TOURISM: A GLOBAL PHENOMENON

Transcription

1 CHAPTER III TOURISM: A GLOBAL PHENOMENON 3.1 Tourism: A Global Phenomenon Tourism is mainly popular as a global leisure activity. Tourism has grown to be an industry of world wide importance. For a number of, countries tourism is the largest commodity in international trade. Tourism was increasingly viewed as a promising area of economic activity that could become a structural part of poverty alleviation and sustainable development in addition to its role in fostering global competitiveness of international trade, wealth creation and regional development. Tourism is a global phenomenon of major economic importance. It comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes (WTO, 1994). According to the World Travel and Tourism Council data, current share of tourism and tourism-related industries is 8.3% of global jobs, 9.3% of international investments, 12% of exports, and 3.6% of world GDP. Tourists account for 10.2% of the total world consumer expense. In the post World war period, there has been tremendous increase in international tourism with millions of people involved in travel. For example, the number of international tourists throughout the world was increased by 444 million during 1980 s and the total receipts from international tourism were $230 billion. This indicator was $270 billion in 1990 and $481 billion in 2000.The World Tourism Organization estimates that international tourism arrivals reached 765 million in 2004, an increase of about 10% compared to

2 (WTO, 2005). In 2005, due to accommodating tourists, world countries earned $680 billion while there were about 692 million tourists in Table No.3.1 World Tourism- Arrivals & Receipts Year Arrivals(In Millions) Receipts($ billion) NA Source: W.T.O Fig 3.1 World Tourism- Arrivals & Receipts Arrivals(In Millions) Receipts($ billion) 74

3 and 940 million in 2010, their numbers will grow to reach 1.6 billion by the year Economic and tourism growth are driven by emerging markets and developing economies. While mature markets remain the leading destinations in the world, the faster growth rate of new markets confirms UNWTO s main message of tourism s potential for the developing world, said UNWTO s Secretary-General, Francesco Frangialli. The new millennium has witnessed the continued growth of interest in how people spend their spare time, especially their leisure time and non-work time. This interest is becoming an international phenomenon known as tourism. Tourism today is a focus for nonwork activity. 3.2 Tourism: A National Phenomenon Mark Twain, American author said that, "India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grand mother of tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only." India is renowned for its diverse traditions, varied lifestyles; cultural heritage, colorful fairs and festivals pose an irresistible attraction for the tourists. The tourism industry in India is substantial and vibrant, and the country is becoming a major global destination. The tourism industry of India is based on certain core Nationalistic ideals and standards which are Swagath or welcome, Sahayog or cooperation, Soochana or information, Sanrachana or infrastructure, Suvidha or 75

4 facility, Safaai or cleanliness and Suraksha or security. India s travel and tourism industry is one of the most profitable industries in the country, and also credited with contributing a substantial amount of foreign exchange. In the past decade, tourism has become one of India's fastest growing markets, contributing to millions of service industry jobs. Tourism development in India has passed through many phases. At Government level the development of tourist facilities was taken up in a planned manner in The other major development that took place was the setting up of the India Tourism Development Corporation in 1966, to promote India as a tourist destination, but it was only after the 80 s the Government took several significant steps to develop tourism activity. A National Policy on tourism was announced in Later in 1988, the National Committee on Tourism formulated a comprehensive plan for achieving a sustainable growth in tourism and the Tourism Finance Corporation in 1989 to finance tourism projects. In 1992, a National Action Plan was prepared and in 1996 the National Strategy for Promotion of Tourism was drafted. In 1997, a new tourism policy was published for public debate. The proposed policy recognizes the roles of Central and State governments, public sector undertakings and the private sector in the development of tourism. The need for involvement of Panchayat Raj institutions, local bodies, non-governmental organizations and the local youth in the creation of tourism facilities has also been recognized. Tourism is an important sector of the economy and contributes significantly in the country s GDP as well as Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE). With its backward and forward linkages 76

5 with other sectors of the economy, like transport, construction, handicrafts, manufacturing, horticulture, agriculture, etc., tourism has the potential to not only be the economy driver, but also become an effective tool for poverty alleviation and ensuring growth with equity. Table 3.2: Foreign tourist arrivals of India SL.NO Year F.T.As %Change over the (in million) previous year Fig 3.2: Foreign tourist arrivals in India F.T.As (in million) % C hang e over the previous year 77

6 In the year 2010, the tourism sector witnessed substantial growth as compared to In August 2009 outbreaks of swine flu threatened India's late summer tourist season. Many travelers canceled trips rather than risk infection. Still, fears have subsided and tourism seems to be growing steadily. The Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTA) in India during 2010 was million as compared to the FTAs of million during 2009, showing a growth of 8.1%. Foreign Exchange Earning (FEE) from tourism during 2010 were US $14193 crores as compared to US$ during 2009, registering a growth rate of 24.6% in The growth rate in FEE from tourism during 2008 was 10.3%. Table3.3 Foreign Exchange Earnings of India Sl. No Year F.E.Es (In US$) %Change over the previous year Source: India Tourism Statistics at a Glance 78

7 Fig 3.3: Foreign Exchange Earnings of India F.E.E s (In US $) % C hang e over the previous year 3.3 Tourism: A State Phenomenon (Karnataka) Karnataka as the major tourist destination Karnataka is situated between, 11 31' to 18 45' N latitudes and 74 12'to 78 40' E longitudes. The average elevation of the plateau is about 610 meters above the sea-level. The state shares its boundaries with Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Karnataka is an enchanting land abounding in scenic beauty and rich in flora and fauna. It has pomp and pageantry of glorious traditions and marvels of modern engineering. Tourism in Karnataka can be broadly divided into four geographical regions: North Karnataka, the Hill Stations, Coastal Karnataka and South Karnataka. The manifold attractions of the state include everything that interests the visitors. There are many places of historic and religious importance. The great Acharyas, Shankara, Ramanuja and Madhwa, preached in this region. Great reformers like Sri Basaveshwara, mathematicians like 79

8 Baskaracharya, commentators like Sayana, saint poets like Purandaradasa and Kanakadasa, great writers like Pampa, Harihara, and Kumara Vyasa all have enriched the heritage of Karnataka. The state has the highest number of national protected monuments in India. The State Directorate of Archaeology and Museums protects 752 monuments and another 25,000 monuments are yet to receive protection. This attracts both domestic and International tourists to the state. Table 3.4 Government of Karnataka s projections on tourism of the state Measures and indicators /projections Arrival of foreign tourists (in lakhs) Employment generation by tourism(in lakhs) Arrival of domestic tourists (in lakhs) Revenue due to tourism (in Rs.Lakhs) Foreign exchange due to tourism (in Rs.Lakhs) Tourism contribution to state GDP (%) Source: Govt. of India, Department of Tourism Karnataka is the hub of tourism. The state government has successfully conducted Global Investor Meet (GIM) during The domestic as well as foreign tourists prefer this state due to its positive attitude towards foreign tourists and nationals. Due its promotional efforts, the tourist traffic to the state is continuously increasing. Karnataka, a Mini Incredible India is the country s fourth most popular tourist destination. With the largest number of institutes in 80

9 hotel management and catering technology in the country, the State has a large pool of skilled human resources. The Sector is attracting significant investment by domestic and global players as infrastructure is being ramped up to meet the needs of the growing tourist activity as per table-3.4. Thus, through the development of tourism sector, it is possible to earn significant foreign exchange to the country and also it enables to accelerate spending capacity of the tourists and intern the economic conditions of the dependents of tourism spots will naturally increase Karnataka: Trends of tourist arrivals Tourism is a human experience, a social experience, a geographical phenomenon, a resource value, and a business industry. It is a major social phenomenon of the modern society with enormous economic consequences. The tourism potential of a particular area is reflected by the number of people visiting a particular place i.e. tourist arrivals. The number of tourist arrivals brings dynamism to the economy of a region. Number of tourist arrivals has a multiplier effect on hospitality sector, infrastructure, employment sector, retail activity, foreign exchange generation etc. The impacts of tourist arrivals are both, visible/direct or invisible/ indirect. The following study reveals the analysis of tourist arrivals in Karnataka. The analysis is done for the years The analysis is based on these years data due to the availability of data from

10 Table 3.5: Tourist arrivals in Karnataka Year No. of Tourists % Growth rate ,243,468 _ ,701, ,360, ,530, ,959, ,526, Source: Department of Tourism, Karnataka Fig 3.5: Tourist arrivals in Karnataka from 2005 to No. of Tourists An analysis of tourist arrivals in Karnataka revealed that in the year 2005, the total number of tourist arrived was 25, 243,468. During the year 2006 it has increased to 36,701,431 and in the year 2007 it has 82

11 reached to 38,360,516. The year 2006 is considered as a watershed year during which the tourist arrival registered a quantum jump. In 2005 and 2006 there was a marginal increase in terms of tourist arrivals. During 2008 and 2009 Karnataka received 37, 530,969 and 32,959,526 tourists respectively. Due to disturbed political situation and fear of terrorist attacks, the year 2009 registered a highest decline in tourist arrivals (Figure 3.5). An analysis of the trend of tourist arrivals to Karnataka revealed that the tourist flow increased though with varying trend except during It is thus seen from the trend of the tourist arrivals in Karnataka that the state has emerged as one of the favorite tourist destination. The year 2011 has seen a major turnaround in tourism figures & growth rates for Karnataka Karnataka: Domestic tourism Karnataka is the land of amazement and opportunities. With a rich heritage, history and culture, Karnataka has many cities, towns, villages and spots like waterfalls, hill ranges and other centres of interest. Some are noted for their archeological remains like forts, temples, mosques, churches and other monuments of antiquity. Many places are of religious importance. The Kalyana Chalukya rule is a period of glory in Karnataka. The Chalukyas patronized the construction of a large number of beautiful temples all over their territory. Gadag, Belgavi, Itagi, Kuknur, Kuruvatti, Lakkundi, Harihar, Dambala, Chaudadanpura and other places contain temples built under the patronage of the Chalukyas of Kalyana. These temples stand as silent witness to the glory of the Chalukyas. It was a political supremacy and cultural development moving hand in hand. 83

12 Table 3.6: Karnataka: Domestic tourist arrivals from 2005 to 2011 Source: Department of Tourism, Karnataka Year Domestic Growth Rate ,698,243 _ ,195, ,825, ,010, ,729, ,202, ,107, Fig 3.6: Karnataka- Domestic tourist arrivals from 2005 to Domes tic Some of the luminaries in Kannada and Sanskrit literature flourished during this period. Karnataka is mainly known for heritage and religious tourism, especially with reference to domestic tourists. The state is one of the top ten domestic tourism destinations in India and was ranked 5th in 2010 and 4 th in Given the variety of tourism assets, the state is promoted under the tagline of One state, many worlds 84

13 Domestic tourist is a local tourist who is visiting Karnataka from various parts of the country. During the year 2005, 24,698,243 tourists arrived in Karnataka. Table3.6 shows growth rate of domestic tourist arrivals in Karnataka. The year 2006 was shown a steep increase in terms of tourist arrivals, and the growth rate was also very high. The increase in domestic tourist arrivals was marginal during The year 2009 registered declining trend in tourist arrivals. The year 2011 has seen a major turnaround in tourism figures & growth rates for Karnataka. It is seen that domestic tourists increased by around 120% and international tourists by around 77%. This is much higher than the equivalent figures for any of the other major Indian states. The growth drivers for domestic tourist segment are raising income levels, increase in the purchasing power of the middle class, accessibility and better connectivity and the change in life style Karnataka: International tourist arrivals An analysis of foreign tourist arrivals to Karnataka revealed that, the growth is not as spectacular as the domestic tourists. As seen in the table 1.6 the number of foreign tourist arrivals in Karnataka experienced a steep decline in the year 2009.But, the issue of stagnation and decline of international tourist numbers over the period seems to have been reversed in 2011, where for the first time international visitor numbers are higher than in

14 Table 3.7: Karnataka: International tourist arrivals Year Foreign Growth Rate _ Source: Department of Tourism, Karnataka Fig 3.7: Karnataka - International tourist arrivals The reason for sharp decline in foreign tourist arrivals is due to, Terror threat; swine flu scare, hike in air fares and above all the great economic depression hit the tourism sector hard in 2009 with number of foreigners visiting the state dropping by over fifty six per cent. Table 1.6 revealed that the foreign tourist arrivals to Karnataka are quite insignificant as compared to domestic tourists. There is an urgent need to strengthen the ways to attract foreign tourists to the state. 86

15 The flow of foreign tourist can be improved by i) Improving the tourism infrastructural facilities. ii) Creating awareness about the tourist potential of the state through internet. iii) By Tapping markets other than the US and the UK, and instead look to emerging markets like China, South East Asia and the Middle East countries. iv) Popularize Yoga and meditation to the foreign visitors it is one sector which is very popular among foreign tourists A Spatial analysis of Domestic and Foreign tourist arrivals Tourism in Karnataka can be broadly divided into four geographical regions: North Karnataka, the Hill Stations, Coastal Karnataka and South Karnataka. To examine the spatial dimension of tourist arrivals to North and South Karnataka a district wise analysis is done. An analysis of tourist arrivals to various districts of Karnataka during 2010 revealed that Mysore, Dakshina Kannada and Bangalore topped the list in terms of domestic tourist arrivals. The arrivals to these districts were much higher as compared to Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts of north Karnataka. The reason for the highest tourist arrivals is attributed to Mysore Palace, Brindavan Gardens and Jaganmohan palace museum of Mysore, and DakshinKannada is known for its scenic beauty and religious temples and also highest temple revenue earner of the state. Bangalore Urban is the state capital and known as garden city and silicon city of Karnataka. Chikkamagalur, Mandya and Chitradurga also have the highest influx of domestic tourists due to hill stations, waterfalls, religious temples and scenic beauty. 87

16 Table 3.8 Karnataka-A Spatial analysis of Domestic and Foreign tourist arrivals Sl. No. Destination Domestic Tourists Foreign Tourists Total %Share of districts Domestic and Foreign tourist arrivals in North Karnataka 1 Bagalkote 1,944,865 23,706 1,968, Belgaum 2,759,800-2,759, Ballari 2,504,034 81,900 2,585, Bidar 1,387,478-1,387, Bijapur 1,647,931 2,808 1,650, Dharwad 3,24, ,26, Gadag 2,84, ,85, Gulbarga 7,50,262-7,50, Haveri 7,300-7, Koppal 2,644,331 51,938 2,696, Raichur 7,900-7, Uttara Kannada 2,005,769 36,533 2,042, Yadgir 64,045-64, Total Domestic and Foreign tourist arrivals in South Karnataka 14 Bangalore Urban 5,959,529 89,597 6,049, Bangalore Rural 5,71,265-5,71, Chitradurga 6,28, ,28, Davangere 4,18,432-4,18, Kolar 3,29,856-3,29, Shivmogga 2,31,688 5,099 2,306, Tumkur 4,383,594-4,383, Ramnagar 2,774,533 6,377 2,780, Chikkballpur 1,332,173-1,332, Mysore 13,260,373 1,14,160 13,374, Hassan 3,400,014 1,06,846 3,506, Mandya 7,040,670 31,283 7,071, Chamarajanagar 3,949,593 1,983 3,951, Chikkamagalur 8,091, ,091, Kodagu 1,810,960 5,297 1,816, DakshinKannada 8,769,681 2,577 8,872, Udupi 2,751,891 10,477 2,762, Total Grand Total(North and South Karnataka) ,611,395 Source: Department of tourism in Karnataka 88

17 Fig 3.8 (1&2): A Spatial analysis of Domestic and Foreign tourist arrivals in North and South Karnataka 1. Domestic and Foreign tourist arrivals in North Karnataka Belgaum Bellari Bidar Bijapur Dharwad Gadag Gulburga Haveri 2. Domestic and Foreign tourist arrivals in South Karnataka Bangalore Rural Chitradurga Davangere Kolar Shivmogga Tumkur Ramnagar Chikkballpur Mysore Hassan Mandya Chamarajanagar 89

18 Table 3.8, reveals that South Karnataka is the most important tourist region of Karnataka which receives, (70%) domestic and foreign tourists, because of the geographical location and the focus of development has in the past been settled on this region. The geographical significance is also reflected in its religious significance. There is recognition of these significances through the large number of UNESCO designated cultural and natural sites that are located in such well-established destinations of south Karnataka. In North Karnataka Bagalkote, Belgaum, Bellary and Koppal receive highest number of tourists. Bijapur, Uttar Kannada, Gulbarga, Dharwad and Gadag received minimum domestic tourists compared to southern districts of Karnataka. Haveri and Yadgir districts emerged as the least preferred regions in terms of tourist arrivals. The total receipts of domestic and foreign tourist arrivals in North Karnataka was (30%) in A Spatial analysis of domestic tourist arrivals revealed that: Mysore district received highest domestic tourist arrivals due to world famous Mysore palace, Brindavan gardens and many more. Dakshina Kannada district also received highest influx of domestic tourists due to religious temples and scenic beauty. Bangalore Urban and Rural also received highest number of domestic tourists. Medium number of tourists visited to Dharwad and Gadag districts. Because of lack of publicity, accessibility and other infrastructural facilities in the tourist destinations. 90

19 Haveri and Yadgir district remained least recipient of tourist arrivals 3.3.6: Domestic tourist arrivals in Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts An analysis of sample respondents revealed that, 1/3 of the domestic tourists are from different places of Karnataka. And the domestic tourists from Maharashtra and TamilNadu are also more in number, i.e. about 24% and 12% respectively. Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts also receives tourists from Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and West Bengal. Table 3.9: Domestic tourist arrivals in Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts Sl. No. State No. of Tourists Percentage 1 Maharashtra Karnataka TamilNadu Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Kerala Others Total Source: Field survey 91

20 It can be concluded from the analysis of the field survey related to domestic and international tourists. The tourists from Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are coming to Dharwad; Gadag and Haveri districts for the religious purpose and the tourists from Wet Bengal, Rajasthan, and Gujarat are for business purpose. During there leisure time they visit the tourist destinations. The tourists from West Bengal and Kerala for the purpose of services. The South Indian tourists are predominating in domestic tourism. Neighbouring states share is more in domestic tourists. Majority of the domestic tourists visit Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts during the fairs and festivals. The festivals serve the cause of communal harmony and religious tolerance and have sacred as well as secular aspects in their content and organizational method. Popularization of folk festivals produces the seeds of social harmony; this will lead to the development of cultural tourism in Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts. 92

21 3.4 Determinants of tourism Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts have a rich and diverse heritage that is an integral part of the state heritage. It encompasses various aspects of the human civilization and represents a cultural as well as natural heritage of national and international value. However, for various reasons, the value of this heritage has not always been recognised. Thus, entire portions of the districts heritage were lost, and are often threatened by the impact of natural forces or change in conditions of its protection and maintenance. This necessitates that this wealth in form of architecture, arts, folklore and natural beauty should be accurately and purposefully documented and preserved. Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts have traditional and an iconic landmark with architectural and monumental legacy. The socio cultural environment has helped to highlight the districts profile. In addition to this, the development of transport infrastructure especially airport facility has accelerated the growth of tourism demand. An attempt is made here to analyze the major drivers of tourism in detail. The concept of destination in tourism varies in every tourism activity. Every tourist destination is a unique whole in which physical, cultural, historical and social factors produce a spatial and functional tourism reality. The architectural monuments, hospitality sector, business, conventions, infrastructure etc, have enriched the supply sector of tourism in Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts. These districts are having the traditional and iconic landmarks such as Lakkundi, Galaganath and many numbers of historical and cultural monuments. Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts as tourist destination are stimulated by historical and cultural attractions; 93

22 business travel has offered much scope for tourism development in the main cities like Dharwad, Hubli, Gadag and Haveri districts. Seeing the high potentials of tourism and wide range of facilities which gets benefits and earnings to the local people many regions are now exploring the possibilities of developing tourism as a means to diversify and stimulate the regional economic base. Tourism promotion has become a key instrument in many regional revitalization projects, waterfront development plans, upgrading cultural activities, such as fairs and festivals, conservation of historical monuments, Understanding the relationship between tourism potential and drivers of tourism it is necessary to develop tourism in Dharwad, Hubli, Gadag and Haveri districts. The tourist potentials of Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts are grouped under the following sub- themes. A. Cultural/Historical i. Historical Monuments ii. iii. iv. Fairs/Festivals Arts/Crafts Religious B. Natural factors i. Water fronts ii. iii. iv. Parks/Gardens Wild life sanctuaries Physical landscape C. Tourism facilities i. Accommodation 94

23 ii. iii. Transport Tourist information D. Other facilities i. Leisure/Recreation facilities ii. iii. Sport and other events Health care E. Tourist Attractiveness Index Cultural/Historical factors Historical places like Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts hold many opportunities to develop tourism products based on cultural heritage resources. The trend towards cultural heritage as tourist product has culminated in growing market for cultural tourism. In ranking of motives the Survey of tourists reveals that, visiting a unique and interesting place is one of the top orders in terms of tourist perceptions. Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts were ruled by Western Chalukyas, Rastrakutas and Adil Shahis of Bijapur which shaped up the history of these districts. The districts are noted for its monuments. There are many historical monuments like two forts gates (inner & outer) Banashankaridevi temple, Tarakesvara temple, Jaina Basti, Stone inscription inside the Shankarlinga temple, and many numbers of temples at Dharwad, Lakkundi, Bankapur, and Annigeri besides these the Mosques and Churches are also noteworthy monuments of Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts. These monuments are the historical delights. Not only they are 95

24 historically significant but are also outstanding examples of ancient architectural skill. Arts and Festivals: Arts and festivals are another dimension of tourism they are not only enrich the quality of cultural life of its residents but also capable of attracting the national and international tourists. The performing arts like music, dance, drama other cultural events like Dharwad Utsav, Gadag Utsav, Lakkundi Utsav these districts are also promoting crafts. Religious resources: The temples, mosques and Churches are the religious places of Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts they have a splendid architecture and historical background. The unique architectural style of Gadag is known in the international level. The temples like Tarakeshwar, Billeshwara, Mallikarjuna and Jain temples Masjid and churches have historical background. Which are showcasing the religious customs and traditions of this region. Besides being historical and religious the districts are also having natural factors like water fronts lakes and gardens. Some of them are Nrupatunga hill, Unkal Lake, Sadhankeri, Nirsaagar, of Hubli Dharwad Nilamma Kere, Madag water falls of Hirekerur are the recreational centres of this region. Wild life: The Black buck sanctuary of Ranibennur, the Peacock sanctuary of Bankapur, Binkadkatte zoo of Gadag and Bird sanctuary of Magdi are the wild life attractions of Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts. Sanjeevini Eco Park and Utsav garden are the recently added attractions which are attracting more number of domestic tourists. 96

25 Tourist facilities: The significance of tourism is depending upon the infrastructure of the region, if it lacks in necessary facilities then its promotion as a tourist destination will be deterred. The hospitality sector tourist information centre, transportation facility plays a significant role in the development of tourism. Here an attempt has been made to identify certain factors that facilitated tourism which is as follows: The hospitality sector: Hospitality industry is the integral part of tourism industry. It provides a home away from home to the tourists. The industry is providing food and shelter to the tourists. The main components of hospitality are hotels, restaurants, resorts, lodges, etc. The hospitality sector of Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts is concentrated in district head quarters like Dharwad, Hubli, Gadag and Haveri. The cities are dotted with numerous budget hotels which catering low and middle income groups. The luxury hotels are less in number which is able to promote MICE and Business tourism. The budget hotels are located in the central business area and the luxury hotels are in the outskirts of the city. The list of hotels is as follows. Table 3.10:List Hotels in Dharwad Gadag and Haveri districts Sl. LAXURI AND STAR HOTELS IN DHARWAD No. AND HUBLI 1 Ananth Residency 2 The Hans Hotel 3 Mayur Aaditya Resort 4 Kamat Yatri Nivas 5 Hotel Metropolis 6 Clerks Inn Airport Hotel 97

26 7 Samrat Ashok Hotel 8 Hotel Ananth Executive 9 The Gateway Hotel Lakeside 10 Hotel Tirumala Classic 11 Travel Inn 12 Hotel Mandar Residency 13 Hotel Ayodhya 14 Hotel Ashoka Towers 15 Hotel Dhammanagi Comforts 16 Guru Prakash Lodge 17 Karnataka Bhavan 18 Ankitha Residency 19 Central Park 20 Hotel Karishma LAXURI HOTELS IN GADAG 1 Durga Vihar Hotels 2 Geethanjali Residency 3 Hotel Dwarika 4 Hotel Reliance 5 Hotel Shakti 6 Hotel Shivani Inn 7 Hotel Vikram 8 Hotel Welcome 9 Hotel Clerks Inn 10 Hotel Vinayaka LAXURI HOTELS IN HAVERI 1 Hitaishi Palace Hotel 2 Hotel Tara Plaza 3 Shiva Shakti Palace Source: Hotel association of Dharwad, Hubli, Gadag and Haveri districts 98

27 Shopping and Other activities Shopping is an all time favourite activity of the people. Generally people are always enthusiastic to do shopping at their leisure time. Shopping is an enjoyable activity. Hubli and Dharwad are the urban areas which are known for shopping, exhibitions and shopping festivals. The shopping festivals of these cities witnessed the participation of manufacturers and retailers. Exhibitions are coming in the month on November and January. Traders from all over India put up their stalls and lakhs of people visit these exhibitions especially the domestic tourists. Transport Accessibility is one of the key factors in transportation sector, which supports the promotion of tourism industry. Dharwad Hubli, are well connected with Railways and Road Transportation and the airways are providing services to the capital cities. Gadag and Haveri have good road and railway network. As these districts are located in the central pat of Karnataka and surrounded by many number of tourist spots within two hundred kilometers and these tourist destinations are also well connected by road and railway network. The development airways in Hubli will help promote tourism industry in this region. Tourist Information To promote tourism and to create awareness provision of tourist information is very significant. The tourist related information is provided by the tourism departments. All the three districts are having tourist information centers and these districts are also having the facility of travel agents in many no. of taxis are providing tourist 99

28 services. These services are utilised by the domestic tourists in Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts. Health care facilities Dharwad, Hubli and Gadag have emerged as important medical tourist destinations in Karnataka. Large no. of Domestic tourists are utilising the medical services provided by super speciality hospitals, ayurvedic and homeopathic medical facilities. Compared to metros the treatment cost is very less in Hubli-Dharwar. Tourist Attractiveness Index To know the factors that attract tourists to a particular spot, few methodologies are used and Tourist Attractiveness Index is one such methodology which was adopted by tourism department of Romania. The Tourist attractiveness index of Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts is based on the methodology used by National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism, Romania with few modifications. The following basic components are taken into consideration to know the tourist attractiveness index of Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts: Natural tourist resources Cultural tourist resources Tourist facilities Infrastructure 1. Natural tourist resources Land scape Relief Climate Water bodies 100

29 Birds\animals Flora Quality of the environment 2. Cultural tourist resources Historical monuments Archeological Religious Museums Traditional architecture Crafts Customs and traditions 3. Tourist facilities Accommodations Traditional food Health care facilities Recreational units 4. Infrastructure Accessibility Infrastructure Tourism information All the above mentioned components are important for tourism, but some of them having a higher tourist value, each component is given an importance coefficient from 0 to 1 (0%- 100%); following values regarding the way the components participate to the functionality of the tourist offer have been established. The qualitative and quantitative level of these components can be appreciated by using 101

30 different scales with 3 or 5 levels. The 3 value scale is considered here, taking account of the possibility of evaluating more objectively the quality of the analysed components; the factors making up the structure of each element have been appreciated on a 0-4 scale, depending on quality, originality, competitiveness, the following way: Value 0- for the consequence of maintenance and lack of awareness. Value 1- for reduced quality, uncompetitive factor on state level. Value 2- for satisfactory quality and factor of state interest. Value 3- factor which favours the development of domestic as well as international tourism. The formula used for calculating the tourist attractiveness index is: Is (Kv) = (Σ qi ci) /3, where Is (Kv) = the tourist attractiveness index i= the number of components taken into consideration (1, 2, 3,..n) q= the value of each component (Σ qi = 1.00, so 0 qi 1, 00) c = the qualitative level of the components (c = 0-3) Each of the basic components is assigned weightage depending upon its potential for attracting tourists. The following table gives the total default/ assigned the actual /derived values for 4 major components. By default or the assigned weightage is 32 points for natural factors out of which the derived /actual values for Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts is 23 only. As seen from the following table in case of Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts the potential of natural factors in the tourist attractiveness is not very significant. 102

31 Table 3.11 : Weightage assigned to base components in tourist attractiveness index Sl. No Component Derived/Actual Default/Assigned 1 Natural potential Cultural/Historical Tourist facilities Infrastructure Total

32 Landscape Relief Climate Water bodies Birds\animals Flora Quality of environment Historyorical monuments Archeological Religious Museums Traditional architecture Crafts Customs and traditions Hospitality Traditional food Health care facilities Recreational units Accessibility Infrastructure Tourism information Fig 3.10: Level of tourist attractiveness index Basic Natural potential Criteria Awarde d value Default Actual Cultural historical potential Default Actual Tourist facilities Infrasture Maximu m points 11 7 Default Actual Default Actual Default Actual A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 D2 D3 Sub criteria Weighta ge (%) Source: Adopted and modified from National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism, Romania

33 As observed from the table that out of 45 points assigned to cultural/ historical component, the derived value is 30 points, which reveals that Dharwad, Gadag and Haveri districts are the tourist destinations known for cultural/ historical factors. 105