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1 Wright, S. (2015) Model based testing of avionics. In: Model Driven Engineering 2015, West Sussex, England, 17 June National Microelectronics Institute Available from: We recommend you cite the published version. The publisher s URL is: Refereed: No (no note) Disclaimer UWE has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited. UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT.

2 Model Based Testing of Avionics Dr Stephen Wright Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics University of the West of England

3 Avionics I have known Rolls Royce Trent 700 Airbus A400M Boeing 767 Airbus A330 BMW/Rolls Royce BR710 Airbus A380

4 Avionics = Computer + Other Avionics not just a computer hybrid with other electrical/electronics Hard to differentiate avionics from the aircraft system

5 How are Avionics Special? High cost of failure Operate in hostile environments High reliability

6 Reliability Availability (does what we want) Integrity (doesn t do what we don t want)

7 Avionics Software Growth F-4A (1958) lines-ofcode F/A-18 (1978) 1 million linesof-code F-22 (1997) million linesof-code F-35 (2006) - 8 million lines-ofcode

8 Auto v Aero 10 s million loc* 10 s million loc* * Terms and conditions apply

9 $10k s per flight Aircraft Flight Test

10 Aircraft Flight Test ~10 deaths per decade Airbus A400M, 2015 Gulfstream G650, 2011

11 Boeing 767 Production Flight Test

12 Ground Testing Iron bird rigs: Avionics Hydraulics Electricals Pneumatic

13 e.g. Fuel Systems Test, Bristol UK Organisation to test and integrate Fuel System & avionics Sister department tests Landing Gear Lab Testing

14 Avionics Testing Why? Nothing works first time Need lab testing for Flight Test certification How? Simulate all mechanicals in software Simulate all interface devices electronically

15 Avionics evolution: A330-A380 Federated 100 s of signals Integrated 10,000 s of signals

16 Interface verification 95% of tests for reversionary modes SIB functionality expanded with avionics updates A380 Fuel Avionics SIB

17 SIB evolution for A380 Scaling, scaling, scaling More sophisticated avionics demanded more accurate models State-space explosion demanded more comprehensive models

18 Fuel Avionics Automated Testing Scripted or semiscripted In fuel, need to support 1-12 hour test runs Automatic logging of results & data

19 Model Development millisecond iteration periods typical Simulink for models Use of COTS libraries (e.g. SimPowerSystems) often replaced with proprietary solutions (e.g. WrightSolver TM ) C S-functions for appropriate functions and legacy code Auto-generation of ~500,000 loc

20 Model Deployment VxWorks for real-time execution Windows for user interfaces PowerPc/VME for model execution and IO C++ distributed real-time middleware (in-house) Tcl/Tk & Java for UI development Tcl for test execution Much commonality between aircraft rigs (~80%)

21 SIB Architecture Windows user interface Distributed real-time middleware (in-house) VME model execution VME IO Some proprietary IO (e.g. capacitance emulation)

22 A380 Avionics Rig Failure

23 A380 Avionics Rig Failure

24 Where next? Virtualised testing (i.e. iteration or cycle accurate) Low cost COTS hardware & software (obsolescence?) Formal test construction?

25 In conclusion Avionics test is needed for cost, time, and certification reasons Has a need for flexibility and expandability The future is more software: IO, virtualisation, automated test...

26 Questions?