AN OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN CONTAMINATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION PROCESS AT DA NANG AIRPORT

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1 AN OVERVIEW OF DIOXIN CONTAMINATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION PROCESS AT DA NANG AIRPORT Presented by: Col. Dau Xuan Hoai (VIETNAM MOD), Dr. Andrew L. Sayers-Fay (USAID).

2 CONTENT ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION INTRODUCTION OF DANANG AIRPORT DIOXIN CONTAMINATION AT DANANG AIRBASE

3 INTRODUCTION OF DA NANG CITY Da Nang is the 3rd largest city of Vietnam with population of 940,000.

4 INTRODUCTION OF DA NANG CITY It is also the most popular tourists attraction in VN and was visited by 5.5 million last year, in which 1.7 million foreigner (Da Nang Gov. website). The biggest attractions is its beautiful beaches, annual international firework contest and world hesitates.

5 OVERVIEW OF DANANG CITY

6 BANA HILL

7 ONE OF THE BEST BEACHES IN THE WORLD

8 RIVER SIDE VIEW

9 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL FIREWORK CONTEST

10 DA NANG INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

11 DA NANG AIRPORT REFERS TO DIOXIN HOT SPOT Dioxin contamination at Da Nang Airport is the result of the storage, loading, spillage and handling of Agent Orange during the US-Viet Nam war. It is estimated 94,900 barrels of herbicides, including 52,700 barrels of AO (about 80 million litres or 21 million gallons) was mixed, stored and loaded onto planes.

12 AGENT ORANGE STORAGE AT DA NANG AIRPORT

13 AGENT ORANGE STORAGE AT DA NANG AIRPORT

14 AGENT ORANGE STORAGE AT DA NANG AIRPORT

15 DIOXIN CONTAMINATION AT DA NANG AIRPORT After the war, the chemical residue remained, caused serious environmental pollution and human health risk. An investigations co-conducted in January and April 2009 by Hatfield Consultants and the Office 33 (Vietnam) indicates that: the concentrations of dioxins are extremely high in the northern end of Da Nang Airport and refer as a significant dioxin hot spot.

16 DIOXIN CONTAMINATION LEVEL AT DANANG AIRPORT Dioxin levels at the north end of the Da Nang Airport exceed Vietnamese and international standards and guidelines for these toxic chemicals. TCDD concentrations ranged from 858 to 361,000 ppt- TEQ in samples collected from the Former Mixing and Loading Area and the Former Storage Area. The southern, eastern and western areas of Da Nang Airport show less dioxin contamination than the northern areas.

17 DIOXIN CONTAMINATION LEVEL AT DANANG AIRPORT The suggestion indicates dioxin moves from contaminated areas into Sen Lake (located on the Da Nang Airport property). Therefore, dioxin concentrations in sediments of Sen Lake and North Airport drainage ditches ranged from 674 to 8,580ppt-TEQ and exceeded the Vietnamese guideline of 150ppt-TEQ

18 DIOXIN CONTAMINATION LEVEL AT DANANG AIRPORT Source: Hatfield Consultants & Office 33

19 DIOXIN CONTAMINATION LEVEL AT DANANG AIRPORT Source: Hatfield Consultants & Office 33

20 DIOXIN CONTAMINATION LEVEL AT DANANG AIRPORT A study conducted by the USAID (2010) showed dioxin concentrations of contaminated soil varies from 6,820 to 365,000ppt-TEQ.

21 REMEDIATION OF DIOXIN CONTAMINATION PROCESS For decades, many techniques have been studied to clean up contaminated soil and sediments including: Base-Catalyzed Decomposition, Ball Milling with Active Landfill, Geo-Melt TM Process, Passive Landfill, Active Landfill, Incineration, Biology. Each technique has advantages, but also disadvantages and no above technology has been conducted in-situ.

22 REMEDIATION OF DIOXIN CONTAMINATION PROCESS In order to limit the spread of dioxin into the environment, the contaminated soil surface has been concretized to prevent run-off, also, leachate was collected and adsorption by activated carbon

23 DA NANG DIOXIN CONTAMINATION REMEDIATION PROJECT Since August 2012, the Vietnam MOD and the USAID commenced the "Da Nang Environmental Remediation Project" by In-Pile Thermal Desorption (IPTD) technology with a total initial investment of $ 41 million

24 DA NANG DIOXIN CONTAMINATION REMEDIATION PROJECT The purpose of the project is to treat about 90,000m 3 of soil and sediment on an area of approx. 19ha. The project is divided into two phases

25 IPTD TECHNOLOGY ANIMATION

26 ANNOUNCEMENT OF PHASE 1 SUCESS The first phase ended in May 2016 with 45,000 m 3 of soil and sediment was cleaned up.

27 Results of analysis and monitoring showed: the treated soil had dioxin content are lower than international and Vietnamese standards

28 PHASE 2 KICKED OFF ON OCT. 2016

29 PHASE 2 OF DIOXIN REMEDIATION Other 45,000m 3 contaminated soil is expected to be cleaned up and completed by mid-2017.

30 PHASE 2 OF DIOXIN REMEDIATION About 60,000m 3 soil has dioxin conc. below 1,000ppt- TEQ will be loaded and compacted in a landfill.

31 ROLE OF CENTRE FOR ENV. TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY (CTET) CTET is responsible for environmental monitoring during treatment progress.

32 Leachate, vapor created during treatment process and in-pile soil & sediment are monitored.

33 CONCLUSION 1. Da Nang airbase is referred to the dioxin hot-spot and caused serious environmental problems and human health risk for decades. 2. The efforts of US and Vietnamese Gov. has achieved remarkable results. 3. It is expected other dioxin contaminated areas in Vietnam, such as Bien Hoa and Phu Cat airbase will soon be cleaned up.

Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office Henry M. Jackson Federal Building February 11, Second Avenue, Seattle, WA 98714

Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office Henry M. Jackson Federal Building February 11, 2011 915 Second Avenue, Seattle, WA 98714 This is in response to the Department of Veterans Affairs letter