial and transportation center for nearby farms and mining towns. The state bird of Montana is the Western Meadowlark. The state flower is the Bitterroot, and the state tree is the Ponderosa Pine. Montana s motto is Gold and Silver. Idaho 200-Revised 2010 FAST FACTS IDAHO Idaho, the Gem State, is one of six Mountain states located in the Western United States. Native Americans called Idaho a word that means gem of the mountains. This is how Idaho became known as the Gem State. Idaho is also called the Panhandle State. This MONTANA is because the handle of Idaho stretches to the country of Canada. The Potato State has also been used as a nickname for Idaho. This nickname is in honor of Idaho s leading crop, the potato. IDAHO WYOMING Most of central and northern Idaho is covered by the Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountains are a chain of mountain ranges that sweep across the western part of the United States NEVADA UTAH from New Mexico to Canada. The southern region of Idaho is covered by the Snake River Plain. This is a wide area of land with no trees and plenty of farmland. Idaho s capital and largest city is Boise (BOY zee). Boise is located on the Boise River in the southwestern part of the state. Boise is an important city because it organizes the nation s fire fighters to battle wildfires all over the United States. The state bird of Idaho is the Mountain Bluebird. The state flower is the Syringa (suh RIN guh), and the state tree is the Western White Pine. Idaho s motto is It is Forever. The Idaho seal is the only state seal in the United States designed by a woman. Ghost Towns in Idaho include Silver City, Yankee Fork, Gold Dredge, and the Sierra Silver Mine. 11 NEVADA Nevada, the Sagebrush State, is one of six Mountain states located in the Western United States. Nevada is a Spanish word for snow covered. This name was chosen because of the Sierra Nevada. The Sierra Nevada is a mountain range shared by Nevada and California. It remains snow covered for most of the MONTANA year. Nevada also lies within the Great Basin. The Great Basin is an arid region between the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains. Sagebrush grows IDAHO in the Great Basin. This is the reason for Nevada s WYOMING nickname, the Sagebrush State. Nevada has also been nicknamed the Silver State because of its many silver mines. The Battle Born State has been used to describe NEVADA UTAH Nevada because it became a state during the Civil War. Carson City is the capital of Nevada. In 1851, Carson City was founded as a stop for wagons and stagecoaches passing over the Sierra Nevada mountain Range. It was named for the famous American mountain man, Kit Carson. Today, Carson City is a town with gambling casinos, Old West ghost towns, and abandoned gold and silver mines. The state bird of Nevada is the Mountain Bluebird. The state flower is the Sagebrush, and the state tree is the Single-leaf Piñon (PIN yahn). Nevada s motto is All for Our Country. FAST FACTS Nevada s state fossil is the Ichthyosaur (IK thee uh sohr). The world s only complete skeleton of this ancient sea reptile is located in Nevada. Ichthyosaurs grew 60 feet in length and their eyes were 12 inches in diameter. Montana 200-Revised Nevada 200-Revised

10 ELEVEN MILE STATE PARK 25 Name S POINTS OF INTEREST MAPPING: MOUNTAIN STATES Geography is the study of the Earth. It includes the Earth s land, water, weather, animal life, and plant life. Geographers are people who study geography. You can think of yourself as a geographer because you will be studying about places in the Mountain states. Location is important to the study of geography. It is almost impossible to figure out your location or find your way around if you do not know the four main, or cardinal directions. North, south, east, and west are the cardinal directions. On a map these directions are labeled N, S, E, and W. N NW W SW S Compass Rose Between the four main directions are the intermediate directions. Northeast, or NE, is the direction between north and east. Southeast, or SE, is the direction between south and east. Southwest, or SW, is the direction between south and west. Northwest, or NW, is the direction between north and west. A reference point is also important for finding your location. A reference point is simply a starting point. It s difficult, for example, to travel east if you don t have a starting point. NE SE E 1 Name A time line is a tool used to list dates and events in the order that they happened. The time line below lists the dates of many important events in Colorado s history. Notice that many of the events are missing Sand Creek Massacre forced Native Americans out of Colorado. 26 Zebulon Pike tried to climb Colorado s Grand Peak. Part I Directions: In the first part of this activity, you will use your information about Colorado to fill in the missing events on the time line. Since you were not present for any of these events, this time line would be considered a secondary source. 1. Use your scissors to carefully cut out each missing event. Cut along the dotted line. 2. Use your information about Colorado to glue the events in their proper order on the time line above. Spanish explorers claimed Colorado for Spain. Gold was The Treaty of discovered in Colorado near downtown Denver. Colorado became the 8th state to join the Union. Robert La Salle claimed Colorado for France. 8. Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument preserves the 1876 battle between General George Custer s American soldiers and Chief Crazy Horse s Cheyenne and Sioux warriors. George Custer and more than 200 of his soldiers died during the Battle of Little Bighorn. Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument is northeast of Yellowstone. 9. Death Valley is shared by two states and covers more than three million acres. Death Valley is home to the lowest and hottest place in the western hemisphere. In and around the park, visitors can travel to several ghost towns that were once filled with people who mined for silver, gold, and copper. Death Valley is southwest of Great Basin. 10. Capitol Reef stretches across 78 square miles and preserves about 75 miles of the Waterpocket Fold. The Waterpocket Fold is a wrinkle in the Earth s crust that looks like step-shaped rock layers. Hundreds of mammals live in the park, including several species of bats. Capitol Reef is north of Zion. 11. Glacier (GLAY sher) provides over one million acres of protection for a variety of wildlife and wild flowers. Glacier is northwest of Helena. 12. Arches features some of the most unusual sandstone formations in the world. More than 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the famous Delicate Arch, can be seen within Arches. Arches is southeast of Capitol Reef and northwest of Black Canyon of the Gunnison. Guadalupe- Hidalgo gave Colorado to the United States. Example: Great Basin preserves the unique type of wildlife found only in the Great Basin region. Badgers, mountain lions, bobcats, elk, bighorn sheep, and many types of birds and reptiles can be found in Great Basin. Great Basin is east of Carson City. This example gives you some very important information. It tells you that your reference point, or starting point, will be the city of Carson City. Locate Carson City on your Mountain states map. Put your finger on Carson City and slide it east. You should see a picture of Great Basin already placed there for you. Great Sand Dunes Fort Laramie National Historic Site Grand Teton Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument Mesa Verde Zion Black Canyon of the Gunnison Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument Death Valley Arches Glacier Capitol Reef Idaho 200-Revised Idaho 200-Revised

11 MOUNTAIN STATES Compass Rose Carson City Idaho 200-Revised 2010 Boise GREAT BASIN NATIONAL PARK Helena YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 2 Cheyenne Denver Have you ever wondered what it would have been like to live back in the 1800s, and explore Oregon Country like famous mountain men John C. Frémont and Kit Carson? In this activity, you will travel back in time and write a story about when Oregon Country was an unsettled and dangerous place to explore. Directions: Name MOUNTAIN MAN STORY Before beginning your story, organize your thoughts by answering the five questions below. Write your rough draft on separate paper and have it edited. Make sure you include all of the details from the five questions you answered. Write your final draft on the special paper provided by your teacher. Attach extra paper if you need more space. Be prepared to read your story aloud to the rest of the class! 1. Describe who you were and what you looked like. 2. Explain your reason for traveling to Oregon Country.. Describe the kinds of danger you faced along your journey. 4. How did you survive in a place where Native American attacks were so common? 5. Will we read about you someday? If so, how did you become famous? You have just finished learning about Colorado s first people. In this activity, you will make a miniature dwelling like Colorado s Pueblo peoples once made. 1. Color the pueblo patterns. MAKING A PUEBLO DWELLING MATERIALS: Scissors, glue, coloring pencils, and pueblo patterns Cut out the Upper and Lower pueblo patterns along the bold black lines. It is very important that you do not cut off the bold black lines. Montana 200-Revised Montana 200-Revised

12 Grid Math is a fun way to learn an important skill. Grids are used to find places on maps, to track weather patterns, and in space exploration. For Example: Nevada 200-Revised 2010 If you want to draw a box where D meets C (D,C), you would go over to D and up to C, and draw the box in that space. On a map or an atlas, (D,C) may be the place where you would find the name of a city. D C B A A B C D Directions: In this activity, you will use a grid system to put together a puzzle that should remind you of a Nevada state symbol. You will need the 48 puzzle pieces (some of the puzzle pieces are below and the rest of them are on the next page), and the blank grid. 1. Cut out the puzzle pieces one at a time (cut around the thick black line of the square). Glue that piece in its proper place on the empty grid before cutting out the next piece. Make sure that you do not turn the puzzle piece upside down or turn it on its side before gluing it; the way it looks before you cut it out is the way it should be glued onto the grid. 2. Follow the example above: If the puzzle piece is labeled (D,A), glue that piece in the space where D meets A on the grid by going over to D and up to A.. When you are finished, color in your picture with your coloring pencils. 4. (D,A) has been done for you as an example. 21 During our country s early days, moving people and products from one place to another was a challenge. On May 10, 1869, the United States was finally connected by rail. The railroad stretched,500 miles from New York to California. A dangerous journey that had once taken pioneers four to six months by covered wagon had been reduced to just six days! The railroad brought many new people to Mountain states like Utah. A map helps us track the movement of the railroad by giving us a small view of a big place. It would be impossible to show,500 miles on a map that sits on your desk or fits on this piece of paper. Map makers use scale rulers to measure the long distances from place to place. The scale ruler below can be used to measure the miles traveled by the railroad in Utah and the rest of the Mountain states. Each line on the ruler represents 10 miles traveled by the railroad. Every ten lines on the ruler equals 100 miles. The 100-mile lines on the ruler have been clearly labeled. Laying the ruler along the railroad track drawn on a map will show you the distance traveled without ever leaving your classroom! MEASURING USING A SCALE RULER: To measure the railroad track using the scale ruler, place the ruler as shown above. Make sure you line up the end of the ruler with the end of the railroad track. Since we are measuring in miles, this part of the railroad track measures 180 miles. THEN Measure the railroad using the scale ruler by placing the ruler as shown above. This part of the railroad track measures 160 miles. Add both measurements to get the entire length of the railroad track. 180 miles miles equals 40 miles. The railroad track is 40 miles long! This is just one example of a scale ruler. The map maker decides the distance that will be represented on the ruler. On some maps, for example, each line on a ruler might represent 10 feet, 50 miles, or 1,000 kilometers. H G F E D C B A Nevada 200-Revised 2010 A B C D E F PART ONE: MEASURE THE DISTANCE In the first part of this activity, you will measure distances using a scale ruler. Directions: Cut out the scale ruler from the first page. (Be careful when cutting out the ruler. Make sure you don t cut off the front of the ruler because this will affect your measurements.) Measure the distance in miles that the railroad traveled in each Mountain state in Idaho has been done for you. IDAHO 1. Using your scale ruler, measure the distance the Northern Pacific Railroad traveled through Idaho. WORK SPACE: ANSWER: miles 2. Using your scale ruler, measure the distance the Santa Fe Railroad traveled through Colorado. WORK SPACE: NEVADA 2. Using your scale ruler, measure the distance the Central Pacific Railroad traveled through Nevada. WORK SPACE: ANSWER: ANSWER: Utah 200-Revised Utah 200-Revised

13 You have just finished reading about Wyoming, one of the six Mountain states. In this activity, you will collect facts about Wyoming to make a game called Find the Fib. Directions: 1. Use your scissors to cut apart the Find the Fib cards given to you by your teacher. You will need 20 cards. 2. Neatly color the picture of Wyoming on each card.. Use the information you have read about Wyoming, encyclopedias, books in the library, the Internet, and other sources to find 15 true facts about Wyoming. 4. Write each fact on a separate card. Try to fit the whole fact on one side of the card. 5. Make up 5 false facts, or fibs about Wyoming. Make the fib as believable as possible so that it can t be easily seen as a fib. 6. Write each fib on a separate card, just like you did with the true facts. Again, try to fit the whole fib on one side of the card. 7. Mix and shuffle all of the cards together, so the true facts and fibs are mixed together. 8. Number the cards Make an answer key for yourself so you will know which cards are the true facts and which cards are the fibs. 10. Give your cards to 2 or other people in the class to see if they can find the true facts and the fibs. Wyoming 200-Revised 2010 FRONT Wyoming is one of six Mountain states located in the Western United States. GLOSSARY a ban doned completely left an area. ad dict ed not able to stop using alcohol or other harmful drugs. a do be a heavy clay used for making bricks. al lies groups of people who come together to help one another in times of trouble. al pine up in the mountains. am bushed attacked without warning. am mu ni tion bullets and explosive items used in war. ap point ed chosen or selected. ar chae ol o gists scientists who study past human life by looking at prehistoric fossils and tools. ar id an area which does not receive enough rainfall to support farming. FIND THE FIB GAME SAMPLE CARD 1 21 BACK black smith a person who makes things by heating and hammering iron into different shapes. bor der dividing line. ca nals man-made waterways for boats or for watering crops. cap i tal the city that serves as the center of government for the state. cap i tol the building where the government meets to make important decisions for the state. cap tive a prisoner who has been taken by force without permission. cav al ry military troops riding on horseback. cen ten ni al a 100 year celebration. Civ il War the war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the Union and the Confederacy over the issue of slavery. Directions: 1. disputes 2. captive. raiding 4. plains 5. capitol 6. defend 7. elevation 8. pioneers 9. capital 10. treaty 11. motto 12. fossilized 1. convinced 14. summit 15. defeated 16. colonies VOCABULARY QUIZ Match the vocabulary word on the left with its definition on the right. Put the letter for the definition on the blank next to the vocabulary word it matches. Use each word and definition only once. ANSWERS ANSWERS TO COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS READING 1. C 2. H. D 4. F 5. B 6. G 7. C 8. H 2 Name A. completely left an area. B. a heavy clay used for making bricks. C. scientists who study past human life by looking at prehistoric fossils and tools. D. buffalo. E. the city that serves as the center of government for the state. F. the building where the government meets to make important decisions for the state. G. a prisoner who has been taken by force without permission. H. military troops riding on horseback. I. a 100 year celebration. J. the war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the Union and the Confederacy over the issue of slavery. K. groups of people who are ruled by another country. L. talked someone into doing something your way. M. won victory over. N. protect. O. family members who come after one has died. P. arguments or disagreements. 1. P 2. G. EE 4. CC 5. F 6. N 7. R 8. BB 9. E 10. DD 11. Z 12. T ANSWERS TO VOCABULARY QUIZ LANGUAGE 1. B 2. J. B 4. F 5. B 6. J 7. A 8. G 9. C ANSWERS TO MAPPING 1. L 14. II 15. M 16. K 17. GG 18. H 19. O 20. I 21. C 22. HH 2. A 24. D 25. FF 26. J 27. U 28. X 29. W 0. Q 1. AA 2. Y. S 4. V 5. B ar ti facts objects and tools used by early humans for eating, cooking, and hunting. cli mate the average weather conditions of a place over a period of years. bar ley a grass that is grown for its grain and generally used to make malt or feed farm animals. bi son buffalo. col o nies groups of people who are ruled by another country. com ple tion the condition of being finished. 4 40