Tourism in Africa and the Sustainable Development Goals

Transcription

1 Tourism in Africa and the Sustainable Development Goals Interna/onal Conference on Digitalisa/on and Sustainable Tourism May 2018 Hilton, Flic en Flac, Mauri/us Dr Anna Spenceley Interna/onal consultant & Chair IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group

2 Tourism and the SDGs

3 Tourism and the SDGs SDGs with tourism targets Note: Tourism can contribute to all 17 SDGs UNWTO (2017) Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals Journey to 2030, Highlights

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5 Propor/on of Africans who are poor fell from 56% in 1990 to 43% in 2012 with 330 million poor people (World Bank, 2016) Tourism can contribute to poverty (BenneU et al, 1999): market comes to producers labour intensive (esp. women and youth) inter-sectoral linkages occurs in marginal areas (e.g. protected areas) Fewer barriers to entry than other sectors Pafuri camp, South Africa Joint venture between community & Return Africa 52 permanent staff (94% from local Makuleke community) Salaries of USD98,000 wages + benefits annually Impact on poverty reduc/on Snyman & Spenceley, forthcoming

6 Tourism can catalyze sustainable agriculture (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017): Produc/on and supplies to hotels and restaurants Sales of local products to tourists Agro-tourism addi/onal $ for farmers &Beyond + government + NGOs + academia + media Establishing marine conserva/on areas Tackling overfishing & killing endangered species Reef and endangered species protec/on, community empowerment and monitoring Capacity building including: conserva/on lessons; management of local fish stocks, community fishing prac/ces Braack & Mearns, 2017

7 Healthy Parks Healthy People Visi/ng high biodiversity areas can give health benefits addressing obesity, cardiovascular disease, depression and anxiety (Sparkes & Woods, 2009) Cross-border adventure products in transfron<er conserva<on areas (TFCAs) Tour de Tuli Wildrun Desert Knights KAZA Golf Classic TFCA Tourism Community of Prac=ce Spenceley, 2018

8 A skillful workforce is crucial in order to provide quality hospitality and experiences to tourists Tourism gives professional development & training opportuni/es for direct and indirect jobs for youth, women, and those with special needs (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017)!Xaus Lodge, South Africa Community-owned, managed by private sector Transfron/er Parks Des/na/ons 28 permanent staff (93% local) Staff salaries of USD 883,900 between Melissa Mienies: from cleaner to first female guide in Kgalagadi from community hups:// Snyman & Spenceley, forthcoming

9 Tourism can empower women through jobs and incomegenera/on from SMMEs (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) About 47% of hotel and restaurant employees are women (United Na/ons, 2017) but women are paid 10-15% less than male equivalents (UNWTO and UN Women 2010) Anvil Bay, Maputo Special Reserve, Mozambique Joint venture between 3 communi/es & Bell Founda/on Female employee reten/on challenging auri/on due aoer maternity leave or migra/on to RSA Ruzizi Lodge, Rwanda Support to Umoja Women s Coopera/ve crao training increased sales But 0% female staff hup://anvilbay.com hups:// Snyman & Spenceley, forthcoming

10 Tourism investment in u/li/es - a cri/cal role in water access and security, hygiene and sanita/on. Efficient use of water in tourism, pollu/on control and technology efficiency can be key to safeguarding water (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Ngala Lodge, South Africa & Africa Founda<on Distribu/on of 1,200 Hippo Water Rollers in Welverdiend and Thlabekisa Funded by Africa Founda/on dona/ons andbeyond, undated Covane Lodge, Mozambique Community lodge private operator Donor-funded re-investment pipeline & pump from Massingir dam to Canhane Community maintenance fund Snyman & Spenceley, forthcoming hup://

11 Tourism can accelerate the shio to renewable energy, & promote investment in clean energy sources (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Easiest to integrate into design but some facili/es retrofit to be more energy efficient Bale Mountain Lodge, Ethiopia 25 Kw Micro-hydro power plant Biogas system from biodegradable waste Mombo Camp, Botswana Switch from diesel to 100% solar Capital investment of USD 860 k 93% reduc/on in carbon emissions (from 287 to 22 tonnes p/a) hups:// hup:// africa_ethiopia_bale_mountain_lodge_view_credit_dale_morris_gallery.jpg Snyman & Spenceley, forthcoming

12 In 2006, Africa travel and tourism directly supported Ø + 8 million jobs (2.6% of total employment) Ø + 20 million jobs (6.5% of total employment) (including indirect jobs) (WTTC, 2017) Money from tourism can redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor e.g. spending on transport, accommoda/on, excursions, shopping, and food /drink Simien Lodge, Ethiopia 38 staff (96% local) Fair salaries and service charges 4 x value of other jobs in local town 50:50 split men and women hup:// Snyman & Spenceley, forthcoming

13 Tourism development relies on good public and private infrastructure. Tourism can influence public policy for improvements that auract tourists, foreign investment (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) and supports communi/es Makasutu Cultural Forest, The Gambia Accommoda/on on plasorms floa/ng on /dal water (1-2 m) Takes advantage of natural winds for ven/la/on Local fishermen access fishing zones along the river

14 Tourism can be a powerful tool for reducing inequali/es - engaging local popula/ons and key stakeholders & giving people opportuni/es to prosper (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Community-based small business: Witsieshoek, South Africa Joint ventures between community and private sector operator: Damaraland, Namibia Spenceley, Rylance, Nanabahay and van der WaU, 2016

15 Tourism can help to advance urban infrastructure and accessibility, promote regenera/on and preserve cultural and natural heritage, assets on which tourism depends Investment in green infrastructure creates greener ci/es for residents and tourists (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Kigali, Rwanda Model of future Kigali city ambi/ous masterplan to become the Singapore of Africa Gateway for gorilla & cultural tourism hups:// s-ci/es-future

16 The tourism sector can adopt sustainable consump/on and produc/on (SCP) modes, and accelerate the shio towards sustainability (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Certification in Africa 18 certification programs operating 715 hotels certified in 19 countries (<3.4% hotels) Spenceley, 2016

17 Tourism contributes to and is affected by climate change. By reducing its carbon footprint in the transport and accommoda/on sector, tourism can benefit from low carbon growth (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Mauritius Design of environmental good practice guidelines for the Mauritius Hotel Industry AHRIM / ComSec Handbook, implementation plan, procurement guide Sample energy management plans: air conditioning, hot water, lighting, kitchens and laundry Spenceley, Bashain and Saini, 2011

18 Coastal and mari/me tourism rely on healthy marine ecosystems. Tourism development must help conserve and preserve fragile marine ecosystems - promote a blue economy - contribute to sustainable use of marine resources (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Blue Flag in Africa Country Beaches Marinas Boats Morocco 24 2 South Africa Jus/n Hoffman hup://

19 Rich biodiversity and natural heritage are ooen the main reasons why tourists visit a des/na/on. Tourism can play a major role in conserving and preserving biodiversity and genera/ng revenue as an alterna/ve livelihood to local communi/es (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Nikwichi Lodge, Mozambique Created 120,000 ha conserva/on areas with 16 communi/es Regulate land use & stop hun/ng Bisate Lodge, Rwanda Extensive reforesta/on program around Volcanoes Nat. Park 15,000 indigenous trees planted 20 community members casual staff Snyman & Spenceley, forthcoming

20 Tourism revolves around billions of encounters between people of diverse cultural backgrounds Tourism, which benefits and engages local communi/es, can also consolidate peace in post-conflict socie/es (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Spenceley, 2014; 2018; Jones, 2018

21 Tourism has the ability to strengthen private/public partnerships and engage mul/ple stakeholders interna/onal, na/onal, regional and local to work together to achieve the SDGs and other common goals (UNWTO & UNDP, 2017) Spenceley, Snyman and Eagles, 2017

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23 Key Source: Thank you! Dr Anna Spenceley - Consultant, - Chair, IUCN WCPA TAPAS Group annaspenceley@gmail.com Blog: annaspenceley.wordpress.com Website: Key Source: Anna Spenceley and Andrew Rylance (in prep) The contribu=on of the tourism to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, in McCool, S. and Bosak, K. (eds) A research agenda for sustainable tourism, Edward Elgar