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3 In 1938 the late Waite Phillips gave to the Boy Scouts of America 35,000 acres of his ranch in northeast New Mexico. This became the first National Scout Camp and was named PHIL- TURN ROCKY MOUNTAIN SCOUT CAMP. Three years later, after personally witnessing the enthusiastic response and the personal growth of those early Scout campers, Mr. Phillips added more than 92,000 acres to his original gift. The name was changed to PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH. In 1965, acting upon the recommendation of the National Exploring Committee, the present name - PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH AND EXPLORER BASE - was approved and adopted. In 1963 Mr. Norton Clapp, Vice-President of the National Council, Boy Scouts of America, bought the final remnant of the Maxwell Land Grant and added it to the PHILMONT SCOUT RANCH AND EXPLORER BASE. This is the popular Baldy Tract consisting of 10,000 acres. Thus, Philmont now contains 137,493 acres square miles. Mr. Phillips, an ardent outdoorsman and a great American, gave this beautiful land that he and his family dearly loved to the senior Scouts and Explorers of America - to enjoy - to receive inspiration - and to grow physically, mentally, and morally so that they would become self-reliant, participating citizens of America. Mr. Phillips saw the fruition of his hopes and dreams before he passed away in the early 1960's. Philmont continues to provide the young men of America with the kinds of experiences that Mr. Phillips had envisioned when he gave this magnificent property to the Boy Scouts of America. PHILMONT TRAILS is an attempt to give Scout campers a glimpse of what is in store for them when they have decided to hike and camp along Philmont trails. PHILMONT TRAILS is dedicated to Mrs. Genevieve Phillips, who is happy in the knowledge that her late husband's gift continues to bring fun, satisfaction, physical, spiritual and moral growth to the thousands of Scouts, Explorers, and leaders who annually hike the Philmont trails.

4 A Message To Expedition Leaders Inscribed on a gateway to one of Philmont's many camps is a statement which embodies Scout- ing's primary purpose - "boys came, men left." Philmont offers to young men and their adult leaders a hiking and camping experience unmatched almost anywhere in the United States. Friendships blossom and youthful spirits mature on the trails of this rugged land in the southern Rocky Mountains. But the requirements are stringent - good physical conditioning, a lively sense of comradeship, and a strong will to complete what has been undertaken. Philmont's primary program is backpacking, rugged hiking and camping in this beautiful land of towering mountains, verdant forests, and sparkling streams. This is high country, ranging in elevation from 6,500 to 12,441 feet. This is why the Philmont adventure begins back home with thorough planning and preparation so that you and your crew members are physically and mentally prepared to tackle the real BIG ONE. The first few days at Philmont will be rough and tough. This is the period when you will become acclimated to the high altitude. This is the reason for starting your trek with muchneeded rest stops. Be sure to stop long enough and frequently enough to drink deeply the inspiration from the beauty and majesty of the mountains and forests. Remember, this will be your "home" for the extent of your stay at Philmont. PHILMONT TRAILS, Guidebook to Adventure, and the Philmont map are your basic tools in preparation for the high adventure at Philmont. Together with the selected itineraries, these tools will provide you with much vicarious enjoyment. Skillfully used, these tools will give you a foretaste of the exciting adventure that awaits you in the high country of the Southern Rockies. If you have prepared well, you and your campers will have a rewarding experience. The entire Philmont staff awaits your arrival with great anticipation for this country welcomes men to match its mountains.

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6 - p NEW ABREU TO URRACA AND RAYADO s-1 1. Abreu, situated at the bottom of Rayado Canyon, is an excellent starting point for expeditions planning to travel along the crystal waters and mountain parks which predominate in Philmont's southern section. Groups going to Rayado Camp to tour the Kit Carson Museum may take either the hot, dry road or follow the horse trail along the creek. 2. As you leave Abreu for Toothache Spring and Urraca, you will pass the foundation of an old staff cabin at the top of a small rise. Then the trail drops down through scrub oak and juniper and passes a small stock tank. Near the bottom of the canyon in a small meadow the trail forks to the north and northeast. Groups going to Stone Wall Pass should head north, while groups planning to climb Urraca Mesa to Toothache Spring and Urraca should turn to the northeast. 3. The trail is increasingly difficult as you ascend the side of the mesa. Enjoy the magnificent view of Philmont's southeastern section. 4. Toothache Spring is always a pleasant surprise for Scouts visiting it for the first time. It is a level park hedged by pine which hides its presence to those climbing up to it. This trail camp offers excellent campsites and plenty of water which must be purified. 5. The final ascent over the basalt cap of Urraca Mesa gives the feeling of entering a lost world. The scrub cover of the side of the mesa gives no hint of the isolated forest which waits above. The mesa top with its cover of large Ponderosa pines is an excellent area for exploring, picture taking, or nature study. 6. After a steep descent off the north side of the mesa, you will reach Urraca. This camp is in a beautiful park with a commanding view of the Tooth of Time and the plains to the east. On the last day you may o'? 0' "a visit the headquarters of Philmont's cattle operations as you hike in to Camp Headquarters. Abreu fo 6 miles hours Abreu to Urraca 4 miles hours 4 miles hours

7 NEW ABREU TO STONEWALL PASS TO URRACA 1. At the top of this hill above Abreu is the foundation of an old staff cabin. Your trail leads northeast. At this point the trail from Abreu joins a jeep road winding to the top of Stone Wall Pass. As you can tell by the closeness of the contours on your Philmont map, your climb will be fairly steep. 3. The top of the pass is a scenic mountain park which serves as an excellent dry trail camp. East and west up the sides of the pass you can see the old stone wall from which the pass got its name. It served as a boundary between the Rayado and Urraca ranches in the 1860's. 4. The trail to the top of Urraca Mesa passes about 50 yards south of the stone wall on an old logging road. The climb is quite steep but the final ascent up and over the top is very rewarding. 5. The top of Urraca Mesa is a large flat land covered with Ponderosa pines. The view from the northern edge of the mesa includes the Tooth of Time Ridge and the prairie to the east. 6. Urraca is just off the basalt cap of Urraca Mesa on the north side. From this beautiful camp you can hike to headquarters on your last day via the headquarters of Philmont's cattle operations. New Abreu to Urraca 4 miles hours via Stone Wall Pass Urraca to New Abreu 4 miles -2.5 hours via Stone Wall Pass

8 NRN ABREU TO CRATER New Abreu, situated in the bottom of Rayado Canyon, is an excellent starting and ending point for expeditions hiking through Philmont's southern section. The rushing waters of the Rayado have always been a favorite for trout fishermen. Here, at the ruins of the old staff cabin, the trail forks. The northeast trail heads for Stone Wall Pass and Toothache Spring. Keep to the west. From here, you are going straight up the side of Fowler Mesa. Look at the view behind you. Another fork in the trail. Expeditions hiking to Aguila, Bear Caves, and Crater must continue north. The trail to the west heads up and over Fowler Mesa to the top of Fowler Pass. Shortly after the trail levels off on an aspen-ringed shelf, the trail passes between twin boulders. Indian writings can be seen on the rock to the west of the trail. Aguila, a scenic but small mountain park, is an excellent trail camp but with a limited water supply. In dry years you may have to move on to Bear Caves or Crater for water. Here the trail from Stone Wall Pass joins the route to Crater. Keep to the west. From here to Crater you will have a spectacular view of the Tooth of Time Ridge. Bear Caves features a large park perched high on the side of Fowler Mesa. Deer coming down to water at the strong spring are often as curious as are the Scouts. 8. Crater Lake offers great picture taking opportunities of the Tooth of Time in the background. New Abreu to Crater 6 miles hours Crater to New Abreu 6 miles - 3 hours

9 NEW ABREU TO LOWER BONITO VIA FOWLER MESA New Abreu, situated at the bottom of the Rayado Canyon, is an excellent starting or ending point for expeditions hiking through Philmont's southern section. The Rayado has always been a favorite for trout fishermen. Here, at the ruins of the old staff cabin, the trail forks. The right hand trail heads for Stone Wall Pass and Toothache Spring. Keep to the west. From here, you are going straight up the side of Fowler Mesa. You are in for some pretty hard hiking here. The switch-backs have been cut into the side of the mesa to make the going a little easier. Please do not cut switch-backs. Doing so causes heavy erosion. Another fork in the trail. Expeditions hiking to Aguila, Bear Caves, and Crater must continue north. Those going to Fowler Mesa and Lower Bonito Trail Camp must make a sharp turn west. This trail offers a moderately steep climb over the basalt cap of the mesa until it joins a faint jeep trail. From here, the walking is easy. The trail is somewhat difficult to follow through a series of small meadows, so take time with your map and compass, and you will have no trouble. Trail camping in this rarely traveled, primitive area is excellent, though dry. At times water can be obtained from a small lake. Purify it carefully. On top of the pass you will hit the access road into Beaubien. One hundred yards down the road to the west begins the trail to Bonito Valley. At the bottom of Bonito Valley turn southeast down the creek to Lower Bonito Trail Camp. Slightly less than one-half mile downstream you can find the spring, west of the creek, back among the Douglas Fir and White Fir trees. Bonito Valley is considered by many to be one of the most beautiful areas on Philmont. Waite Phillips' nephews who worked summers as cowboys at Bonito Cow Camp return from time to time to see once again the "beautiful Bonito." New Abreu to Lower Bonito 7 miles - 4 hours

10 NEW ABREU TO BEAUBIEN VIA LOWER BONITO CANYON 1. The old jeep road from New Abreu to Old Abreu Lodge was destroyed by the 1965 flood. A fairly good trail now leads into the area. 2. The lodge was built by the Abreu family about fifty years ago as a fishing cabin on the Rayado. Please do not camp here. The trail to Lower Bonito Trail Camp and Beaubien begins behind the cabin. 3. The 1965 flood ravaged this entire area. You must consider this canyon hazardous. The trail to Bonito Canyon turns northwest. 4. This is a steep and rugged trail. It is a full day's work getting up the tiers of rock characterizing the lower levels of Bonito Canyon. 5. After the hike up the canyon, coming up into Lower Bonito Valley is always a thrill. The canyon bottom suddenly flattens out into beautiful grassy meadows surrounded by high mountain spruce and fir. 6. :Bonito Cow Camp is a good site for trail camping. Please respect the cabin as it is used by the Cattle Department during round-up time. 7. Expeditions which have camped the night at Lower Bonito may wish to take a side hike to Trail Peak on their way to Beaubien. Drop your packs just off the road, and follow the trail up the peak. The route is not well marked; as a result, you will have to rely on your map and compass. Groups traveling from Abreu to Beaubien in one day will not have enough time to climb Trail Peak. 8. On the northwest peak is the wreckage of a B-24 Liberator bomber which crashed here in 1942 killing all aboard. Leaders, please see that these remains are not molested. 9. Beaubien offers a taste of true high mountain camping. Its white-barked aspen, silver meadows, and cool breezes are among the most memorable experiences of a Philmont trek. Abreu to Lower Bonito 4.6 miles - 3 hours Lower Bonito to Beaubien 4.5 miles - 2 hours

11 NEW ABREU TO FISH CAMP 1. Before the flood of 1965, the trail from New Abreu to Fish Camp was a beautifully wooded foot-path which crossed and recrossed the Rayado Creek. Then the worst flood in the history of Philmont changed the entire nature of the canyon to piles of boulders and rubble. The waters tumbled boulders weighing tons, exposed huge stretches of multi-colored minerals and piled gigantic log jams up and down the canyon. The trip up this canyon is fascinating but must at times be considered hazardous and exhausting. Groups hiking this stretch of the Rayado must exercise a great deal of care and discipline. ; 2. The trail up Bonito Canyon leaves the Rayado at '1 this point heading northwest. Groups heading toward Fish Camp should continue southwest. 3. Throughout this area no set trail has been established. Remnants of the old trail remain which offer easy going.for short stretches but much hiking will be up the field of gravel. Watch your footing! 4. The Craggs is a good trail camp that lies between Fish Camp and Abreu. Fishing is good. 5. The trail between Craggs and Fish Camp is an exciting one. The canyon narrows down and you leave the plains of rubble until just before Fish Camp. Huge cliffs of pink granodiorite flecked with sparkling mica tower over the trail. Here the very bones of Philmont have been exposed, scubbed, and are presented in a shining display. 6. The dark polished logs and intricate iron-work of the main lodge of Fish Camp were spared by the flood and can be visited. Some of the best fishing on the ranch is in this area. New Abreu to Fish Camp 6 miles hours

12 S-7 Lovers Leap to Miners Park 3 miles - 2 hours LOVERS LEAP TO MINERS PARK AND CRATER 1. Lovers Leap, one of the starting camps, is an excellent area for picture taking and side hikes. You can visit the leap itself, a massive natural formation of dacite porphyry, or hike to the stone wall which extends toward both Fowler and Urraca mesas from the top of Stone Wall Pass. If an extra day is planned, Lovers Leap is an excellent base camp for climbing the Tooth of Time or Urraca Mesa. The trail to Miners Park heads west up the south fork of Urraca Creek along the service road. 2. The main road forks south to Crater Lake and west to Miners Park. Continue west for a quarter of a mile where an old unused jeep road cuts north from the main road. Take the jeep trail up into Miners Park. 3. Miners Park is a beautiful mountain park surrounded by one of the finest stands of Ponderosa pine on Philmont. The camp affords a natural site for the study of wildlife and forestry. Native inhabitants include the tassel-eared squirrel and mule aeer. You may have the dubious pleasure of seeing the sometimes bothersome black bear. A. The hike to Crater Lake from Lovers Leap begins on the trail heading south to the top of Stone Wall Pass. TKe trail leads directly to the lowest point on the saddle between Urraca and Fowler mesas. Do not be confused by the several logging roads branching up the mesa. 6. At the top of Stone Wall Pass turn west up Fowler Mesa. The trail follows along a stone wall from which the pass got its name. It served as a boundary between the Rayado and Urraca ranches in the 1860's. C. Just under the cap of Fowler Mesa in a forest of basalt boulders, the trail joins with the trail from Abreu. Heading west along the side of the mesa, the trail passes through Bear Caves, a beautiful park with a strong spring. D. Crater Lake has a series of small meadows with numerous fine campsites. Its position high on the side of Fowler Mesa, with the Tooth of Time in the distance, offers tremendous picture taking opportunities. Lovers Leap to Crater Lake 3.5 miles hours Crater Lake to Lovers Leap 3.5 miles - 2hours

13 CRATER LAKE TO BEAUBlEN S-8 Waite Phillips used Crater Lake as a pack station on the way to Fish Camp. The Crater cabin in the foreground and the Tooth of Time in the background make a great picture. From Crater you can follow the creek bed until it joins the service road just below Fowler Pass; or you can hike on the road all the way to the pass. Jacob Fowler, a Santa Fe trapper and trader, passed through here in the 1820's. Please leave gates as you find them -either opened or closed. The trail to Bonito Valley begins 500 yards down the road from the gate. The best of the two routes to the top of Trail Peak begins here in the meadow. Allow yourself a full two hours for this side hike. In 1942 a 8-24 bomber crashed into the peak, killing all aboard. Please do not disturb the wreckage or the memorial dedicated to the dead aviators. The trail reaches the valley floor one-half mile above Lower Bonito Trail Camp. Across the creek bed begins the trail over Webster Pass. Going to Beaubien, you will walk up the Bonito Valley. The Philmont Cattle Department uses Bonito Cow Camp. Please do not use the cabin or its water supply. A sawmill once stood in this area. The second route up Trail Peak begins at the head of this small canyon. Beaubien is a high mountain park ringed by aspen and fir. Crater to Beaubien 5 miles hours

14 BEAUBIEN TO PORCUPINE Beaubien is a "hub" for the southern sector with trails leading off in several directions into Philrnont's southwestern section, an area dotted with beautiful trail camps and trout streams. At the head of the Beaubien park, you will find the Porcupine road. if the trail down Apache Creek is passable, you can cut off some time by walking down the canyon. Otherwise, you will have to follow the road all the way into Porcupine. Check with the staff at Beaubien. At Porcupine you will want to try fishing in the Rayado. Expeditions have been able to skip trail food for a meal because of a successful afternoon's work with a fishing line. One-half mile up Porcupine Creek is Brownsea Camp, a good place for trail camping. Tucked up along Crooked Creek is a pretty park which is excellent for trail camping. The trail out of Porcupine to Buck Creek Camp is very steep, but your efforts will be rewarded by a scenic campsite and the fishing you can do in Buck Creek. If you have an extra day in this portion of the ranch, you may wish to side hike from Porcupine through Crooked Creek, and then around Buck Creek into Buck Creek Camp and back into Porcupine. Please stay on Philmont property, as there are many logging roads which could confuse you if you wandered into Wild Horse Park. Beaubien to Porcupine 3.2 miles - 2 hours Porcupine to Beaubien 3.2 miles - 3 hours

15 BEAUBIEN OR PORCUPINE TO FISH CAMP From Beaubien, "the hub of the south," you may visit Fish Camp, Waite Phillips' Rayado Creek haven. The trail down Apache Creek may still be passable; or, groups can hike down the road, which is rough in spots. This junction, where the trails from Porcupine and Rayado meet, is called Porky-Ado. Note in this area the tremendous change rushing water can bring upon a landscape. This rubble-strewn field was once a wildflower-laden park. A mile from this point is Buck Creek Camp. The fishing is usually good up the creek. You might want to take time to wet your line. Visit the fishing lodge at Fish Camp. It was startee by George Webster and finished by Waite Phillips, who also built the other buildings. That huge creek bed below the junction of the Rayado and Agua Fria creeks was once covered with grass and wildflowers. In one night a flood replaced gentle beauty with ruggedly primitive grandeur. A trail leads to La Grulla Park from this point. This was where Waite Phillips slid down the building materials for his lodges at Fish Camp. Agua Fria Trail Camp offers a good campsite in the Fish Camp area. When exploring this territory, watch your footing, especially around stream beds and cliffs. The land has not yet settled from the flood of mid-june, Beaubien to Fish Camo 6 miles - 3 hours Fish Camp to Beaubien 6 miles hours II Porcupine to Fish Camp 5.8 miles hours

16 s-11 PORCUPINE TO CLEAR CREEK TO CROOKED CREEK THROUGH WILD HORSE CAMP 1. The upper Rayado Creek is very picturesque country. The hike from Porcupine to Clear Creek Camp brings you through country covered with fir and spruce. The fishing is good all the way up the creek. 2. To the west is the trail to Crooked Creek, a good spot for trail camping. 3. Several miles up Comanche Creek from here is Red Hills Camp. 4. All up and down the Rayado in this area are good places for trail camps. 5. Clear Creek Camp sits near the head of the Rayado Creek. Facilities include a cabin and a good water supply. From here you have a rough but short hike to the top of Mount Phillips - but it's worth it. 6. Clear Creek Camp to Crooked Creek through Wild Horse Camp - follows a well-used service road for one-half mile and then takes an older logging road which cuts off to the west. Three miles further, a trail leads from the logging road into Wild Horse Camp. Follow the blaze marks on the trees all the way. Porcupine to Ciear Creek 6 miles hours 7. Wild Horse Camp has been used little since it was opened in In untouched high mountain scenery, it has a good spring where the water table breaks at the head of the park. 8. When your trail crosses the jeep trail, you may become confused as to which route you should follow. Walk down the creek until you hit the trail, which travels along the creek all the way into Crooked Creek Trail Camp. 9. Crooked Creek is another excellent place for trail camping. This route has taken you through some of the most untouched warts of Philmont. Clear Creek to Porcupine 6 miles hours Clear Creek to Wild Horse Camp 3.5 miles - 2 hours Wild Horse Camp to 3 miles hours Crooked Creek Crooked Creek to Wild Horse Camp 3 miles hours

17 Porcupine to Apache Springs 6 miles - 4 hours PORCUPINE TO APACHE SPRINGS VIA BUCK CREEK and CROOKED CREEK TO APACHE SPRINGS VIA FENCE LINE Porcupine serves as the gateway to Philrnont's primitive southwestern section. From here through Apache Springs are three streams which provide good trout fishing. From Porcupine the best route to Apache Springs is over the steep hill and down into Buck Creek. (Check with the staff at Porcupine.) Buck Creek consists of a picturesque park cut by a sparkling stream. Be sure to purify the water as Upper Buck Creek runs through a large cattle area. The top of this ridge is interlaced with jeep and logging roads. Follow the main jeep road at the top of the ridge west and south for about a quarter of a mile. The trail down Bear Canyon drops steeply off the road south; watch for it carefully. If you miss it, you can follow the jeep trail in to Apache Springs. The trail out of Bear Canyon to Turkey Creek Canyon begins downstream from the springs just above a reservoir. It follows an old jeep trail part of the way. Take careful bearings and you will have no trouble. Apache Springs lies in a spacious and beautiful aspen-bordered park. Below the camp winds the Agua Fria, long a favorite for trout fishermen. Far back in Philmont's high country, Apache is a good place to lay over for an extra day. Winding through a park and feeding into the Rayado Creek lies Crooked Creek which offers an excellent water supply and plenty of room for camping. A trail lying to the west of the Crooked Creek cabin leads toward Buck Creek and Apache Springs. Expeditions hiking from Crooked Creek to Apache have a choice of routes. The more gradual but longer trail leads to Buck Creek and then to Apache via Bear and Turkey Creek canyons. The shorter, but much steeper, route follows the fence line over the top of a yet unnamed mountain. Be sure to keep the fence line to the west. If you drop your packs at the fence and walk 10 yards into Garcia Park, you can see the whole tundra-like park, including Garcia Cow Camp and the old Cartwright Mill site. Since this is not Philmont property, be sure to use your best Scout etiquette. Crooked Creek to Apache Springs 4 miles - 4 hours

18 APACHE SPRINGS TO LOWER BONITO 1. The route through the Apache Springs and Lost Cabin area follows one of Waite Phillips' favorite horseback riding trails. 2. Here the trail over to Lost Cabin passes by two wrecked cabins built by some of the first Scouts on Philmont. Lost Cabin, one-half mile off the main trail is an excellent trail camp. 3. As you come down into the Agua Fria, be careful of loose boulders and log jams piled high by torrential waters. 4. Agua Fria Trail Camp has in its area one of the few trail campsites available on the way to Fish Camp. This entire valley, once beautiful park land, was reduced to a rubble-strewn stream bed by the 1965 flood. 5. From here, a trail goes up to La Grulla park and on to Rimrock Lake. This is where Waite Phillips brought down the materials used in the construction of Fish Camp. 6. The main lodge at Fish Camp was begun by George Webster and completed by Waite Phillips who built the remainder of the Rayado Canyon complex. Note where the servants' lodge, once standing between the other lodges on the south side of the Agua Fria River, was completely demolished in the disastrous flood of Webster Pass once served as the main pack train route into the Rayado Valley. From here, you have a spectacular view of the whole canyon. The pass from the Rayado side is extremely steep, as you can see from the topographical map. 8. Lower Bonito offers one of the best trail campsites between Apache Springs and Crater Lake Camp. Apache Springs to Lower Bonito 6 miles - 5 hours

19 APACHE SPRINGS TO RIMROCK LAKE* As you enter Garcia Park, your eye picks out the old Cartwright Mill Site, Garcia Cow Camp, Apache Peak, and the high, majestic Taos Range of mountains to the northwest. In the early parts of the summer much snow remains on these peaks, and many snow banks can be found in Garcia Park itself. Be careful of the cattle in this area. They are not as docile as Philmont cattle. Walk across the park behind Apache Peak. Here you pass next to the very southwestern corner of Philmont's property as the old road joins the power line which you will now follow. 3. At this point the Ojo de Maiz Creek flows down to the Agua Fria. Since the water at Rimrock Lake tends to become stagnant in the middle of the summer, you should fill your canteens with fresh water here. Be sure to purify with iodine tablets., 4. The two cabins here are a part of the La Grulla i Cow Camp which belongs to McDaniel and Sons, Incorporated. Please do not loiter in this area but do enjoy the marvelous view of the meadow which was once La Grulla Lake. You should leave the power line here and follow the road until you reach Rimrock Lake. I 5. The water of Rimrock Lake will be good for cooking and drinking if it is strained and purified. At the edge of the lake, the rimrock affords a breathtaking view of Crater and Rayado Peaks, the Tooth of Time, and the Rayado Canyon down to Abreu and off into the plains of eastern New Mexico. Apache Springs to Rirnrock Lake 7 miles hours *Note: This trail is outside of Philmont property. Our good neighbors to the south and west have gi.ien Philmont campers the privilege of hiking through their property. Please do not abuse this privilege.

20 RIMROCK LAKE TO ABREU* S Rimrock Lake, situated above a precipitous cliff which falls headlong into the Rayado Canyon, offers good trail camping if the water is carefully strained and purified. From the lake you may follow either the road or the power line on your way to Abreu. The road is longer but easier. You may follow the power line as the brush underneath it has been cleared. 2. No trail exists down the rimrock. This cliff can be extremely hazardous. Much of your hiking from here will be right through rather thick scrub oak. You may elect to follow the power line down, or continue on the road until you reach a lower elevation from which you can descend to Abreu more safely. 3. The best place to cross the rimrock is around this area. All along here you will have to "bush-whack" until you hit some open places outside of Abreu. Be sure to use your map and compass if you become confused. 4. Do not plan on covering more territory after you leach Abreu from Rimrock Lake. This hike can be 'very tiring, and you will need some time for rest. No expeditions should plan on hiking up the Rimrock from Abreu to Rimrock Lake. Rimrock Lake to Abreu 8.5 miles - 5 hours 'Note: This trail is outside of Philmont property. Our good neighbors to the south and west have given Philmont campers the privilege of hiking through their property. Please do not abuse this privilege.

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22 CLARKS FORK TO HARLAN VIA WEBSTER LAKE 1. In the shadow of Shaefers Peak and surrounded by pines, Clarks Fork is a perfect place to become accustomed to the altitude before you head into the high country. 2. If you are hiking to Harlan from Clarks Fork, you should walk down the Clarks Fork road until you meet the Cimarroncito Road, which you will follow to the head of Webster Reservoir. 3. Here, about a mile from the lake, is Webster Trail Camp. If you plan on fishing in the reservoir, you might want to camp here. 4. George H. Webster, Jr., built this reservoir in 1910 in order to irrigate his Urraca Ranch, centered where Camping Headquarters now stands. You can catch bluegill, bass and trout here. The fishing is often excellent. On your way to Harlan you now follow an old road which leads up Deer Lake Mesa to the north of the reservoir. You are in for some steep uphill climbing. 5. Vaca Pond is stagnant and should not be used for drinking water. Harlan Camp has good water and is just over the hill. 6. Harlan Camp derives its name from Thomas P. Harlan, the promoter of the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Railroad which ran through the Cimarron Canyon. From the ridge above Harlan you can see out past Cirnarron to the mesa-dotted New Mexico plains, the Tooth of Time Ridge, and north into Colorado. Ask the staff here about side hikes to Deer Lake. Clarks Fork to Harlan Harlan to Clarks Fork 7 miles hours 7 miles hours

23 CLARKS FORK TO CIMARRONCITO VIA HIDDEN VALLEY Clarks Fork is a perfect place from which to continue the assault on the high country of Philmont's central country. Take the pack trail west from Clarks Fork to the service road. East of you, as you approach the road, you will see Cimarroncito Reservoir which supplies water to the town of Cimarron. It was built in 1907 by George H. Webster, Jr. When you reach the road, you will see two routes to Cimarroncito. One continues north up the service road past the hunting lodge for a short easy hike. The other is a more difficult route with spectacular scenery via Hidden Valley. The trail leaves the road heading north less than one-quarter of a mile east of where the Clarks Fork pack trail joins the service road. The initial climb is quite steep as it takes you 640 feet above Cathedral Rock and Cimarroncito Reservoir in less than half a mile. The spectacular panorama makes the climb worthwhile as you look out from Window Rock into miles of prairie to the east. Aspen Springs is a good trail camp, though usually dry. You may take advantage of the Cimarroncito program or explore Hidden Valley. Cimarroncito stretches for over a mile down this big valley. Cimarroncito is one of the oldest camps on the ranch. Follow your ranger's advice on securing hard-to-find wood in the heavily camped areas. From Cimarroncito you can climb the "hogback" ridge above your campsite or climb Cimarroncito Peak to the west. Clarks Fork to Cimarroncito via Hidden Valley 3 miles hours Cirnarroncito to Clarks Fork via Hidden Valley 3 miles hours

24 CIMARRONCITO TO HARLAN AND DEER LAKE MESA C-3 1. Cimarroncito is a good branching off spot for trips either north or south. On your way to Harlan you walk through the length of the valley until you meet a trail that veers east and down the slope. 2. Aspen Springs makes a good trail camp. Be sure to purify all water you take from springs, streams and ponds on Philmont. 3. Be certain to take the correct trail at this junction. Deer Lake Mesa is straight in front of you (east). You will walk down the jeep trail a short distance until you see the foot trail starting up the mesa. From here you will be climbing continually until you reach Harlan. The side of the mesa affords a spectacular view of the Tooth of Time Ridge. 4. Vaca Pond is stagnant and should not be used for a water supply. 5. You will walk through a large park and over a little ridge before you finally reach Harlan. 6. A trip to the top of Deer Lake Mesa might make an enjoyable side hike. The water of the lake is not good for drinking. Bring full canteens. Cimarroncito to Harlan via Deer Lake Mesa 5.5 miles - 3 hours

25 HARLAN TO THE BENCH TRAIL CAMP TO HARLAN VIA DEER LAKE MESA \ 1. Harlan Camp is located in a beautiful mountain park above the Cimarrorr Canyon. I 2. You should exercise caution in passing this point. The road is badly washed out beyond the pump \ at th~ spring, which serves as the water supply for Harlan. J i I 3. In wet weather the road is under water in this area. Use your own discretion in getting around it. 4. In wet seasons a lake forms at this point, making 2 the trail difficult to find. Be sure to take your bear- 0 ings accurately. 5. John Westfall, director of the Bench Camp in 1947, wrote the Philmont Hymn. As you look out towards./ Ute Park and Baldy Mountain, you will understand the source of his inspiration - "purple mountains rise against an azure sky." In dry years the spring at the Bench has ceased flowing. You may be able to raise the lid of the spring box and dip water out. Use a clean bucket. If no water is available, you will have to hike down to the Cimarron River. There are some places by the river that would be suitable for camping. Any water you take from the river should be doubly purified -two iodine tablets per quart, instead of one. There are many tourists camping up the canyon from you. 6. The best trail camping on Deer Lake Mesa is at Devil's Wash Basin. Extensive grassy areas shaded by Ponderosa pine surround the basin and can be found throughout the area. The water, however, is stagnant and requires a double dose of purification tablets. 7. This spring can be found a short distance upstream. from a small reservoir and is an excellent supply of water. The camping in the immediate area is limited, but quite good. 8. The water of Deer Lake Mesa is not good for drinking. Watch your footing on the final steep descent into Harlan. Harlan to The Bench 6.2 miles - 4 hours

26 WEBSTER PARKS AND CIMARRONCITO TO SAWMILL 1. Webster Parks is a beautiful starting camp located in a series of meadows on the slopes of Cimarroncito Peak. These parks offer plenty of ground cover and firewood, as well as one of the best views of the north slopes of the Tooth of Time Ridge. The trail to Sawmill begins at the northernmost end of the meadows. From Cimarroncito the trail begins at the north end of the valley. A number of trails come together at this point, so check your map carefully before heading up Sawmill Canyon. 2. Sawmill Canyon was once the scene of a large and fairly recent logging operation. Wood and water are plentiful, and good trail campsites are available all up and down the Sawmill Creek. 3. Sawmill sits on a hill just west of the junction of the two forks of Sawmill Creek. The entire canyon is an excellent place for bird-watching or the study of forestry. Webster Parks and Cimarroncito to Sawmill 4 miles - 2 hours

27 BENCH TRAIL CAMP TO CIMARRONCITO AND SAWMILL C-6 The Bench is a grassy mountain park above Ute Park. You have an excellent view of Philmont's Baldy Mountain, from which was taken millions of dollars worth of gold. To the left of Baldy, you can see Touch-Me-Not Mountain. The trail from the Bench to both Cimarroncito and Sawmill camps is long and tiring. Plan on breaking camp early and spending most of the day hiking. Take full canteens because good water is not available until you reach Sawmill Canyon or Ute Gulch. A lake may form here in wet seasons. If you meet this body of water which obliterates the trail, you should make a sharp turn to the right and head into the brush along the gully until you are able to return to the trail. Devil's Wash Basin becomes quite stagnant during the summer. If you must use its water, be sure to strain and purify it carefully. Above Ute Gulch, from Ute Park Pass, you get a great view of the Tooth of Time Ridge. This was where Ansel Adams, the famous wildlife photographer, took several pictures which appeared in a 1962 BOYS' LIFE feature story on Philmont. Groups hiking to Cimarroncito should travel through Ute Gulch. When the trail from Ute Park Pass meets the Sawmill Creek, groups going to Sawmill Camp should hike up-canyon. All along here are good spots for trail camps. This area around Sawmill Camp was the scene of a fairly recent logging operation. Many logging roads lace through this canyon. Be wary of straying off on them. Sawmill Camp is located on a hill not far from the junction of the two forks of the Sawmill Creek. Wood is plentiful around the campsites. Cimarroncito Camp comprises over a mile of a large valley. Facilities include showers.

28 CIMARRONCITO AND CLARKS FORK TO CYPHERS MINE The route to Cyphers Mine begins on the service road leading out of Cimarroncito. Just opposite the hunting lodge that was built by Waite Phillips, head west on the old mining road. From Clarks Fork, head northwest over the pack trail and up the service road until you meet the old mining road. Here you have a choice of routes, both quite scenic. The North Fork trail is the more rugged and primitive. Towering, moss-covered cliffs dripping with spring water and outcroppings of red shale highlight this trail. Plan a hard day's hike if you plan to hike up this creek. You should take this route coming down from Cyphers. The Middle Fork trail follows the old mining road most of the way. A short cut exists, cutting off the long truck switchback of the road. Groups going to Lambert Mine Trail Camp should continue straight ahead. Those traveling to Cyphers should take the trail linking the two parts of the Cyphers road. Charlie Cyphers worked a mine here for ten years around the turn of the century. Because he was showing only meager profit for his efforts, he closed down the operation. You will be able to tour the Contention Mine which extends several hundred feet into the mountain. You should also visit the mining museum to view the artifacts of days gone by. Expeditions routed to Black Mountain from Cyphers can use the circle trail leading out through Lambert Mine Trail Camp. Cimarroncito to Cyphers Mine 6 miles hours Lambert Mine is a good site for trail camping. The creek here offers an ample water supply, and wood is fairly plentiful. Lambert once served as a mining area. You can see some ruined cabins and a large rock slide below a caved-in mine. Cyphers Mine to Cimarroncito 6 miles hours Clarks Fork to Cyphers Mine 6.3 miles - 4 hours Cyphers Mine to Clarks Fork 6.3 miles - 3 hours

29 ~ ~.~ ~ - ClMARRONClTO TO CIARKS FORK 7 C-8 TO MINERS PARK VIA SHAEFERS PASS /I 1 1. There are many opportunities for side hikes around Cimarroncito. You can walk to Webster Parks, Hidden Valley, Cimarroncito Reservoir; or you can look! down on the entire valley from atop the "hogback." 2. Waite Phillips used this lodge as a headquarters during hunting season. 3. From here you get a picture-postcard shot of Cimarroncito Reservoir and Cathedral Rock. George H. Webster. Jr., built this lake in 1907 in order to sell water to the people in Cimarron. The wire-wrapped wooden pipe he installed to carry water to the town was partially replaced by cast iron pipe in early Both Cimarroncito and Clarks Fork are in the midst of bear country. You should be able to find both bear tracks and bears themselves. Although Philmont's black bears are not ornery by nature, they can be dangerous when provoked. Under no circumstances should you separate a mother bear from her cubs or in any other way antagonize these wild animals. 5. The climb up Shaefers Pass from Clarks Fork is one of the hardest climbs on the ranch. For this reason, you should not plan on taking a side hike to the Tooth of Time from Clarks Fork, unless you allow a complete day. 6. Shaefers Pass makes an excellent trail camp. Check at Camping Headquarters about the availability of water here. If you plan to hike down the Tooth of Time Ridge into headquarters on your last day, plan / on spending your last night on top of the pass. I 7. There is a good trail campsite in the area where this trail crosses the Urraca Creek. 8. Miners Park served as a rest stoo for miners on ~ their way to the diggings. After your climb over Shaefers Pass you, too, will find this large - park to be a welcome resting place. ~ Cimarroncito to Clarks Fork 3 miles hours Clarks Fork to Miners Park 4.2 miles hours

30 CLEAR CREEK TO CYPHERS MINE AND SAWMILL C-9 1. On the banks of the upper Rayado Creek, Clea?' Creek Camp lies in the shadow of Mount Waite Phillips. If you plan your trip over the top of the mountain from the Sawmill side, you will be taking one of the hardest and roughest hikes on the ranch. Be sure to break camp early because you will spend most of the day hiking. Carry full canteens as them is no water between camps. 2. From Clear Creek you cl~mb 1,520 feet to the peak, The tra~l up Mount Wa~te Phillips c~rcles outside the ranch boundaries. Do not follow the fence l~ne. In 1960 this peak, formerly called Clear Creek Mountain, was renamed in honor of Waite Phillips who gave these majestic mountains for us to enjoy. The panorama you have from the top is d~fficulto match anywhere else on the ranch. Stick close together. On your way to Cyphers and Sawm~ll you should walk along the top until the trail starts dropping on the way to Comanche Peak, 3. At this saddle groups hiking to Cyphers should turn their backs to Touch-Me-Not Mountain and walk down the trail into Cyphers. Those traveling to Sawmill should take the jeep trail, continuing along the ridge. Cyphers Mine is situated in a narrow canyon with a small creek running through it. Charlie Cyphers operated a mine here around the turn of the century. He made no profit and had to close down. At Cyphers Mine you can visit the museum, filled with artifacts of the mining days. 4. At this point the trail leaves the jeep road along the ridge and follows an old lumbering road down to Sawmill. Clear Creek to Cyphers Mine 7 miles - 5 hours 5. Sawmill Camp, at one time the site of an extensive logging operation, sits just above the junction of the forks of Sawmill Creek. This area has been used little for camping, and firewood is quite abundant. Cyphers Mine to Clear Creek 7 miles - 6 hours Clear Creek to Sawmill 9 miles - 6 hours Sawmill to Clear Creek 9 miles - 8 hours Cyphers Mine to Sawmill 5.3 miles hours

31 C-10 CYPHERS MINE TO RED HILLS TRAIL CAMP Around the turn of the century, Cyphers area served as a small mining region. Compared to the mining done in the Baldy country Cyphers was a "piker." The climb out of Cyphers up the road to the saddle and then on the trail to Comanche Peak is a rough one. You climb from 9,200 feet to 11,086 feet. Take water with you as none is available until you reach Red Hills. From this saddle below Comanche Peak, you have a magnificent view of Touch-Me-Not and Baldy mountains. The trail now winds southwest up Comanche Peak. Here, on the side of Comanche Peak, you can drop your packs and take a side hike to Mount Phillips. Allow at least two hours. This extra time on the trail will be well rewarded by the breath-taking panorama you see from the top. This peak, formerly called Clear Creek Mountain, was renamed in honor of Waite Phillips, who donated this big country for us to enjoy. Early in the summer you will find snow on top of the mountain. Look for the Vertical Angle Bench Mark on top of Mount Waite Phillips. These three altitude markers were positioned by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Department of the Interior. At the head of Comanche Creek lies Red Hills Trail Camp. From here you might want to take a side hike to Big Red, which is 11,024 feet high. The trail starts one-half mile down the creek from the campsite. Follow the paint on the trees and rocks to the top. Cyphers Mine to Red Hills 6 miles - 5 hours Red Hills to Cyphers Mine 6 miles - 3 hours Side hikes to Mount Waite Phillips 4 miles hours Round-trip

32 C.-.L1 a RED HILLS TRAIL CAMP TO PORCUPINE At the head of Comanche Creek, Red Hills Trail Camp lies in a canyon below Big Red. Hiking to Porcupine, you have a choice of routes. You can follow Comanche Creek down to the Rayado Creek and then to Porcupine; or, climb up the side of Big Red and follow the ridge trail which descends through Brownsea along the Porcupine Creek. The former is easier, and both are scenic routes. The trail up Big Red begins less than one-half mile below Red Hills Trail Camp. Follow the paint on trees and rocks up this gully. If you are taking the easier route to Porcupine, hike along Comanche Creek. Here you encounter the Rayado Creek, which is excellent for fishing. Notice the scenic aspen and spruce forest along your route. You will see much Douglas fir, chief source of timber in the United States. Crooked Creek Camp comprises a high mountain park tucked above the Rayado Creek. Facilities include a cabin and an excellent water supply. You may want to camp here. Try fishing in the Rayado Creek around Porcupine. Groups have been able to supplement their trail food with a trout supper by wetting their fishing lines. Along Porcupine Creek, one-half mile from Porcupine Camp, is Brownsea, another good site for trail camping. You will find an old cabin and an adequate water supply. Red Hills Trail Camp to Porcupine 5.5 miles hours The climb up the hill above Buck Creek Camp will tire you, but your reward - a pretty meadow sliced by a trout stream - serves as compensation. You would enjoy trail camping here. Porcupine to Red Hills Trail Camp 5.5 miles - 4 hours Red Hills Trail Camp to Porcupine via Brownsea 5.2 miles - 3 hours Brownsea to Red Hills Trail Camp via Porcupine 5.2 miles - 4 hours

33 i Camp. 5. Near this fork is a caved-in miner's cabin, a remnant of gold-digging days of the past. Red Hills to Black Mountain 5 miles hours 6. Beneath towering Black Mountain and bordering on a sparkling stream, Black Mountain Camp is one of the most scenic sites on the ranch. 7. The trail over the top of Bonito Peak to Beaubien is a very scenic route. 8. Beaubien, a large mountain park ringed by aspen. serves as the crossroads of the south. Visit the Trapper's Lodge. Black Mountain to Red Hills 5 miles hours Red Hills to Beaubien 5.5 miles hours Beaubien to Red Hills 5.5 miles hours

34 - -- BEAUBIEN TO BLACK MOUNTAIN TO CYPHERS MINE 1. From Beaubien Camp, named after one of the grantees of a huge New Mexican land grant of which Philmont is less than one-tenth, you will climb 400 feet and then drop 800 feet before reaching Black Mountain Camp. Please do not cut the numerous switch-backs on the Black Mountain side of the trail. Doing so causes serious erosion. 2. In 1897 a retired Army colonel, Samuel Matthews, carried on a hydraulic mining operation along the North Fork of the Urraca Creek. He and his ten employees packed in 600 feet of pipe and several thousand board feet of lumber. In 1898, when the creek went dry, he left. There are no mine shafts at Black Mountain Camp, but you can still see the pipe Matthews hauled in. 3. One-half mile beyond Black Mountain Camp you can see a sluice box and a canal used for placermining. Further on, you will see a caved-in cabin. which was used by miners years ago. 4. Comanche Pass is steep, especially on the Lambert Mine side. Use proper hiking methods so as to avoid twisted ankles. Do not cut switch-backs. 5. Lambert Mine, with an old cabin and an adequate water supply, makes a good spot for a trail camp. The mine shaft in this area has caved in. You can see the rock pile denoting its location. To Cyphers you can take the steep but shorter trail up the mountain, or you can follow the longer but easier road around. Along the steeper part of this circle trail, you will see many mine tailings and some caved-in shafts. 6. The Contention Mine at Cyphers is open for your inspection. Also, visit the museum where minine artifacts are displayed. Black Mountain to Cyphers Mine 5.5 miles -4 hours Beaubien to Black Mountain 2.5 miles hours Black Mountain to Beaubien 2.5 miles - 2 hours

35 BLACK MOUNTAIN TO MINERS PARK C-14 From Black Mountain Camp, one of the most scenic on the ranch, you may want to side hike up Black Mountain - 10,892 feet high. Do not attempt to take your packs up the mountain. Although it is marked on the topographical map, the trail from Black Mountain to Shaefers Pass is practically obliterated. In 1897 Samuel Matthews, a retired Army colonel, did some hydraulic mining in the Black Mountain area. You can still see part of the 600 feet of pipe and a portion of the several thousand board feet of lumber he and his ten employees hauled in. Philmont rangers prefer the trail along the North Fork of the Urraca to almost any other route on the ranch because of its rugged beauty. Look for bear along this creek. GrlzzlyTooth, as you can see by looking at it, is well named. A sharp out-crop of rock jutting into the sky, it looks l~ke the fang from a nightmarishly large bear. Along the Urraca Creek from Black Mountain to Miners Park are scenic spots for trail camping. Purify the water you take out of the stream. There are many Scouts camping above you. Ponderosa pine surround Miners Park, a good place for the study of forestry. Black Mountain to Miners Park 5.5 miles - 3 hours Miners Park to Black Mountain 5.5 miles - 4 hours

36 MINERS PARK TO URRACA VIA NORTH FORK OF URRACA CREEK North of Miners Park is the North Fork of the Urraca. Your trail follows down the stream bed. Notice how water acts as the artisan of nature. The 1965 flood scooped much topsoil out of this canyon and reduced the floor and side walls to rock. You will cross through the Urraca many times. Watch your step on slippery rocks. Use the good h~king methods your ranger taught you. This reservoir supplies the headquarters of Philmont with water. No swimming, please! Fishing is permitted, however. The Stockade, fashioned after the old frontier forts, and the excellent view of the Tooth of Time makes this an ideal spot to stop for pictures. Across the reservoir from the road, a trail leads southeast up Urraca Mesa. This trail is steep, so pace yourself. Urraca is a pine-ringed park with a strong spring which perches high on the side of Urraca Mesa. From this camp, you may explore the top of the mesa and, on your hike-in day, visit Philmont's Cattle Department. Miners Park to Urraca 6.2 miles - 5 hours Urraca to Miners Park 6.2 miles hours

37 MINERS PARK TO CRATER LAKE TO URRACA C From Miners Park groups should head south down the service road to the Beaubien road. There, head west to the trail cutting south from the road. 2. Here the trail comes upon the service road just above Crater Lake. Follow the road downhill to Crater Lake. 3. The trail passes through Crater heading west and south and leads just under the caprock of Fowler Mesa to Bear Caves. 4. Here the trail forks. The south fork continues around the mesa to Aguila and down off the side of the mesa to the top of Stone Wall Pass. Along the way to the top of the pass you will follow the stone wall from which the pass got its name. It was built in the 1860's and was probably the boundaty between the Urraca and Rayado ranches. 5. At the top of the pass continue on up the side of Urraca Mesa following an old logging road. Fifty or so yards to the north is another section of the stone wall. 6. The top of Urraca Mesa offers some spectacular scenery. Here, large Ponderosa pine trees grow on a mile-long, entirely flat, table-land region. From the north rim, you view the entire south and central areas of the ranch, including the Tooth of Time, Camping Headquarters, and the plains reaching past Cimarron. 7. After a steep descent you are in Urraca, a beautiful meadow high on the north side of the mesa. From here you can spend part of your final hike-~n day visiting the headquarters of Philmont's cattle operations. Miners Park to Crater Lake 2.8 miles hours Crater Lake to ~rrica 5.8 miles - 4 hours

38 MINERS PARK TO CAMPING HEADQUARTERS VIA TOOTH OF TIME RIDGE 1. Comprising a large meadow ringed by Ponderosa pine, Miners Park served as a rest spot for miners on their way to the diggings. Don't get too friendly with the bears here - they can be ornery. 2. Urraca Creek has some nice spots for a night of trail camping. The climb up Shaefers Pass is rugged. Please do not cut switch-backs. 3. Shaefers Pass serves as an excellent trail camp. Check at Camping Headquarters about the availability of water here. From Shaefers Pass you will climb 640 feet to Shaefers Peak and then follow along the ridge trail. Although you can see the Tooth from Shaefers Peak, it is farther than it looks. Don't be discouraged if it is not right around the corner. Carry water with you because there is none along the ridge trail. 4. There is no distinct path linking the ridge trail with the Tooth. If you are carrying packs, drop them and find your way up the back of the Tooth - a sheer monolith of dacite porphyry. The Tooth is 9,000 feet high, and it gives you an excellent view of the southern and central sections of the ranch. Far below you to the south, you can see Stockade. Camping Headquarters is at the end of the ridge to your left. Miners Park to 8 miles - 6 hours Camping Headquarters via Tooth of Time Ridge Clarks Fork to 8 miles - 6 hours Camping Headquarters via Tooth of Time Ridge A side hike to the Tooth is best made from Stockade. If you are carrying packs, do not plan on hiking up the ridge from Camping Headquarters or Stockade. You should plan on a night of trail camping; then walk over the ridge into Camping Headquarters the next day. Otherwise, if you want to hike the ridge trail with packs, you will have to walk from Miners Park or from Clarks Fork into Camping Headquarters on your last day.

39

40 FOUR-MILE TO INDIAN WRITINGS N-1 1. Four-Mile is a beautifully situated camp command. ing a magnificent view of the Middle Ponil Canyon. Its location makes it an excellent starting point for expeditions planning to hike Philmont's north countly. 2. The trail to lndian Writings starts up the mouth of Corral Canyon, across the Ponil Creek from Four- Mile. The trail follows the canyon up and over massive shelves of sandstone until it tops out, not on the main ridge, but on a saddle connecting the main ridge to a small point which overlooks the Middle Ponil Canyon. 3. Take careful bearings here or you may end up heading down lndian Canyon, back into Middle Ponil where you started. Follow the saddle northeast until it meets the McBride Canyon jeep trail on top of the ridge. Turn northwest along this jeep trail and follow the top of the main ridge, which overlooks both forks of the Ponil Creek. 4. At this point the jeep trail drops off the top of the ridge, north, down to the bottom of a canyon where it merges with the trail from Ponil. Follow the trail east to the rimrock and pass through a wire gate. Be especially careful of loose rock as the trail makes the final steep drop down into North Ponil Canyon. 5. At lndian Writings you will want to take advantage of the excellent archaeology program offered. Groups especially interested should stay two days and take part in the actual excavations. Four-Mile to Indian Writings 3.9 miles - 3 hours

41 FOUR-MILE TO NEW DEAN AND DEAN COW CAMP 1. The trail to Dean Canyon and Skyline begins up Trail Canyon, a wild, primitive canyon opening from the south into Middle Ponil Canyon. The trail follows the bed of an intermittent stream around to the south and then the west. 2. Here a set of nine switch-backs takes you up into the fossil-bearing strata of sandstone. Please do not cut switch-backs. 3. On the top of the ridge your route meets the Skyline Trail. Dean Canyon is ahead of you to the south. Behind you can be seen a great portion of Middle Ponil Canyon. Groups hiking to Dean Cow Camp should head east to the Chandler Canyon road and south into Dean Canyon. Those going to New Dean will head west along Skyjine. 4. Numerous fine campsites can be found near th~s junctlon for groups needing a trail camp, but the nearest water is at New Dean. The trail to New Dean leaves the Skyline at this point and heads south off the ridge. 5. New Dean, named after Bob Dean, a ranch foreman of the area, has many fine campsites and a good supply of water from a windmill-driven well. 6. The flat meadow and tall, scattered Ponderosa pine of Dean Cow Camp are always a welcome sight to groups coming from the hard climb up Trail Canyon. The whole of Dean Canyon was once the site of a large cattle operation. Four-Mile to Dean Cow Camp 3.4 miles hours Four-Mile to New Dean 4 miles hours

42 PONIL (BENT) TO INDIAN WRITINGS TO OLD CAMP Ponil was once known as "Five Points " in the days when it was the headquarters of the Philturn Rocky Mountain Scout Camp, because of the five directions which could be chosen up the canyons within the space of a mile - Horse Canyon, Cedar Canyon, South Ponil Canyon, and up or down Middle Ponil Canyon. The trail to lndian Writings begins behind the staff dining hall. Some groups have become confused in this area because they turn off to Stony Point, instead of going up Hart Peak before descending to lndian Writings. North Ponil Canyon was an area of intense lndyan settlement about one thousand years ago. You can see on the rocks near lndian Writings the petroglyphs left by these people of a marginal Pueblo- Plains culture. Accompanied by the lndian Writings archaeologists you may visit the main site where a pit house and a slab house have been unearthed. If you schedule a two-night stay at this camp, you can take part in the archaeology program which includes excavation. The trail heading up Cottonwood Trail Canyon leads to a number of excellent primitive trail camps. This is mountain lion country, but Scouts who are sharpeyed enough to glimpse one are lucky indeed. The road you will follow to Old Camp travels along the bed of the Cimarron and Northwestern Railroad which hauled timber from a large logging operation in this area around the turn of the century. Midway between the two camps, and not far off the road, you can see cabin ruins. Near here, Charles Bent founded, in 1844, one of the earliest settlements on Philmont. After the U.S. Army marched into New Mexico in 1846, it was taken over and used for grazing. An old army issue bucket dated 1845 was found here in 1956, indicating that there may have been a cavalry unit posted in this area. Old Camp has two cook shelters and a windmill. Purify the water. Ponil to Indian Writings 3.5 miles hours Indian Writings to Old Camp 5 miles - 2 hours

43 Ponil to Old Camp via Horse Canyon 5 miles hours BENT AND PONlL TO OLD CAMP VIA HORSE CANYON A good route to and from Old Camp from Ponil IS through Horse Canyon. Be sure to have your canteens full as there is no water between Ponil and Old Camp. Tie the load on those burros securely. A scenic route with a commanding view of Baldy and the snow.capped peaks to the north is via the Ridge Trail. Take the trail leading up behind the Ponil staff dining hall and follow it up and just over Hart Peak. The trail follows the ridge northwest over high Ponderosa pine-studded parks excellent for trail camping. In this area you will see the remains of cabins built by some loggers who operated on Philmont. All along this dry creek bed you can see large overhanging rocks where you might find lndian symbols. This is mountain lion country. If you are lucky, you will see lion tracks - but hardly ever the animal. Groups without burros should take the east trail at this junction. Because of the steepness and narrowness of this route, expeditions with burros are advised to continue up Horse Canyon and then take the next trail to the right. From here, you follow the ridge northeast, then begin a steep descent into the, North Ponil Canyon. As you look down, you can see the windmill at Old Camp. It is farther than it looks! Old Camp, located on an open, well drained slope on the floor of the North Ponil Canyon, has two cook shelters, a burro corral, and a windmill with good water which still must be purified in the interests of health. Around Old Camp you will find evidence of early occupation. In the camp itself are remains of a cabin. Strewn on the ground in the general vicinity are broken parts of settlers tools and other utilitarian items. While exploring~ the hillsides, you may come upon evidence of prey historic lndian occupation. Do not disturb any artifacts you find. ~eport their location immediatelf to a staff member in order that a trained archaeologist can inspect the find and determine its value in piecing together the story of ancient man on Philmont. Old Camp to Ponil via Horse Canyon 5 miles hours Ponil to Old Camp via Ridge Trail 5.5 miles - 4 hours

44 OLD CAMP TO DAN BEARD TO PONlL 1. Old Camp was once a settlement called Metcalf on the Cimarron and Northwestern Railroad when this area was the seat of a large logging operation. North of Old Camp, up the North Ponil Canyon, you can see old ties and trestles over which the train once ran. The first portion of the trail to Dan Beard follows the canyon road for about a quarter of a mile to the \ mouth of Cook Canyon where the foot trail begins. 2. Cook Canyon is a long, dry hlke on a hot day but, nevertheless, IS comparatively easy. The tra~l follows the full length - of Cook Canvon before breaklna - off to the left and ascending a gradual slope until it reaches the ridge above Bonita Canyon. About midway in Cook Canyon, a stone fireplace still stands as a vestige of the lumbering and ranching activities carried on here at the turn of the century. 3. On the hill above Dan Beard, you will enjoy one of the, most exhilarating views Philrnont has to offer. Below you lies ~onita-canyon in which Dan Beard Trail Camp lounges lazily in a wildflower-speckled meadow. Off to the west you can see Baldy Mountain stretching its rose-colored cap high into the sky. In normal years, the Dan Beard well is good but. even so. be sure to ourifv the water. 4. From Dan Beard to Ponil you will follow the jeep road which runs along the fence line until you meet tha trail dropping into Horse Canyon. L 5. Along here, you will see the remains of a cabin built. by some loggers who operated on Philmont. Look for signs of wildlife, especially mountain lion. Rattlesnakes are abundant in this country. Watch where (ou put your hands and feet. Old Camp to Dan Beard 5 miles hours Dan Beard to Ponil 7 miles - 3 hours Ponil to Dan Beard 7 miles - 5 hours

45 DAN BEARD TO BENT TO PUEBLANO The greater portion of this trail is outside ranch boundaries so assume your best Scout manners. By either route this trail is long with difficult climbs. Get an early start and maintain an even, steady pace, and you will enjoy some of the magnificent views on this hike. The trail from Dan Beard begins to the southeast, down Bonita Canyon. Two choices of trails are available from the mouth of Bonita Canyon. Groups hiking from Dan Beard usually prefer to hike northwest up the Middle Ponil Creek to the old headquarters of the Stern Ranch and then southwest up the jeep road. (The land is state-owned.) Alternatively, you may turn southeast down the canyon and climb Wilson Mesa on the trail just inside the ranch boundaries. From Bent you also have a choice of routes. If you intend to spend the day participating in the NRA and program at Pueblano, you must take the road from Ponil up South Ponil Canyon. If you would rather spend the day hiking and enjoying the spectacular scenery, hike over Wilson Mesa along the ranch boundary. The trail here is very steep and criss-crossed by the old wagon road which serviced the farm on Wilson Mesa. West of the trail an old seeder can still be found, as well as other farming and ranching relics. This large park presents perhaps the most spectacular view of Baldy and Touch-Me-Not mountains. Spend some time exploring the old ruins in this beautiful meadow and keep a careful watch for elk often seen coming to water at the reservoir. The trail down to Pueblano starts down immediately south of the intermittent spring at the main group of ruins. Watch your step down this old wagon road. Pueblano is the gateway to the Baldy Country. The greatest part of the canyons and ridges immediately south of Pueblano is within the impact area of the range, so limit your side hikes to the north and west. Dan Beard to Bent 4.8 miles - 2 hours Bent to Pueblano via Wilson Mesa 5.5 miles hours

46 PONlL (BENT) TO NEW DEAN TO DEAN COW 1. From Ponil you may take burros all the way to Miranda. The trail to New Dean begins directly across the Middle Ponil Creek from the commissary building at Ponil. 2. The ascent up the Skyline is arduous, especially if this is your first extended hike at Philmont. 3. At the top of the Skyline you have one of the best views on the ranch. You can see Philmont's central section to the south, Baldy Mountain to the west, and Colorado's Spanish Peaks to the north. 4. Groups hiking directly into Dean Cow Camp from Ponil should follow the Skyline trail until it meets the road near the entrance to Chandler Canyon. Expeditions routed into New Dean on theirway to Dean Cow will now descend the jeep road, running south off the top of the Skyline. 5. New Dean Camp was named after Bob Dean, who was a cattle foreman in this area. The water supply at New Dean comes from a windmill-driven well. Groups going from New Dean to Dean Cow should follow the Dean Canyon road. 6. This trail leads to "Black Jack's" Hideout, where "Black Jack" Ketchum and h ~s gang of bank robbers held out after a very successful "job" in Oklahoma. He was captured here and hanged at Clayton, New Mexico. 7. Dean Cow Camp derives its name from the fact that, this whole canyon was once the slte of a big cattle, operation. Please leave gates as you find them - e~ther opened or closed. Ponil to New Dean 3 miles -2.5 hours New Dean to Ponil 3 miles - 2 hours Ponil to Dean Cow via Skyline 7 miles - 5 hours New Dean to Dean Cow 4 miles - 2 hours

47 DEAN COW TO INDIAN WRITINGS AND PONlL VIA CHANDLER CANYON 1. You will be walking on roads which are often hot and dry between Dean Cow, Ponil, and lndian Writings. This may be the case in many parts of 2. Chandler Canyon was named after the manager of the Porter Ranch which once operated in this area. The road through the canyon is an arduous one. 3. As you reach the Ponil road, groups going to Ponil must turn left (west) and proceed up the Middle Ponil Creek via the road. Those traveling to lndian ' Writings will turn right (east) until they reach the gate where the lndian Writings road meets the Ponil road. The preferable route will be to travel via Mc- - Bride Canyon. Then follow top of mountain road to trail leading into lndian wri+ngs. 1, The lndian Writings road follows the bed of the now defunct Cimarron and Northwestern Railroad which extended all the way up No~th Ponil Canyon and beyond the Philmont property line. This railroad also had a spur in the Middle Ponil Canyon. 5. The rimrocks on both sides of this canyon are horizontal beds of the Raton and Poison Canyon sandstone formations. 6. On arriving at lndian Writings, you will first see the: burro pen and the archeological display area. The" aff cabin, where groups check in, is about one-i Dean Cow to Ponil via Chandler Canyon 7 miles hours Dean Cow to lndian Writings via Chandler 8 miles hours

48 DEAN COW TO HARLAN 1. Dean Cow Camp is located in what was once a large cattle area. Please leave gates as you find them - either opened or closed. Cattle sometimes still graze in this area. 2. The hike out of Dean Cow is arduous. Please do not cut any switch-backs. Further on, when you enter Turkey Canyon, the trail is very rough and crosses the dry stream bed quite often. The "well" on the topographical map does not op.erate. $Q sg,oserue the water in your canteens. 3. Through the Cimarron Canyon once ran a spur of the Santa Fe Railroad. This route was supposed to lead all the way from Des Moines to the west coast. These plans were abandoned, and the track was torn up in The trail to Harlan begins on the south bank of the river. You will follow the old railroad bed until you reach the trail which ascends into Harlan. 4. Again, you travel over numerous switchbacks. Please do not take any "short-cuts." 5. The trails in this area can be confusing. Harlan Camp lies over the ridge to the west. Cross through the meadow and pick up the trail on the other side before you climb the hill. 6. Harlan Camp was named after the promoter of the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Railroad, Thomas P. Harlan. This railroad, which ran through Cimarron Canyon, was built in 1906 and was later purchased by the Santa Fe system, then abandoned. Dean Cow to Harlan 6.2 miles hours

49 PONIL TO PUEBLANO TO NEW DEAN From Ponil to Pueblano you will be traveling through the wide and green South Ponil Canyon which abounds w~th wildl~fe, espec~ally deer and porcupine. You may see old br~dges on the road. These sewed as stream crossings for the logging wagons wh~ch once rolled through th~s canyon. If you look closely, you can find the ra~lroad bed of the Cimarron and Northwestern which had lines in both the North and South Pon~l Canyons. Pueblano could well be called the "gateway" to Baldy, from which was taken millions of dollars worth of gold. Groups hiking around the Pueblano area should be extremely careful not to cross into the impact area for the range. Expedit~ons *raveling to New Dean should backtrack on the Pueblano-Pon~l road until they reach the trail which ascends the ridge towards the head of Spring Canyon. As you can tell from the closeness of the contours on the topograph~cal map, this trail is very steep. But the view you get of Baldy to the west and Colorado's Spanish Peaks to the north rewards your labors. Here the trail hits a road at the hilltop. Be sure to pick up the trail which leads into Spring Canyon. The windm~ll at the head of Spring Canyon is inoperative. There will be no water available until you reach New Dean. This is the s~te of an old logging camp. All the cab~ns have been destroyed, but some foundations still remaln. If you observe closely where the trail crosses a dty stream bed, you will see t~mbers which once sewed as br~dges for logging wagons. In Dean Canyon can be found many fossils of pre. historic plants. Budding paleontologists will want to scout the hills for prom~sing specimens. Ponil to Pueblano 5.5 miles - 3 hours Pueblano to New Dean vra Sprlng Canyon 6 mdes hours

50 PUEBLANO TO COPPER PARK VIA SOUTH PONlL RIVER 1. From Pueblano you can see Baldy Mountain rising straight out of the canyon to the west. At dawn the soft glow of sunrise plays on the peak and transforms it into a fiery ember glowing above the tree-tops. 2. At these ruins of a once prosperous lumbering camp, you will hike up the South Ponil River to your right. The trail continues on the right side above the river all the way to French Henry. 3. Along this river, teeming with wildlife, are beaver dams which form crystal-clear pools where the trout lie lurking for their food. Try your favorite fly. 4. All along the South Ponil you have seen evidence of placer mining - old sluice boxes and large rock piles. French Henry Mill Site will be your first taste of the big mining operations once carried on in the Baldy area. Named after Henry Buruel who obtained mining rights from Lucien Maxwell in the 1860's, French Henry Mine was reopened in the fall of 1938 and operated until Christmas of that $ear when it was closed because of low yield and high expenses. A tramway ran 1,040 feet to the mine entrance far above you to the north. High up on the ridge to the west you can see the Ponil Entrance to the Aztec Mine. The French Henry- Copper Park staff lives at the French Henry Mill Site. Be sure and stop and try your hand at gold panning. 5. From French Henry the trail climbs a rugged 870 feet before entering Copper Park at the head of the South Ponil Canyon where Baldy country's best camping is found. You should plan on an extra day in order to hike to the top of the mountain. (See the map on alternate routes and conditions for the climb to the top.) Please do not disturb any artifacts left by the miners. This includes old tin cans and bottles. The many old buildings in this area are not to be used or disturbed. Helps us keep the remains intact, so Scouts after you may enjoy the same experience you have had. The past awaits you in these hills. 6. Copper Park derives its name from the large amount of blue-green copper float which is visible in this very high mountain meadow. The pipe you see rising from the middle of the meadow was where a core was removed in order to determine the geological formation below. Underneath Copper Park runs a tunnel of the Aztec Mine. All campsites are found in the forest on the west side of the meadow. In order to help preserve the beauty of Copper Park, please do not build any fire places and use only established campsites. Your water comes from a pipe leading out of Deep Tunnel Mine. Between the Mclntyre Bros. drilled this mine completely through Baldy Mountain in hopes of discovering the "mother lode." They found nothine of value. Pueblano to Copper Park 6.6 miles - 5 hours Copper Park to Pueblano 6.6 miles - 3 hours

51 N-12 PUEBLANO TO BALDY TOWN VIA SOUTH FORK OF THE SOUTH PONlL 1. From Pueblano you will be traveling through Philmont's recent addition - the Baldy country - from which was taken several million dollars worth of gold. 2. These ruins mark the terminus of the Cimarron and Northwestern Railroad which hauled timber out of the prosperous lumbering camp located nere. 3. At the second ruins area, a trail takes off up the ridge toward Miranda. You should continue up the South Fork of the South Ponil towards Baldy Town. 4. The meadow you enter here was once a corral for horses used by miners working out of Baldy Town. At the edge of this meadow a trail runs west up the ridge until it meets a mining road leading into Baldy Town. This is your route. 5. All underneath this ridge winds the myriad tunnels of the Aztec Mine. Lucien Maxwell's profitable source of gold. When the trail meets the road, turn left. 6. Baldy Town was the mill center for the Aztec Mine between 1868 and Once the population of Baldy Town numbered 200 people. You can still see the fireplace of the town's hotel. The school house has been reconstructed, and the walls of other buildings are still standing. On the rocky flat below Baldy Town lived the Spanish-American laborers in a settlement called Chihuahua. Be sure to learn from the staff here as much as you can about the history of this gold-mining center. From Baldy Town you can climb Baldy Mountain. See the map pertaining to routes and conditions for the climb. All mines in the Baldy Area are unsafe to enter. Please do not disturb any artifacts left by the miners. The many old buildings in this area are not to be used or disturbed. Help us keep these remains intact so that Scouts after you may enjoy the same sense of discovery you have had. The past awaits you in these hills. Pueblano to Baldy Town via South Fork of the South Ponil 6.5 miles hours Baldy Town to Pueblano via South Fork of the South Ponil 6.5 miles - 4 hours

52 SIDE HIKES UP BALDY MOUNTAIN From Copper Park - This is the best, safest, and quickest access to the top of Baldy. West of the Copper Park meadow, you will reach a cabin just before a big turn in the road. At this bend, continue straight ahead on the foot trail. After fifty yards, you will encounter two switch-backs. Please stay on the trail. The trail continues up the canyon one-half mile before ending. From this point continue up the main canyon which will bring you northwest of the top of Baldy Mountain on a saddle. From the saddle, follow the ridge to the top. Do not try to hike up the face of Baldy above the Deep Tunnel Mine. From Baldy Town - Head up Ute Creek and follow the old mining trail which has been reopened to the saddle on the south side of Baldy. From here, follow the ridge to the top. DO NOT make a "b-line" from Baldy Town to the top via the face. From Miranda -This way is longer than the other two and is also unmarked. Follow the Black Horse Creek past the mill site and continue up the draw to the ridge and then over to Baldy. Map and compass are necessities. Baldy Mountain Climb - I whole day side trip 1 I I Back in the old days, the Baldy Town folk used to take Sunday trips to the top of Baldy from which can be seen northeastern New Mexico and southern Colorado. Baldy Mountain was the fertile womb of an active mining district. To the west, you look down on the Moreno Valley, where Elizabethtown once housed three thousand people, most of whom were engaged in mining. The far range in that direction includes Mount Wheeler, the highest mountain in New Mexico. To the southwest is Eagle Nest Lake with a small town nestled at its head. Just below the top of Baldy on its western side, you can see the entrance of the Mystic Mine. A copper mine, it was the first shaft sunk in the Baldy pea. The finding of copper led to the discovery of gold. Several soldiers stationed at Cimarron obtained from Indians 'copper that had been found near Baldy. They went to Moreno Valley side of Baldy to sink a copper mine and found gold. Conditions for the Climb Up Baldy Mountain Leave your packs at your campsite. Plan on an extra day at your base camp in order to make the climb. Carry your map, compass, canteen, poncho, and also your lunch if you wish. All expeditions going to the top of Baldy must have. ~dequate leadership and must stay together - both up and down. Do not negotiate the face of Baldy itself. Use one?of the three routes listed above. Please do not leave flags or erect towers on top of Baldy. If you want to leave your mark on Philmont do a worthwhile conservation project. Enjoy your climb!

53 PUEBLANO TO MIRANDA 1. Pueblano Camp serves as the gateway to the Baldy country, Philmont's newest addition and an area of great interest to historians because of the extensive mining operations which took place here over the past century. 2. At this junction the South Ponil River and the South Fork of the South Ponil meet in an area known as the Ruins. Here you will see the remains of a prosperous logging camp which once was the terminus of the Cimarron and Northwestern Railroad. Expeditions hiking to Miranda should turn left (west) and proceed up the South Fork of the South Ponil. 3. A mile from the Ruins junction, just beyqnd the second ruins indicated on the Philmont map, the trail to Miranda goes up the ridge and meets an old mining road which leads into the jeep trail to Miranda marked on the topographical map. 4. This intersection may be confusing because it is not marked clearly. Two old mining roads -one from Baldy and the other from the second ruins area on the South Fork of the South Ponil - come together here at a well used service road leading into Miranda. 5. At this junction be sure to turn right. The road coming in on your left leads off the ranch. Miranda is now less than a mile away. 6. Miranda, a huge sloping meadow surrounded by aspen, features short side trips to Lake Doris for fishing and to the Black Horse mine area where the equipment of an old stamp mill still stands in good condition. A stream slices the Miranda meadow, where a Four-H Camp once stood. From Miranda you can take a long side hike to the top of Baldy Mountain. See the map pertaining to routes and conditions for the climb. All mines in the Baldy Area are unsafe to enter. Please do not disturb any artifacts left by the miheis. Keep these remains intact so that Scouts after you may enjoy the same sense of discovery you have had. Pueblano to Miranda 6 miles hours

54 COPPER PARK TO MIRANDA VIA BLACK HORSE TRAIL 1. If you are trail camping at Copper Park, a side hike to Baldy Town for the mining program presented by the staff there would be highly worthwhile. Or you might attend the program on your way through Baldy Town from Copper Park to Miranda. From Copper Park you follow the Aztec Ridge Trail all the way into Baldy Town. 2. A labyrinth of Aztec Mine tunnels winds underneath this whole ridge. Please stay away from mine shafts and test pits. 3. Baldy. Town was once the center of a prosperous mining operation. You can see the remains of the hotel. The school house has been restored. Below the town are a number of settling ponds used to catch waste material from the mill. 4. The most scenic route from Baldy Town to Miranda is Black Horse Trail which follows an old mining road a short distance until it reaches the Montezuma Mine. The road continues over the dumps of the Rebel Chief Group and, five-tenths of a mile later, enters the Black Horse Canyon where it descends gradually into the canyon floor. 5. Where the road meets the Black Horse Creek, you should drop your packs and walk a short distance up the stream to see the Black Horse mill site. This old stamp mill, operated between 1893 and 1907, was used to crush ore obtained from the Black Horse Mine. From here you descend the old mining road which parallels the creek most of the way to Miranda. 6. Miranda boasts a huge mountain meadow, ringed with aspen and a lake suitable for fishing. You may see elk in this area, as well as beaver and wild turkey. Before Philmont acquired this land, Miranda was a Four-H Camp. Copper Park to Baldy Town Baldy Town to Copper Park 2 miles - 1 hour 2 miles - 2 hours All mines in the Baldy Area are unsafe to enter. Please do not disturb any artifacts left by the miners. Keep these remains intact so that Scouts after you may enjoy the same sense of discovery you have had. Baldy Town to Miranda via Black Horse Trail 3.5 miles - 2 hours Mlranda to Baldy Town via Black Horse Trail 3.5 miles - 3 hours

55 N-16 COPPER PARK TO HEAD OF DEAN CANYON VIA BALDY TOWN AND EELLS PARK 1. The trail to Baldy Town starts on the south side of the meadow in Copper Park and leads over several old mining roads and in to Baldy Town via the Aztec Ridge. 2. Here the Aztec Ridge Trail should be followed until it junctions with the cut-off trail to Pueblano via the meadow. 3. Just before entering Eells Park, you will see an old mining road leading to the right. This will take you toward Dean Canyon. 4. This intersection can be confusing because the three roads that meet here are marked on your topographical map as trails. Be sure to take your bearings and then follow what is marked as a jeep trail. 5. This large meadow, located at the head of Dean Canyon, serves as an excellent trail camp to cut short what would be a very long hike to New Dean. Remember, mines in the Baldy area are unsafe to enter. Please do not disturb any artifacts left by the miners. Copper Park to Head of Dean 6.5 miles - 4 hours Head of Dean to Copper Park 6.5 miles - 6 hours

56 MIRANDA TO NEW DEAN 1. Miranda Camp, a lush sloping park in the Baldy area, was named after Guadalupe Miranda, one of the holders of a huge New Mexican land grant of which Philmont is less than one-tenth. Groups routed from Miranda to New Dean face a long and arduous hike. You should plan on leaving early and eating your lunch along the way. 2. At this junction, you will take the jeep trail which starts up the hill to the north. Most of the way into New Dean you will be following a road. 3. Keep on the main route when you reach this confusing intersection. Two old mining roads coming in on the left join this jeep trail you are hiking on. 4. This large mountain park is at the Head of Dean Canyon. It would be an excellent camp to break up a long hike, but in dry years the spring here sometimes disappears. Check at Camping Headquarters about the availability of water here. 5. Here you will see the remains of Old Dean, one of the original camps when Philmont was known as the Philturn Rocky Mountain Scout Camp. There usually is no water available here. 6. New Dean Camp is situated in a canyon rich in fossils. Look among the rocks and you may find the imprints of prehistoric plants. New Dean New Dean to Miranda 10.5 miles hours

57 HEAD OF DEAN AND UPPER DEAN COW TO THE BENCH Begin the hike from Head of Dean to the Bench on the jeep road heading southeast up the ridge. From Upper Dean Cow you should travel east down Dean Canyon to the spring below the mouth of Santa Claus Canyon and hike up the ridge south on the jeep trail. Do not take the jeep trail south at this point. It heads off the ranch boundaries and is almost completely washed out. Continue on the jeep trail which follows the ridge and drops down into Santa Claus Canyon within ranch boundaries. Near this waterless windmill, there are several fine campsites. At the head of Bear Canyon the jeep trail forks. The east fork is longer; the west is older and steeper. Take your pick. They both merge again a half mile down the canyon. Both trails are very steep. Be extra careful with footing. Cross under the highway via the culvert and the Cimarron River via the footbridge. Immediately across the river is a campsite which should be used only when the spring at Bench is dry. Any water taken from the Cimarron River must be purified with two iodine tablets per quart. The trail to the Bench starts uphill and goes through a series of meadows. The spring at the Bench flows intermittently. Check at headquarters about the availability of water. The Philmont Hymn was composed here, inspired by the view of Baldy and the surrounding mountains. Head of Dean to Bench 6.5 miles - 4 hours Bench to Head of Dean 6.5 miles - 5 hours

58 NEW DEAN TO THE BENCH TRAIL CAMP 1. From New Dean your hike will be steep and uphill until you top the ridge below Lookout Tower. 2. This tower is operated by the New Mexico Forest Service for the purpose of spotting fires. If the rangers are in residence, they may allow you to come up the tower where you will have a spectacular. view of the Philmont country. Do not disturb any equipment. From the top of the ridge below the tower, you will descend into Bear Canyon. Be sure not to head off into Turkey Creek Canyon. 3. This extremely steep downhill portion of the trail can be just as exhausting as the hardest uphill and more dangerous. Do not run or you may sprain an ankle. 4. Go through the culvert under Highway 64 and take the bridge across river. You will find the trail on the other side, directly across from the mouth of Bear Canyon. You will be h~king along the south bank of the rlver for almost a m~le before you start uphill for the Bench. 5. The spring at the Bench may be dry. At this point, the tra~l starts uphill and goes through a series of meadows before you reach the Bench Trail Camp. Any water you take from the C~marron River must be purified w~th two iodlne tablets per quart, instead of the normal dosage. 6. The spring at the Bench has ceased flowing in dry years. You should check at Camping Headquarters about the availability of water here. If the spring is not running, you will have to obtain water from the Cimarron River. The Bench Trail Camp, a green meadow which looks out on Baldy Mountain, was where the Philmont Hymn was composed. If you plan on camping at the Bench, you should route your hike from the Dean Approach. Going up Bear Canyon can be a "killer." You may not take burros down Bear Canyon. Groups using Burros should use Turkey Canyon. New Dean to The Bench 5 miles - 3 hours The Bench to New Dean 5 miles - 5 hours

59 NEW DEAN TO HARLAN VIA TURKEY CANYON N Groups routed directly from New Dean to Harlan should take the trail down Turkey Creek Canyon. The first part of your hike, from New Dean to Lookout Tower, is fairly steep. 2. From Lookout Tower fire-watchers scout nothern New Mexico for forest fires. Enjoy the magnificent view you get from this point. 3. "Black Jack" Ketchum and his gang of bank robbers hid here after a very successful "job" in Oklahoma. He was captured and hanged at Clayton, New Mexico. 4. Turkey Canyon changes moods quickly. One hour it can be hot and dry; the next, a huge gully-washer can come whipping through, carrying destruction in its path. Watch out for flash floods. 5. There is no water at this well. Do not empty your canteens. Just past the well, you will see the cutoff to Dean Cow Camp. From here, the trail down the canyon is rough and enters the dry stream bed quite often. 6. At this point you meet Highway 64. The banks of the Cimarron River are excellent for a rest stop. Please do not bathe in the river. If you take water from it, be sure to use a double dosage of iodine tablets, as there are many tourists camping up the canyon from you. Along this canyon, once ran a spur of the Santa Fe Railroad, linking Des Moines and Ute Park. Plans, later abandoned, called for the route to extend all the way to the west coast. From the north side of the river, wade your burros across. You will pick up the trail on the south bank. 7. The route up to Harlan can be arduous. Many switchbacks have been cut into the side of this hill to make your hiking a little easier. Please do not cut switch-backs. Doing so causes serious erosion. 8. Harlan is located in a beautiful mountain park. You will find good water and good campsites here.