LACHESILLIDAE (PSOCOPTERA), FROM THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE "LA MICHILIA", DURANGO, AND SURROUNDING AREAS

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1 LACHESILLIDAE (PSOCOPTERA), FROM THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE "LA MICHILIA", DURANGO, AND SURROUNDING AREAS ALFONSO NERI GARCIA-ALDRETE Instituto de Biología, UNAM Apartado Postal México, D.F. México Folia Entomológica Mexicana No.81: (1991) Recibido para publicación: 18 junio Aceptado para publicación: 11 diciembre 1990.

2 166 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) ABSTRACT The lachesillids of the Biosphere Reserve "La Michilía", and surrounding areas, are typically nearctic, as expected, and consist of one species of Prolachesilla, recorded for the first time in México, and eleven species of l.achesilla, three of which are described as new, and the three belonging in the species group Corona. Also as expected, the lachesillids of La Michilía show more similarity (Simpson's index), with the lachesillids of areas in Nearctic México, than with those in areas in Neotropical México. A key to the 12 species recorded in the area is included. KEY WORDS: Prolachesilla, l.achesilla, La Michilía, Fauna, Taxonomy, México. RESUMEN Los laquesílidos de la Reserva de la Biosfera "La Michilía", y áreas cercanas son, como era de esperarse, típicamente neárticos, y están representados por una especie de Pro/achesilla, registrada por primera vez en México, y por once especies de l.achesilla, tres de las cuales se describen como nuevas, pertenecientes las tres al grupo de especies Corona. Como era también de esperarse, los laquesílidos de La Michilía tienen mayor similitud, medida con el índice de Simpson, con los laquesílidos de areas neárticas en México, que con las áreas neotropicales en este país. Se incluye una clave para identificar las doce especies del área. PAlABRAS CLAVE: Prolachesil/a, l.achesilla, La Michilía, Fauna, Taxonomía, México. The psocid family Lachesillidae includes 11 recent genera, four of which (Anomopsocus, Prolachesilla, Lachesilla and Nanolachesilla), occur in México. The purpuse of this paper is to record the lachesillicls of the BiosphereReserve "La Micnilfa", a temperate zone in southeastern Durango, México, in the eastern slope of the Western Sierra Madre (23 o 20' - 23 o 30'N; ' 'W). The reserve is thus Nearctic, it is crossed by the tropic of Cancer and it is found in the Western Sierra Madre Biotic Province, near the Chihuahua - Zacatecas Biotic Province (Stuart, 1964) For more details on the characteristics of the area see Halffter (Editor)(1978). The specimens studied were collected by me ancl by Ian W.B. Thornton in August, The types of the new species are deposited in the Insect Collection, Instituto de Biología, UNAM., Departamento de Zoología, Apartado Postal , México, D.F., México (IBUNAM). Paratypes of the new species here treated, are deposited in the Insect Collection of the Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apdo. Postal 63, 91000, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, México, (le).

3 ÜARCÍA-ALDRETE. PSOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE 167 Measurements of the new species were taken on parts mounted permanently in Euparal, utilizing a filar micrometer mounted on a compound microscope; the measuring unit was 136 microns for wings, and 53 microns for other parts. The following abbreviations are used for the lengths of the parts measured: FW: fore wing; HW: hind wing; F: Femur; T: Tibia; t1, t2, first and second tarsomeres of right hind leg; ctt1: number of ctenidia on t1; P4: fourth segment of maxillary palp; fl... fll: tlagellomeres lo: mínimum distance between compound eyes; D: antera-posterior diameter of compound eye; d: transverse diameter of compound eye; PO: d/d. 10, D, and d in dorsal view of head, following the measuring method of Pearman (Ball, 1943). SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT Family Lachesillidae Subfamily Eolachesillinae Tribe Graphocaeciliini Prolachesilla terricola Mockford & Sullivan P. terricola Mockford & Sullivan, 1986, p. 42 This species was described from Río Arriba Co., New Mexico. It has also been recorded in Taos Co., New Mexico and in Fremont Co., Colorado. lt is a litter dwelling species, the USA records are from ground litter and Quercus gambelii litter; its presence at La Michilfa extend considerably the range of distribution within the Nearctic region. Records. Durango: La Michilfa, Mesa Larga, 2500 m., 25-VIII-1987, sifting Quercus litter, 4 ~ ~, 1 o. Trampa Mesa del Burro, 2400 m., 26-VIII-1987, sifting Quercus litter, 7 ~~. 5 oo, 10 nymphs. Lachesilla ajuscana Garcfa Aldrete L. ajuscana García Aldrete, 1990 Subfamily Lachesillinae This species was described from the Cerro Ajusco area in the Federal District, México, and had not been recorded outside ofthe type locality; thus the range of distribution is considerably expanded within the Nearctic region.

4 168 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) lt belongs in species group Ruja, as diagnosed by Garcfa Aldrete (1990). Records. Durango: La Michilfa, ca. Residence, 24-VIII-1987, 2400 m., beating Quercus 2 oo, 14 <;?<;?, 14 nymphs. Llano El Taray, 24-VII-1987, 2400 m., beating Quercus, 1 o, 4 <;? <;?, 1 nymph; beating Arctostaphylos pungens, 2 <;? <;?; beating Juniperus, 6 o o, 9 <;? <;?, 2 nymphs. Mesa Larga, 2450 m., 25-VIII-1987, beating Quercus, 2 o o, 9 <;? <;?, 13 nymphs. Trampa Mesa del Burro, 2400 m., 26-VIII-1987, beating Quercus, 3 oo, 25 <f?<f?; on dead hanging leaves of Nolina, 2 <;? <;?, 1 nymphs. Lachesilla cupressicola Garcfa Aldrete L. cupressicola García Aldrete (1990) This species was described from Tres Marfas, ca. Cuernavaca, in the Mexican State of Morelos. It has also been recorded in the Mexican States of Coahuila, Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Durango, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, and Puebla, and in Guatemala. In Durango, it has been recorded near El Salto and near La Ciudad, localities physiographically similat to La Michilfa. It belongs in species group Ruja, and it has always found associated with Cupressus, Juniperus and Pinus. Records. Durango: La Michilfa, ca. Residence, 2400 m., 24-VIII-1987, beating Juniperus, 35 o o, 48 <;? <;?, 23 nymphs. Mesa Larga, 2500 m., 25-VIII-1987, beatingluniperus, 2oo,6<f?<f?. Lachesüla michüiensis n. sp. (<f?) (Figs. 1-4) Female. Color (in 80% alcohol). Body chocolate brown. Compound eyes black, ocelli clear, with ochre centrípeta! crescents. Antennae and legs brown; maxillary palps dark brown. Abdomen whitish, with setae emerging from brown areolae; first tergite and terminalia dark brown. Morphology. Brachypterous (Fig. 1), with the apices of the hind wings barely reaching the first tergite. Subgenital plate broad, setose, with pigmented area concave anteriorly; mesal flap extremely long, sinuous, apically dilated and with the distal end hyaline (Fig. 2). Gonapophyses (Fig. 3), narrowing distally, with tlíe apices blunt and the sides strongly pigmented. Ninth sternum (Fig. 3), straight anteriorly and limited by a pigmented band; spermapore located in the center of the sternum. Paraprocts

5 GARCÍA-ALDRETE. PSOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE 169 Fig. l. Lachesil/a michiliensis n. sp. <;>. Dorsal view. Scale in mm.

6 170 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) almost elliptical, setose (Fig. 4), pigmented and with sensory fields not discernible. Epiproct (Fig. 4), pyramidal in outline, entirely pigmented, except at the base and apex. Chaetotaxy and pigmentation of paraprocts and epiproct as in Fig. 4. Measurements (in microns). F:276; T: 408; t1: 120; t2: 94; ctt1: 7; P4: 80; f1: 83; t2: 60; f3: 55; f4: 58; f5: 39; f6: 48; f7: 39; f8: 44; ~: 40; flo: 36; f11: 39; 10: 328; D: 133; d: 83; 10/D: 2.46; PO: Type Locality. MEXICO. Durango. Súchil, Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa", 2400m., 25-VIII-1987, under loose bark of Quercus fence post, holotype ~ (IBUNAM) m., 28-VIII-1987, beating Quercus, paratype ~ (le). Comments. This species is neotenic, as indicated by the brachyptery, small ocelli and almost complete absence of sensory fields in the paraprocts. lt belongs in species group Corona, as diagnosed by Garcfa Aldrete (1974); the elongated flap of the suhgenital plate is unique in the group; this, and other genital characters distinguish it from other species in the group. It is endemic to La Michilía. --::::::::::=:::::.:::::--= Figs Lachesilla michiliensis n. sp. Q. 2) Subgenital plate. 3) Gonapophyses and ninth sternum. 4) Epiproct and right paraproct. Scale in mm., common to all figures.

7 GARCfA-ALDRETE. PSOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE Lachesil/a monticola Garcfa Aldrete L. monticola García Aldrete, 1975, p This species was described from Guatemala (near Huehuetenango), and it is also known from the Mexican States of Chiapas, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacán, Nuevo León and Puebla (Garcfa Aldrete 1975, 1985). In Durango it has been collected near El Salto. It belongs in species group Texcocana (Garcfa Aldrete, 1985). Records. Durango. Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa", 2400 m., 25-VIII-1987, beating Quercus, 2 ~~;Mesa Larga, 2500 m., 25-VIII-1987, beating Pinus, 2 ~ ~. Lachesilla pinicola Garcfa Aldrete L. pinicola García Aldrete (1990) This species was described from Durango (near El Salto); it occurs only in México and is known from the states of Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca and Distrito Federal. It belongs in species group Rufa and has been found always associated with Pinus spp., hence its name. Records. Durango. Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa", ca. Residence, 2400 m., 24-VIII-1987, beating Pinus, 1 ó, 1 ~.Mesa Larga, 2500 m., 25-VIII- 1987, beating Pinus, 14 óó, 20 ~~.Trampa Mesa del Burro, 2500 m., 26- VIII-1987, beating Pinus, 5 óó, 5~~. Lachesilla querpina n. sp. (Figs. 5-11) Female. Color (in 80% alcohol). Body pale brown. Compound eyes black, ocelli clear, with ochre centripetal crescents. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antennae and legs pale brown. Fore and hind wings hyaline, with veins reddish brown. Abdomen with reddish brown subcuticular rings. Morphology. Sub genital pi ate broad, setose, rounded posterior! y, with four distinct mesa! macrosetae; pigmented area deeply cleft anteriorly (Fig. 10). Mesal flap near the posterior margin, rounded, small, concave anteriorly. Gonapophyses (Fig. 6), wide basally and narrowing toward the apices; ninth sternum almost rectangular, with a pigmented band anteriorly and the spermapore almost in the center of the sternum (Fig. 6). Paraprocts almost elliptical, setose (F'ig. 9), with externa! margins pigmented and sensory fields

8 172 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) ; _.. _~ ' ' ~~ 9 Figs Lachesilla querpina n. sp. 5) Fore nnd hind wings, S!. 6) Gonapophyses nnd ninth stemum, ':;!. 7) Epiproct and right pa.-~lproct, ó. 8) Hypandrium, c1aspers, phallosome apodemes nnd stemite, ó. 9) Plltllproct, e. l 0) Suhgenita1 p1ate, S!. 11) Epiproct, S!. Sca1es in mm. Figures 8-11 to the sca1e of Figure 7

9 ÜARCÍA-ALDRETE. PSOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE 173 with trichobothria (one without basal rosette). Epiproct trapezial, with field of setae towards posterior margin (Fig. 11). Chaetotaxy and pigmentation of paraprocts and epiproct as in Figs. 9 and 11. Measurements (in microns). FW: 1888; HW: 1629; F: 397; T: 737; t1: 247; t2: 111; ctt1: 16; P4: 106; fl: 222; f2: 176; f3: 137; f4: 116; f5: 76; f6: 77; f7: 57; f8: 69; f9: 55; flo: 68; f11: 60; 10: 339; D: 150; d: 102; 10/D: 2.26; PO: Mate. Color (in 80% alcohol). Same as the female. Morphology. Hypandrium (Fig. 8), wide, broadly concave posteriorly, with a field of setae on each side; claspers fused to hypandrium, projected posteriorly, basally wide, narrowing posteriorly and with terminal portions slightly bent inwards; one macroseta at the base of each clasper (Fig. 8). Phallosome apodemes V-shaped, with proximal half of each arm slender, and distal halves dilated, curved outwards, distally acuminate and with a row of small, pointed projection on posterior edges, anteapically (Fig. 8). Paraprocts rounded, setose (Fig. 7), pigmented along inner margins, with mesal prongs aquiline and sensory fields with trichobothria (one without basal rosette). Epiproct (Fig. 7), posteriorly concave, deeply pigmented along lateral and posterior margins, with fields of setae on each side. Chaetotaxy and pigmentation of paraprocts and epiproct as in Fig. 7. Measurements (in microns). FW: 2335; HW: 1779; F: 441; T: 821; t1: 277; t2: 111; ctt1: 18; P4: 96; fl: 271; f2: 212; f3: 159; f4: 138; f5: 90; f6: 93; f7: 78; f8: 77; f9: 65; flo: 74; f11: 68; 10: 331; D: 167; d: 99; 10/D: 1.98; PO: 0.59 Type Locality MEXICO. Oaxaca. 9 km NW Yanhuitlán, 2300 m., 10-XI- 1977, beating Quercus, holotype o, allotype ~, two paratypes ~ ~ (IBUNAM). Records. Durango. Súchi!, Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa", Mesa Larga, 2500m., 25-VII-1987, beting Pinus, 2 ~ ~ (le). Guerrero. 15 km NW Jaleaca de Catalán, , beating Quercus, Antonio Carmona, 2 ~ ~. Morelos. Zacualpan de Amilpas, , beating shrubs, 1 ~. Nuevo León. 8 km S La Escondida, Rd. Galeana- Dr. Arroyo, 25-IV-1964, beating

10 174 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) Quercus, E. L. Mockford, 1 ~. Lachesüla reyesi n. sp. (Figs ) Female. Color (in 80% alcohol). Body reddish brown. Compound eyes black. Ocelli clear, with ochre centipetal crescents. Maxillary palps dark brown. Antennae and legs brown. Fore and hind wings slightly opaque. Abdomen pale brown, with dark brown, transverse, subcuticular rings. Morphology. Subgenital plate (Fig. 16), wide, setose, with four distinct mesal macrosetae; pigmented area anteriorly concave; posterior border sinuous, with a broad, transverse, strongly pigmented band next to it. Mesal flap short, rounded distally and slightly concave basally, approximately twice as long as wide (Fig. 16). Gonapophyses (Fig. 17), basally wide, narrowing distally and with apices blunt. Ninth sternum (Fig. 17), almost rectangular, with the spermapore in the center and a wide pigmented band anteriorly. Paraproct (Fig. 18), long, almost elliptical, setose, with trichobothria (one without basal rosette) on each sensory field. Epiproct (Fig. 19), trapezoid, setose; chaetotaxy and pigmentation of paraproct and epiproct as in Figs. 18 and 19. Measurements. (in microns). FW: 2077; HW: 1544; F: 408; T: 772; t1: 262; t2: 111; ctt1: 14; P4: 119; fl: 214; f2: 179; f3: 139; f4: 106; f5: 78; f6: 80; f7: 66; f8: 72; t9: 60; flo: 68; f11: 58; 10: 391; D: 169; d: 102; 10/D: 2.31; PO: Male. Color (in 80% alcohol). Same as the female. Morphology. Hypandrium (Fig. 14), wide, with a field of setae on each side, deeply concave, with a transverse pigmented band next to the concavity. Claspers fused to the hypandrium, directed posteriorly; outer edge of each clasper strongly pigmented, each clasper ending distally in two prongs, the outer one short and truncate and the inner one longer, slender, slightly curved and also truncate apically (Fig. 14). Paraprocts (Fig. 15), rounded posteriorly, setose; mesal prongs stout, distally truncate, sensory fields with trichobothria (one without basal rosette).

11 ÜARCÍA-ALDRETE. PsOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE 175 Fig. 12. Lachesilla reyesi n. sp. Brachypterous female in dorsal view

12 176 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) Epiproct (Fig. 20), with two well defined halves, with one field of setae on each, and strongly pigmented along the lateral margins. Measurements (in microns). FW: 2540; HW: 1881; F: 468; T: 881; t1: 235; t2: 122; ctt1: 18; P4: 109; fl: 285; f2: 232; f3: 185; f4: 135; f5: 97; f6: 90; t7: 78; f8: 79; f9: 73; flo: 78; fll: 79; 10: 365; D: 178; d: 111; 10/D: 2.05; PO: Type Locality. MEXICO. Durango. Súchil, Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa", ca. Residence, 2400 m., 24-VIII-1987, beating Quercus, holotype o, allotype ~, paratype ~; beating Juniperus, paratype ~. Holotype and allotype (IBUNAM), paratypes (le). This species is dedicated to Pedro Reyes Castillo, a well known coleopterist and former Director of the Instituto de Ecología, A.C., in recognition to bis many important contributions on the systematics and biology of Passalidae. Records. Durango. 32 km E El Salto, 17-VII-1963, beating Quercus, E.L. Mockford & F. Hill, 1 o. 14 km. E El Salto, 17-VII-1963, beating Quercus, E.L. Mockford & F. Hill, 1 o. Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa", Llano El Taray, 24-VIII-1987, 2400m., beating Quercus, 1 ~, beating Pinus, 1 ~. Arroyo El Taray, across "Cerrito Blanco", 28-VIII-1987, beating Quercus, 1 ~. Hidalgo. 14 km. SE Pachuca, Hwy. 130, 2600m., 15-XI-1974, beating Quercus, A.N.Garcfa Aldrete, 1 o. 10 km SW Tulancingo, Hwy. 130, 2500m., 22-V-1975, sifting Quercus litter, A.N. García Aldrete, 2 ~ ~, 1 o. 12 km. W Tulancingo, 2500m., 18-V-1977, beating Quercus, A.N. Garcfa Aldrete, 2 ~~. 35 km. E Pachuca, Hwy. 130, 24-VI-1962, F. Hill, 2 ~~.México. 5 km. E ofjct. with road to Valle de Bravo, Hwy. 15, 2700., sifting Quercus, litter, A.N. Garcfa Aldrete, 1 ~ (brachypterous). Ca. Cahuacán, near rd. to Villa del Carbón, 2-V-1979, beating Quercus, D. Yáñez, 1 ~. Michoacán. 58 km. W Cd. Hidalgo, Hwy. 15, 2450m., 21-IV-1977, sifting Quercus litter, A.N. García Aldrete & E.L. Mockford, 1 ~ (brachypterous).. Comments. Brachypterous females of this species (Fig. 12), have been found associated with oak litter in the states of México and Michoacán, the brachyptery seems to be habitat-related, since no brachypterous females have been recorded in oak foliage. Macropterous individuals of both sexes have been collected in oak litter in Hidalgo.

13 GARCÍA-ALDRETE. PSOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE 177 Figs Lachesilla reyesi n. sp. 13) Fore wing, 9. 14) Hypandrium, claspers, and phallosome apodemes, ó. 15) Paraproct, ó. 16) Subgenital p1ate, 9. 17) Gonapophyses and ninth sternum, 2. 18) Paraproct, 2. 19) Epiproct, 2. 20) Epiproct, ó. Scales in mm. Figures 14 and 17 to same sca1e as Figure 16. Figures 15, 18 and 20 to same scale as Figure 19

14 178 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) SPECIES OF ÚCHESILU COLLECTED IN AREAS NEAR "LA MICHILíA" Five species of Lachesilla were collected in areas clase to the biosphere reserve; these areas (San Miguel de La Michilfa, Arroyo Corralitos and Mezquital), differ from the reserve in vegetation and altitude. Only one of these species also occur in the reserve (L. ajuscana Garcfa Aldrete). Lachesilla ajuscana Garcfa Aldrete L ajuscana García Aldrete, 1990 Record. Durango. Arroyo Corralitos, ca. 25 km N Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa", 2050 m, 29-VIII-1987, beating Juniperus, 5 ~ ~, 1 ó. Lachesilla centralis Garcfa Aldrete L centralis García Aldrete, 1983, p. 14 This species belongs in species group Centralis, of Garcfa Aldrete (1983), and it was known from the Mexican states of Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo Le6n, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa and Sonora. In the U.S.A. it has been recorded in southern California. The record from Durango falls within the area of distribution, in Nearctic Mexico. Record. Durango. Mezquital, 1430m., 27-VIII-1987, beating shrubs and herbaceous plants, 3 ~ ~. Lachesilla fuscipa/pis Badonnel L. fuscipalpis Badonnel, 1971, p.35 This species belongs in group Fuscipalpis of Garcfa Aldrete (1974). lt has been recorded in Perú and in the Mexican states of Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas y Veracruz. It had not been collected in Durango. Records. Durango. Ca. San Miguel de la Michilfa, 2200m., 23-VIII-1987, beating Acacia and Prosopis with abundant Tzllandsia on the branches, 4 ~~. 2 nymphs. Mezquital, 1430m., 27-VIII-1987, on dead leaves of shrubs and herbaceous plants, 1 ~. Lachesilla picticeps Mockford L. picticeps Mockford, 1986, p.134

15 ÜARCÍA-ALDRETE. PSOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE 179 This species was described from Villa de Santiago, Nuevo León, México. It has also been recorded in the Mexican states of Chiapas, Coahuila, Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, numerous localities in Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí and Sinaloa, all in Nearctic México. It had not been recorded in Durango. Records. Durango. Arroyo Corralitos, ca. 25 km. N. Biosphere Reserve La Michilía, 2050m., 29-VIII-1987, ondead leaves of Senecio sp., 6 ~ ~, 2 o o. Mezquital, 1430 m., 27-VIII-1987, on dead Ieaves of shrubs and herbaceous plants, 1 ~, 3 o o. Lachesilla punctata (Banks) Elipsocus punctatus Banks, 1905, p.! This species belongs in species group Andra of García Aldrete (1974). It has been recorded from the southwestern United States in the state of California, and in northeast and central México, south to the states of Tlaxcala and Oaxaca (states of Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, México, Distrito Federal, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla and Veracruz). It had not been recorded in Durango. Records. Durango: Arroyo Corralitos, ca. 25 km. N. the Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa", 2050m., 29-VIII-1987, on dead hanging leaves of Senecio, 2 oo. Mezquital, 1430m., 27-VIII-1987, on dead leaves of shrubs and herbaceous plants, 2 ~ ~. KEY TO THE LACHESILLIDAE OF LA MICHILfA ANO SURROUNDING AREAS 1 1' 2 2' Micropterous, without ocelli. MaJe phallosome closed posteriorly, triangular, with base weak; distal processes of externa] parameres slender, with pores along lateral margins; aedeagus terminating in a long, slender process. Female subgenital plate with distal margin tapering toa small, hyaline, median process. Ovipositor valvulae: V 1 stem elongate, joined to ninth sternum; V short and broad Prolachesilla terricola Mockford & Sullivan Macropterous, brachypterous or micropterous, with ocelli. MaJe phallosome variable, open posteriorly. Female subgenital plate not as above. With only one pair of ovipositor valvulae Lachesilla... 2 Female subgenital plate with a mesa!, longitudinal flap 6 Female subgenital plate without a flap

16 ' 4 4' 5 5' 6 6' 7 7' 8 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) Phallosome apodemes basally joined or fused to form a rod; female subgenital plate not cleft posteriorly Phallosome apodemes independent; females subgenital plate deeply cleft posteriorly L. fuscipalpis Badonnel Female subgenital plate posteriorly entire, almost rounded 5 Female subgenital plate with a broad central lobe posteriorly, flanked by two slender, elongated lo bes; mal e epiproct tapering posteriorly to a strongly sclerotized, blunt apex L. punctata (Banks) Subgenital plate without postero-lateral shoulders, underlying area narrowing to a straight anterior border, with sides strongly pigmented. A sclerotized bar at the base of each gonapophysis, extended into ninth sternum; without sclerotized marks flanking spermapore. Proximal halves of phallosome apodemes slender, straight, joined at base; distal halves of phallosome apodemes curved, anteapically dilated.... L. monticola Garcfa Aldrete Subgenital plate with postero-lateral shoulders, without well defined underlying area; with slender, longitudinal, sclerotized crescents flanking spermapore. Phallosome apodemes joined basally, proximal halves slender, distal halves slightly curved, acuminate, not dilated anteapically.... L. centralis Garcfa Aldrete Mesal flap of sub genital plate obtusely concave posteriorly (species group Rufa) Mesal flap of subgenital plate straight or rounded posteriorly (species group Corona) Claspers decidedly constricted in the middle, distal halves large, crescent-shaped, each with an apical knob. Mesal flap of subgenital plate wider at base, with sides converging posteriorly, distal concavity of about 10% the totallength of the flap L. pinicola Garcfa Aldrete Claspers not as above, distal halves slender, acuminate. Mesal flap of subgenital plate narrower basally or with sides almost parallel, distal concavity of more than 10% the total length of the flap 8 Subgenital plate strongly bilobed posteriorly, with a wide, median concavity; flap of subgenital plate narrower at the base, distal concavity of 25% the total length of the flap. Phallosome V-

17 ÜARCÍA-ALDRETE. PSOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE 181 8' 9 9' 10 10' 11 11' shaped, each arm of uniform width and terminated in a slender, acuminate projection L. ajuscana Garcfa Aldrete Subgenital plate posteriorly with a broad central lobe, flanked by two smaller, rounded lobes. Mesal flap with sides almost parallel, distal concavity of 30% the totallength of the flap. Phallosome V shaped, broadly joined basally, proximal half of each arm slender, distal half dilated, sausage-shaped, terminated in a curved, slender, anteapically dilated projection L. cupressicola Garcfa Aldrete Flap of subgenital plate extremely elongate, sinuous, apically dilated and distally hyaline; micropterous, with the tips of the forewings barely reaching the first abdominal tergite. Only females known L. michiliensis Garcfa Aldrete Flap of subgenital plate short; if females brachypterous, the forewings reach the second abdominal tergite; phallosome ~podemes separate or fused for a length Flap of subgenital plate almost rectangular; phallosome apodemes separate L. picticeps Mockford Flap of subgenital plate distally rounded; phallosome apodemes fused.for a length Posterior border of subgenital plate undulate, with a transverse, pigmented band next to it; flap of subgenital fl<;tp longer than wide. Claspers wide basally, tapering distally, apically forked, with outer tyne shorter than inner one. Proximal halves of phallosome apodemes slender, fused for about 50% of their totallength L. reyesi Garcfa Aldrete Posterior border of subgenital plate rounded, without distinct pigmented area next to it; flap of subgenital plate wider than long. Claspers basally wide, tapering distally but not apically forked; proximal halves ofphallosome apodemes slender, basally fused for about 33% of their total length.. L. querpina Garcfa Aldrete DISCUSSION The Lachesillidae ofthe Biosphere Reserve "La Michilfa" and surrounding areas, consist of one species in the genus Prolachesilla, recorded for the first time in México, and eleven species in the genus Lachesilla, perhaps the most diverse genus of Mexican psocids. Three other species of Prolachesilla

18 182 FOLIA ENTOMOL. MEX. 81 (1991) occur in México (P. mexicana, P. pallida, and P. poblana, see Mockford & Sullivan, 1986), whereas at least 200 species of Lachesilla occur in México, of which only 80 have been described (including the new ones from La Michilfa). The lachesillids of La Michilfa are tipically nearctic, with only one species (L..fuscipalpis), occurring well into the Neotropics; the distinctness of this fauna is illustrated by the comparison with the lachesillids of the coast of Jalisco, a not very distant neotropical area, in the Nayarit-Guerrero biotic province of Stuart (1964) (West Mexican Province of Savage, 1966; see Smith, 1940, and Halffter, 1964, for the boundary between the Nearctic and Neotropical regions); the two areas share only two Lachesilla species, for a Simpson's index of similarity of 16.6 (the coast of Jalisco has 13 species of Lachesilla, see García Aldrete, 1988). Also, the lachesillids of La Michilfa are entirely different from the lachesillids of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz; eight species of Lachesilla have been recorded in this area, none in common with those of La Michilfa, as it was to be expected, the areas in question belonging in different zoogeographic regions. More meaningful comparisons would then be expected between areas within the Neartic region; Simpson's índices of similarity for the lachesillids of La Michilfa and those of Cerro Ajusco, D.F. (15 species, four shared), and Cerro Potosí, Nuevo León ( 9 species, five shared), turned out to be of 33.3 and 55.5 respectively. The similarity is thus larger within the same region than as compared with areas in the Neotropics. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Field work at La Michilfa in August, 1987 was partially funded by the Instituto de Biología, UNAM., the Instituto de Ecología, A.C., and CONACYT. I thank these institutions for their support to this project. I also thank Carlos and Laura Galindo, resident researchers at La Michilfa, for the logistic support, and for sharing their wide knowledge of the area. REFERENCES BADONNEL, A Psocopteres édaphiques du Chili (3e. note) (lnsecta). Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 3e. sér., no. l. Zoo1ogie 1 :38pp. BAU., A Contribution a l'étude des Psocopteres. Ill. Ectopsocus du Congo Beige, avec une remarque sur le mpport 1.0./D.. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg. 19(38):28pp.

19 GARCÍA-ALDRETE. PSOCOPTERA, LACHESILLIDAE 183 BANKS, N Description of new Nearctic Neuropteroid insects. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 32:1-20pp. GARCÍA ALDREfE, A.N A classification above species leve! of the genus Lachesilla Westwood (Psocoptera: Lachesillidae). Folia Entomol. M ex. 27: 1-88pp. GARcfA ALDREfE, A.N Una nueva especie neotropical del género Lachesilla Westwood (Insecta:Psocoptera). An. lnst. Biol. Univ. Autón. México, Ser. Zoolog{a, 46(1):39-44 GARCfA ALDRErE, A.N The Lachesilla centralis complex: description and records of constituent species (Insecta: Psocoptera: Lachesillidae). Folia Entomol. M ex. 55:13-29 GARCÍA ALDRErE, A.N The species of Lachesilla in the group "Texcocana" (Psocoptera: Lachesillidae). Descriptions, records and relationships. Folia Entomol. Mex. 65:37-62 GARCÍA ALDREfE, A.N Species of Lachesilla (Psocoptera: Lachesillidae), from the coast of the Mexican state of Jalisco. Folia Entomol. Mex. 77:33-61 GARCÍA ALDRETE, A.N Sistemática de las especies de Lachesilla en el grupo Rufa. Distribución geográfica y afinidades (Insecta: Psocoptera: Lachesillidae). Anales. lnst. Biol. Univ. Nal. Autón. México, Ser. Zoología 61(1):13-97 HALFFI'ER, G La entomofauna americana. Ideas acerca de su origen y distribución. Folia Entomol. Mex. 6: l-108pp. HALFFI'ER, G. (Editor) Reservas de la Biósfera en el estado de Durango. Publicación 4. Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México, D.F. 198 pp. MOCKFORD, E.L A key to species of psocids of the Lachesilla corona group (Psocoptera: Lachesilliade) in eastern Mexico, with descriptions of two new species. Ent. News. 97(4): MOCKFORD, E. L. AND SUWVAN, D.M Systematics of the Graphocaeciliine psocids with a proposed higher classification of the family Lachesillidae (Psocoptera). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 112: 1-80 pp. SAVAGE, J.M The origins and history of the Central American herpetofauna. Copeia, 1966(4): SMirn, H.M Las provincias bióticas de México, según la distribución geográfica de las lagartijas del género Sceloporus. An. Ese. Nal. Cienc. Biol., México, 2: STIJART, L.C Fauna of Middle America. In: Handbook of Middle American lndians, Vol. /. R. Wauchope & R.C. West (Editors). Univ. of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. pp