Analysis and Validation of a 3-D EM Simulation Model of Rogowski Coils as PLC Coupling Elements for Automotive Batteries

Transcription

1 Institute of Industrial Information Technology Analysis and Validation of a 3-D EM Simulation Model of Rogowski Coils as PLC Coupling Elements for Automotive Batteries Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert Ninth Workshop on Power Line Communications, September 21-22, 2015, Klagenfurt 1 September 22nd, 2015 KIT University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz

2 Outline Introduction 3-D EM Model Validation of the simulations with measurements Parameterization of the Coupling Element Summary 2 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

3 New registrations per year Introduction Motivation Growing market for electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs and HEVs) Fraunhofer IHK Shell NPE New communication concepts in order to: enhance safety enhance performance decrease costs Year Results of several studies for predicting new registrations of EVs and HEVs [1]. [1] T. Gnann and P. Plötz, Status Quo und Perspektiven der Elektromobilität in Deutschland, Fraunhofer ISI, Competence Center Energiepolitik und Energiesysteme, Karlsruhe, Working paper sustainability and innovation S14/2011, September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

4 Introduction In-battery communication via CAN bus Disadvantages: bulk costs maintenance In-battery communication via PLC Source: Robert Bosch GmbH Data connection High-voltage connection 4 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert Improved cell monitoring Simple maintenance More performance

5 Introduction Rogowski coils as PLC coupling elements Placed around a currentconducting wire Line integral of magnetic field around a loop is equal to the current H dl = I N = 20 Rogowski coils are air-cored little weight no saturation N = 10 5 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

6 Introduction Rogowski coils as PLC coupling elements Serial coupling [2] Simplified architecture of the PLC network. The lithium-ion cells and the power train are replaced by their impedances. [2] O. Opalko, D. Alonso, and K. Dostert, Measurements on Rogowski coils as coupling elements for power line communication in traction lithium-ion batteries, in Proceedings of the IEEE 2015 ISPLC, Mar. 2015, pp September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

7 Outline Introduction 3-D EM Model Validation of the simulations with measurements Parameterization of the Coupling Element Summary 7 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

8 3-D EM Model Analysis of coupling characteristics CST Microwave Studio (MWS) Model described by analytic curves Suitable mesh Time domain (hexahedral) Frequency domain (tetrahedal) Validation with measurements Rogowski coils with N = {10, 20} turns Profile view of a Rogowski coil (N = 38) [2]. [2] O. Opalko, D. Alonso, and K. Dostert, Measurements on Rogowski coils as coupling elements for power line communication in traction lithium-ion batteries, in Proceedings of the IEEE 2015 ISPLC, Mar. 2015, pp September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

9 3-D EM Model Measurement setup Vector network analyzer (VNA) Measurement of the S-parameters 9 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

10 3-D EM Model Simulation setup Waveguide ports on SMA connectors Simulation of the S-parameters 10 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

11 Outline Introduction 3-D EM Model Validation of the simulations with measurements Parameterization of the Coupling Element Summary 11 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

12 Validation measurements with simulations 12 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

13 Validation measurements with simulations Measurements match with simulations The frequency domain solver was ten times faster The next simulations were carried out with frequency domain solver 13 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

14 Parametrization of the Rogowski coil Number of turns N = {5, 10, 20,30, 40} Wire diameter d = {0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.43 mm} Inner radius r i = {2.4mm, 4.8mm, 6.4mm} Winding diameter D = {2mm, 3mm, 4mm} 14 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

15 Number of turns N Resonance frequency shifts Attenuation for N 15 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

16 Wire diameter d No significant effect when varying d 16 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

17 Inner radius r i No significant effect of varying r i 17 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

18 Winding diameter D Attenuation for D 18 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

19 Attenuation and resonance frequency are strongly influenced by the parameters N and D No significant influence by changing the parameters r i and d 19 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

20 Outline Introduction 3-D EM Model Validation of the simulations with measurements Parameterization of the Coupling Element Summary 20 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

21 Summary 3-D EM simulation modeling of PLC coupling elements for traction batteries Validated with measurements Parametrization of the Rogowski coil Number of turns (N) and winding diameter (D) influences the transmission significantly Inner radius (r i ) and wire diameter (d) do not significant influence the transmission 21 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert

22 Thank you Questions 22 September 22nd, 2015 Oliver Opalko, Damián Alonso, Klaus Dostert