The Daily Egypt. e New Pyramids

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Cameron Collins
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1 The Daily Egypt e New Pyramids

2 2 My Newspaper The "Great Pyramid of Giza" Today our honorable,surp r e m e, a n d p o w e r fu l Pharoah, Pharoah Khufu decided to build another pyramid. He named it the "Great Pyramid Of Giza". His nephew Hemiunu s a y s h e d i r e c t e d Phaoroah Khufu's great pyramid. The Great Pyramid has a base measurement of ca. 750 ft x 750 ft (~230m) and today a height of 481 ft (147m). The lack of the casing allows a full view to the inner core of the pyramid. It was erected in small steps by more or less roughly hewn blocks of dark limestone. The casing was made of nearly white limestone. The prisms for the casing were finely polished at their displaying site. The complete freshly set casing made the pyramid shimmer in bright natural lime white. The inner corridors and chambers have walls and ceilings made of polished granite, one of the harde s t s tone k n o w n a t Khufu's time. The used mortar was a mixture of gypsum, sand, pulverized limestone and water.the monument has its original entrance at the northern side and contains three chambers: at the top, the burial chamber of the king (king's chamber), in the middle, the statue chamber (erroneously called queen's chamber), and an unfinished subterranean chamber (underworld chamber) under the foundation of the pyramid. Whilst the burial chamber is identified by its large sarcophagus made of granite, the use of the "queen's chamber" is still disputed The people of ancient Egypt highly value family life. We treasure children and regard them as a great blessing. In the lower class families, the mother raises the children. The wealthy and nobility, have slaves and servants that help take care of the children by attending to their daily needs. If a couple has no children, they would pray to the gods and goddesses for help. We would also place letters at the tombs of dead relatives asking them to use their influence with the gods. Magic is also used as an a t t e m p t t o h a v e children. In event that a couple still can not conceive a child, adoption is also an option. Although women are expected to obey their fathers and husbands, they are equal to men in many ways. They have the legal right to participate in business deals, own land, and are expected to represent themselves in court cases. Women even face the same penalties as men. Sometimes wives and mothers of pharaohsa re the "real" ruling powe r i n g o v e r n m e n t, though they ruled unknowingly to common people. Queen

3 My Newspaper 3 What's Going on in Egypt Today Hatshepsut was the only woman who ruled out right by d e c l a r i n g h e r s e l f pharaoh. An Egyptian wife and mother are highly respected in this ancient society. Young boys learn a trade or craft from their fathers or an artisan. Young girls work and receiv their training at home with their mothers. Those who can afford it sent their sons, from about the age 7, to school to study r e l i g i o n, r e a d i n g, writing, and arithmetic. land. Although women are expected to raise the chldren and take care of the household duties, there are some jobs available to them. Women run farms and businesses in the absence of their husbands or sons. Women are employed in courts and temples as a c r o b a t s, d a n c e r s, singers and musicians. Wealthy families hire maids or nannies to help with household chores and the raising of the children. Noblewomen can become a priestess. Women also work as professional mourners and perfume makers. pendants. time doing a For wide the variety rich, jewelry of things. Dramatizations is are made held of in gold, the silver, temples, or electrum but the most (gold important mixed with source silver) of entertainment and inlaid with & relaxation is the Nile semi-precious river. Activities stones the river include lapis fishing, lazuli river (a of turquoise, deep boat blue outings, stone), swimming, and carnelian hunting crocodiles (a copper and or reddish hippopotamuses, orange stone). and The boat poorer games people where wear two jewelry teams of men in boats that with is long made poles, of copper would or faience try to push (made each by other heating into powdered the water. quartz). Hunting in the desert is another great pastime, especially for the noblemen. Men first hunt on foot, however, by the time of the New Kingdom, men use horses and chariots. Some of the animals the Ancient Egyptians hunt include the fox, hare, and hyena. Wealthy Egyptians often entertain by holding extravagant parties with plenty of food to eat and beer and wine to drink. Singers, dancers, acrobats, and musicians are hired to entertain. T h e E g y p t i a n s l o v e music, and play instruments such as the lute, harp, and lyre. Other favorite pastimes include Cooking board games is done like Hounds in clay ovens & Jackals, as well and as Senet. over open Children fires. kept Wood themselves is used for entertained with toys like fuel, carved even ivory though animals, it is scarce. w o o d efood n h o ris s ebaked, s o n boiled, wheels, and stewed, balls. fried, Festivals held in Ancient Egypt grilled, oare r rusually oa s t e d. holidays W h a t in i s known honor of about the gods. kitchen The utensils important and gods equipment had festivals in the their itemshonor that is from that are held have by been the priests. found in A the statue tombs. of the Storage god is carry jars, Children are expected to look after their elderly parents. Upon their parents death, the sons inherit the land, while daughters inherit the household goods such as furniture and jewelry. If there are no sons in the family, there is nothing preventing the daughters from inheriting the Everyone in Egypt wear some type of jewelry. Rings and amulets are especially worn to ward off the evil spirits and injur y. Both men and women wear p i e r c e d e a r r i n g s, armlets, bracelets, and anklets. The rich wear jeweled or beaded collars, called a wesekh, Egyptians necklaces, use their spare and CLASSIFIED SECTION NEXT

4 4 My Newspaper Haqikah is trading cattle for chickens. Juliet is trading barley for wheat.

5 My Newspaper 5 Egyptian Geography bowls, through pots, the pans, streets. ladles, More sieves, friendly and gods whisks had were celebrations used held in the by prepara- the peo- all tion ple, of and food. not Most the of priests. the commoners We Bes is ancient one of used the Egyptians gods dishes the that think people were of held Egypt made a festival as of being clay, for. while divided On the the into day wealthy two of Bes, types used no of dishes land, work is the made done 'black on land' the pyramid, 'red bronze, and land'. people silver, would and and of the gold. parade down the street The dress 'black in masks land' is of the Bes, fertile while land dancers on the and banks tambourine Nile. players The ancient follow. of the Egyptians The townspeople use this join land in for the growing singing their from crops. their Beer This rooftops, is the while most only the popular land children beverage, ancient would Egypt and run that along bread could be- is in side the be farmed staple the dancers food because in the singing a layer of clapping rich, diet. black their The silt hands. beer is de- is and Egyptian The made posit whole there with town every barley. enjoy year The the after the is Nile and left flooded. feast. to dry, and festival barley then baked into loaves of bread. The baked barley loaves The 'red were land' then is the broken barren desert that protects into pieces Egypt on and two mixed sides. These with the deserts dried separat grain in ancient a large jug Egypt of water from and neighboring left to ferment. countries and Wine invading was a drink armies. The Geography that They was also produced of provide Egypt by us relates ancient the Egyptians, to two regions: however, a North source it was Africa for and precious South- with usually metals west Asia. and found semi-precious only at the tables stones. of the wealthy. To make Egypt the has bread, coastlines women on ground both the Mediterranean wheat Sea and into the Red flour. Sea. The flour country was borders then pounded Libya to by the men west, to the make Gaza a Strip fine grain. and Israel Sesame to the east, and segypt Sudan e e d s is, to hlocated the o nsouth. e y, on f rcov- uthe i t, ering butter, continent 1,001,449 and of herbs Africa. km2, were The. The often climate longest added in ancient to straight-line the dough Egypt distance to help very hot in and Egypt dry. from We north ancient flavor the to Egyptians bread. south is 1,024 farm km, and irrigate while that the from land near east to the west Nile River. measures 1,240 km. More than 2,900 km othe f coa Nile sriver t l i n e flows o n north t h e Mediterranean into the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf Sea. of The Suez, Nile the River Gulf of is Aqaba used by and the the us Egyptians Red Sea constitute for many Egypt's things. maritime fished boundaries. for food, washed We o u r s e l v e s a n d o u r clothes, and collected Architectur e of Ancient Egypt water for irrigation, drinking and cooking. We also traveled by boat around Egypt and into the Mediterranean Sea to Due trade to with the other scarcity cultures. of wood, The land the two in Egypt predominant about building 90 percent materials is desert. used There in are ancient grasses Egypt along were the Nile sun-baked River. The mud Nile brick River and floods stone, every mainly year. limestone, This flooding but also brings sandstone rich soil and for granite planting. con- in siderable quantities. From the Old Kingdom onward, stone is generally reserved for tombs and temples, while bricks are u s e d e ven fo r roya l palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple precincts and towns, and for subsidiary buildings in temple complexes. The core of the pyramids come from stone quarried in the area already while the limestone, now eroded away, that is used to Ancient face the Egyptian pyramids houses came are from made the other out of side mud of collected Nile Exterior River from and the had Nile interior to river. the be It quarried, walls, was as placed ferried well in as across, molds the and columns left cut to during and dry piers, in the hot dry are season covered sun to harden before with hieroglyphic for they use can in be and construction. pulled pictorial into frescoes place and on the carvings pyramid. painted in brilliant Many colors.[7] Egyptian Many towns motifs have of Egyptian disappeared ornamentatiocause are we symbolic, are situated such be- as near the the scarab, cultivated or sacred area beetle, of the Nile the solar Valley disk, and and are the flooded vulture. as the Other river common slowly motifs rose include during palm the bed leaves, millennia, the papyrus or the plant, mud and bricks the of buds which and we flowers built of are the used lotus.[8] by peasants Hieroglyphs fertilizer. are inscribed for as decorative purposes as well as to record historic events or spells. Our Ancient Egyptian temples are aligned with astronomically significant events, such as solstices and equinoxes, requiring precise measurements at the moment of the particular event.

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Chapter 4 : Ancient Egypt and Kush

Chapter 4 : Ancient Egypt and Kush Chapter 4 Section 1 Geography and Ancient Egypt The Nile River is the most important thing in Egypt. The Nile is the longest river in the world. It stretches about 4000