Item E-4: Riverside State Park Classification and Management Planning Project - Report

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1 Don Hoch Director STATE OF WASHINGTON WASHINGTON STATE PARKS AND RECREATION COMMISSION 1111 Israel Road S.W. P.O. Box Olympia, WA (360) TDD Telecommunications Device for the Deaf: May 17, 2018 Item E-4: Riverside State Park Classification and Management Planning Project - Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This item reports to the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission on updated land classifications, long-term boundary, and management plan for Riverside State Park. This item advances the Commission s strategic goal: Develop amenities and acquire lands that advance transformation and Provide recreation, cultural, and interpretive opportunities people will want. SIGNIFICANT BACKGROUND INFORMATION: For the past year, staff has conducted a public planning process for Riverside State Park as part of the Agency s Classification and Management Planning (CAMP) project. The purpose of this report is to acquaint the Commission with information gathered, issues raised, and preliminary staff recommendations. Appendices 1-8 provide detailed information regarding the current CAMP planning effort for Riverside State Park. Original CAMP Planning Process When the current land classification system was first established by the Commission in 1995, a long-term effort was undertaken to classify lands and prepare management plans for each park in the system. By 1998, this effort resulted in a public process at Riverside that: 1) Oriented citizens to the park and the planning process; 2) Identified natural, cultural, and recreation management issues, and; 3) Developed management approaches designed to address these issues. Riverside continues to evolve and its land classifications, long-term boundary, and park management plan require updating to address changing circumstances. Today, State Parks manages 9,432 acres within the existing Riverside State Park long-term boundary. These holdings include: 7, 617 acres owned by State Parks 1,686 acres owned by Spokane County 129 acres owned by the Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR). 1

2 Current CAMP Planning Process Following Commission adoption of land classifications and long-term park boundary in 1998, staff entered into management agreements with Avista Corporation and the Department of Natural Resources for a series of properties on Lake Spokane. These lands, along with the Commission-owned Fisk Property, were not evaluated within the scope of the original CAMP process nor have they been formally included in the long-term boundary for Riverside State Park. As part of the current planning effort, staff is evaluating approximately 2,251 acres to potentially recommend for inclusion in the Riverside long-term boundary. These include: On Lake Spokane: 621 acres Knights Lake (DNR owned) 680 acres Fisk property (State Parks owned) 92 acres Lake Spokane Campground (DNR owned) 400 acres McLellan Conservation Area (Spokane County owned) 2 acre disposal to Nine Mile Falls School District (State Parks owned) On the Little Spokane River: 108 acres Waikiki Springs (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife owned) 199 acres private lands between Waikiki Springs and Riverside State Park West of the Spokane River: 98 acres (lands that connect Riverside with Palisades Park) 51 acres (Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway right of way to link Riverside with the Airway Heights area) The original Riverside CAMP remains mostly relevant. As a result, the current CAMP will augment rather than replace the original plan building on the operational direction already established for Riverside. Next Steps Next steps will include presenting preliminary staff recommendations included in this item to the Commission at its May 17, 2018 meeting in Spokane. This information will also be presented at public meetings scheduled during the week of May 14, Staff then anticipates incorporating input into final recommended updates to the long-term boundary and land classifications for Riverside State Park for consideration by the Commission at its July 2018 meeting in Vancouver, Washington. 2

3 SUPPORTING INFORMATION: Appendix 1: Riverside Classification and Management Plan 2018 Appendix 2: Riverside State Park Area Description Appendix 3: State Parks Land Classification System Appendix 4: Overall Map of Riverside Appendix 5: Southern area of Riverside Appendix 6: Lake Spokane area Appendix 7: Little Spokane area Appendix 8: Sontag Park Land Transfer and Property Disposal Author(s)/Contact: Michael Hankinson, Parks Planner (360) Reviewer(s): Jessica Logan, SEPA REVIEW: Pursuant to WAC and WAC (2)(c), staff has determined that this Commission agenda item is a report and therefore is not subject to State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) review. Chris Leeper, Fiscal Impact Statement: Report only, no fiscal impact at this time. Michael Young, Assistant Attorney General: April 23, 2018 Peter Herzog, Assistant Director Approved for Transmittal to Commission Donald Hoch, Director 3

4 1 APPENDIX 1 Riverside State Park Classification and Management Plan 2018 Update The following report is based on the original CAMP, which served as a starting point for this update. The original document from the late 1990s acknowledged how the relationship between its own plan, other existing plans, and recommended future plans should be seen as iterative explaining: As new information is derived from more detailed resource-specific planning, existing plans should be reviewed and modified to reflect changed circumstances. No single plan should be vested with ultimate authority, but rather, the on-going process of creating new plans and revising exiting plans should be seen as forming an increasingly comprehensive base of park operational direction. The purpose of this report is to discuss all the opportunities, what the public thinks about those opportunities, and summarize preliminary staff recommendations. The first portion of this report, however, explains more about the planning process and the contextual issues that must be considered that are specific to Riverside State Park. Figure 1: Map showing acreages of Riverside as established in the 1998 CAMP

5 Figure 2: Existing management area of Riverside State Park, which is today over 12,000 acres, and far greater in size than envisioned in the late 1990s. Natural, Historical, and Cultural Context: Riverside State Park encompasses three primary land areas associated with watercourses including the Spokane River, Lake Spokane, and the Little Spokane River. The park is composed of natural areas that provide important wildlife habitat: illustrate geologic formations related to lave flows and ice age flooding events, and show the natural influences of the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers, its tributaries, and springs. In terms of governance, Riverside includes property concentrated in Spokane County. In addition, Riverside also includes the management of DNR lands and Avista Corporation recreational lands in both Stevens and Lincoln counties on Lake Spokane. The Spokane River flows westward into eastern Washington out of the northern end of Lake Coeur d Alene in northern Idaho. The banks of this river and its tributaries have played a significant role in Pacific Northwest history. Native American presence dates thousands of years and the settlement at the confluence of the Spokane and Little Spokane ranged around 10,000 people. The Spokane House trading post built in 1810 by the Northwest Fur Trading Company-a precursor to the Hudson s Bay Company was one of the earliest English trading houses in the Northwest. The historic social and economic evolution of the larger region plays out in all its aspects along the banks of the Spokane River, as fur trading yielded to agriculture, which in turn transformed toward combinations of industrial, commercial, residential, military, and recreational uses. 5

6 Riverside includes a heritage area at the confluence of the Spokane and Little Spokane rivers, which is a land classification that recognizes how this area has been home to the Spokane Tribe of Indians for thousands of years. According to the Spokane Tribe of Indians: A Socioeconomic Profile 2013, their traditional homelands extended along the Spokane River from the present day City of Spokane, east to the Idaho border and west at the confluence of the Spokane and Columbia rivers. The Spokane shared both economic and cultural ties to neighboring groups including the Kalispel to the east, and the Chewelah, to the north. According to Grant et al., 1994, the Spokane lived in autonomous bands that joined together for fishing and trading; however, the majority of their actions were decided at the band level. The Chewelah occupied the Colville Valley, north, and were an offshoot band of the Kalispel that migrated to the Colville Valley and were later absorbed into the Spokane Tribe. In 1934, the first parcel of land of what would eventually become Riverside State Park was transferred from Spokane County to the State Parks. This was followed closely in the next few years by a variety of donations and small park purchases from private and public parties. Much of the land was acquired as delinquent tax parcels, but Washington Water Power (now Avista Corporation) and other public parties provided key parcels. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) developed a master plan and constructed many facilities in the park including the Aubrey L. White Parkway and the Bowl and Pitcher area. The Spokane House Interpretive Center is located within the heritage area and tells the story of Spokane House, a historic fur trade era trading post fort, the earliest permanent non-indian settlement in Washington State. It also describes the lives of the Spokane Indians who lived here and the first European people to meet them and live among them. Growth in the park land base has continued for over 50 years, making it the second largest state park and possibly the most diverse and complex park to manage in the entire system (Appendix 2). Public Participation Process: State Parks prepares CAMP plans through multi-staged, public participation-based meetings with analysis by staff that culminates with Commission adoption of land classifications and long-term park boundaries. Park management plans are approved by the Director to allow periodic updates as conditions change. For each CAMP project the agency forms a planning team. The team includes park planners, resource stewards, and park staff. As necessary, the planning team also calls upon the expertise of resource and facility specialistsboth from within and outside the agency. The Riverside planning team includes: Michael Hankinson, Parks Planner Ryan Layton, Region Manager Steve Brand, Partnerships and Planning Program Manager Diana Dupuis, Area Manager Andrew Fielding, Eastern Region Resource Steward Brian Patnode, Eastern Region Parks Planner 6

7 The CAMP process involves four sequential stages: Stage One: Identify issues and concerns (Summer 2017) The purpose of this stage is to understand what is important to the park community and identifies issues to address through the planning process. Stage Two: Exploring alternative approaches (Winter 2018) At this stage, the planning team suggests potential alternative approaches to address the various issues and concerns raised by people in stage one. No preferred alternative is established; rather this is an opportunity to examine and understand the range of possibilities. Stage Three: Preparing preliminary recommendations (May 2018) The ideas from the alternative approaches developed in stage two are combined into a preliminary plan in this stage. The preliminary plan includes recommendations for use and development of park lands, changes to property boundaries, and ways to address issues that were raised during the process. Stage Four: Preparing final recommendations (In progress) At stage four, final adjustments are made to staff recommended land classifications and long-term boundary and submitted to the seven-member Parks and Recreation Commission for approval. The public is encouraged to attend the Commission meeting and provide testimony or provide written comment. In May 2018, staff continued work on the third stage of the planning process (preliminary recommendations) for Riverside State Park. Through this stage, public meetings averaged about 50+ attendees. Staff also met separately with a vast network of stakeholders and park neighbors to hear their concerns and provide additional information about park planning, development, and management. Statewide Acquisition & Development Strategy: This idea was developed as an evaluation process that aides State Parks decision makers in collecting places and experiences that are distinctly Washingtonian. Potential lands and development projects are evaluated from many perspectives in an effort to understand their full value and purpose. They are prioritized during this process and are either strategically included within the adjusted long-term boundary or ultimately discarded. The foundation for this analysis is built upon five principles, which explore what parks already have and to determine where there may be gaps in the system. Principles include: 1. Places to be: Connecting people with Washington s iconic landscapes 2. Stories to know: Engaging people in authentic Washington stories 3. Things to do: Providing Washington s recreational mainstays 4. Ways to grow: Inviting novices to experience Washington s outdoors 5. Something for everyone: Improving the quality of life for all Washingtonians 7

8 The statewide strategy identifies general deficits in the state park system and provides clarity on what types of landscapes could be acquired to eliminate these deficits. Some landscape types specifically apply to Riverside. Expansion of the long-term boundary and protection of natural and cultural resources, however, may place new management burdens on staff or may be unfeasible in other ways. Options are significantly reduced if funding in the long -erm is unavailable for proper management. Nonetheless, the acquisition of new properties may help State Parks remain relevant and allow the system to grow in response to a certain increase in statewide population, which is projected to see a 20% rise within the next 20 years. Elements of the Riverside CAMP: As mentioned, the CAMP produces three main products: land classification, long-term boundary, and park management plan. The combination of these deliverables constitutes a land use plan. For some parks, more detailed planning to direct facility development is necessary. A facilities concept plan will be included in the final report for the heritage area located in the Nine Mile region of the park. Land Classification A central part of CAMP involves zoning or classification of park lands. State Parks has developed a system of six land classifications. When assigned to a specific area within a park, each classification sets an appropriate intensity for recreational activity and development of facilities. Classifications align along a spectrum, ranging from high to low-intensity land uses. For example, Recreation Areas allow for the most intensive uses on one end of the spectrum, while Natural Area Preserves allow for the least intensive uses on the other. By classifying park lands, the agency is able to consciously strike a balance between protecting park resources and providing an appropriate variety of recreational opportunities for park visitors (Appendix 3). Park lands may be classified in whole or part as follows: 1. Recreational Areas are suited and/or developed for high-intensity outdoor recreational use, conference, cultural and/or educational centers, or other uses serving large numbers of people. 2. Resource Recreation Areas are suited and/or developed for natural and/or cultural resource-based medium-intensity and low-intensity outdoor recreational use. 3. Natural Areas are4 designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of natural processes and/or features of significant ecological, geological or paleontological value while providing for low-intensity outdoor recreation activities as subordinate uses. 4. Heritage Areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of unique or unusual archaeological, historical, scientific, and/or cultural features, and traditional cultural properties, which are of state-wide or national significance. 5. Natural Forest Areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of natural forest processes while providing for low-intensity outdoor recreation activities as subordinate uses, and which contain: a. Old-growth forest communities that have developed for one hundred fifty years or longer and have the following structural characteristics: Large oldgrowth trees, large snags, large logs on land, and large logs in streams; or 8

9 b. Mature forest communities that have developed for ninety years or longer; or c. Unusual forest communities and/or interrelated vegetative communities of significant ecological value. 6. Natural Area Preserves are designated for preservation of rare or vanishing flora, fauna, geological, natural historical or similar features of scientific or educational value and which are registered and committed as a natural area preserve through a cooperative agreement with an appropriate natural resource agency pursuant to chapter RCW and chapter WAC. Long-term Boundary The purpose of delineating a long-term boundary is to take a big picture look at what lands, independent of ownership, might advance the conservation and recreation mission of a park. It also considers whether agency-owned property should be retained or be considered surplus to park needs. Transactions may range from simple agreements, to recreation and conservation easements, and sometimes to agency purchase of property. Properties included inside the longterm boundary may be either acquired or operated through cooperative management with another public agency, conservation organization, or private landowners. Including privately owned property in a long-term boundary gives Commission direction to staff to work with nearby landowners on potential land transactions. Transactions with private landowners may range from simple agreements, to recreation and conservation easements, and sometimes agency purchase of property. If a landowner is not interested in participating, State Parks is unlikely to pursue the matter further. However, since land frequently changes hands, the agency uses delineation of a long-term boundary to set its long-term property planning goals. As mentioned in the agenda item, Riverside has the potential to expand the park-wide long-term boundary by a total of 2,251 acres. On Lake Spokane: 621 acres Knights Lake (DNR owned) 680 acres Fisk property (State Parks owned) 92 acres Lake Spokane Campground (DNR owned) 400 acres McLellan Conservation Area (Spokane County owned) 2 acre disposal to Nine Mile Falls School District (State Parks owned) On the Little Spokane River: 108 acres Waikiki Springs (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife owned) 199 acres private lands between Waikiki Springs and Riverside State Park In vicinity of Spokane s Palisades Park 98 acres (lands that connect Riverside with Palisades Park) 51 acres (Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway right of way to link Riverside with the Airway Heights area) 9

10 Figure 3: Locations of potential properties, in bright green, for possible inclusion into the longterm boundary of Riverside State Park. 10

11 Park Management Plan Park management plans describe the principal features of a park, set park-wide management objectives, and outline specific approaches and prescriptions in response to issues identified in the planning process. These plans also document the planning process and serve as an informational resource. In collaboration with the public and stakeholders, staff is addressing the following management concerns that are of concern park-wide: Trespass and protection of resources Vehicular access Pedestrian/bicycle access Overnight/Day-use facilities Administrative facilities Park staffing numbers Facilities Concept Plan A facility concept plan provides information on the general location and type of facilities. Future schematic designs, associated with funded construction projects, will reveal more detail. Staff will consider with public input the most logical and cost-effective phasing of park-wide projects in association with a capital project. Evaluating Public Opinion on Land Transfers: Opinions reveal support for expansion at Riverside. All available properties such as Fisk, Knights Lake, Lake Spokane campground, McLellan Conservation Area, Waikiki Springs, and the Palisades Park connection are serious candidates that would work to make Riverside a better park. The following summarizes public opinion and provides preliminary staff recommendations grouped by park area. All long-term boundary, land classifications, and management issues associated with a particular area of Riverside are described. For example, under the Lake Spokane Area, discussion includes Avista Corporation, Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and Spokane County lands in addition to the Fisk property. Similarly, the Little Spokane River area covers Waikiki Springs and its associated private lands. It is likely that some recommendations may be refined or changed as the planning process is ongoing. Staff anticipates asking the Commission to consider adoption of final recommendations at the July 12, 2018 Commission meeting in Vancouver. LAKE SPOKANE AREA Avista Corporation Lands Managed by State Parks: The current agreement between State Parks and Avista Corporation includes co-management of nearly two thousand acres situated on Lake Spokane. The land is mostly water frontage with recreational features such as the Nine Mile Falls 11

12 campground, several boat-in sites, picnic area, and overlook at Long Lake Dam. The agreement, which expires June 2018, describes how State Parks is paid to manage these lands for recreation, but acknowledges how these lands would make a logical addition to Riverside, which is the primary reason the concept was presented to the public during winter 2018 (Appendix 4). Avista lands, however, are open for hunting by reservation. This limits State Parks management options because hunting is statutorily prohibited on State Parks land (RCW 79A ), so no land classification allows for this activity. As a result, two alternatives were presented to the public in February: Natural Alternative: Avista lands are included in the long-term boundary. Hunting is not allowed. State Parks to operate Avista lands through an agreement. The land is classified as Resource Recreation. Recreation Alternative: Avista lands are not included into the long-term boundary. This allows State Parks to operate Avista lands through an agreement. Avista retains option to allow for hunting or for other more intensive recreational uses. In the second stage, staff described possible consequences if either alternative were to play out, prompting the public to express their thoughts, which focused primarily on hunting. Staff explained how both options were consistent with the agreement. Although the Natural alternative is consistent with the agreement, there was no public process when the agreement was signed. The agreement specifically acknowledges that the general public users shall be subject to the statutory and regulatory restrictions applicable to State Parks once State Parks takes over management of the area as part of Riverside State Park. The public was not consulted at the time of the agreement, but today public comments received did not support the natural alternative. By contrast, the second alternative, Recreation did not include Avista lands in the long-term boundary. This alternative seemed the most desirable by the public, as it would not restrict hunting which is consistent with how the current agreement works today. It must be noted that public comments taken in indicate strong public support for retention of hunting on Avista-owned lands. Preliminary Staff Recommendation: Consideration should be given to excluding Avista owned lands from the long-term boundary of the park. Key reasons include: Management through an agreement is more flexible for State Parks, allowing the agency to operate and maintain recreational resources for citizens without the economic burden of land ownership; Avista Corporation as landowner is legally responsible for noxious weed control instead of parks. This arrangement maximizes public benefit at a reduced cost to State Parks and taxpayers. Support from public for retention of hunting Statute prevents State Parks from allowing hunting (RCW 79A ) 12

13 Fisk Property owned/managed by State Parks Fisk is a 600-acre State Parks property operated by Riverside State Park on the south shores of Lake Spokane. It is accessed primarily from the east entrance on South Bank Road and is currently undergoing a road and parking lot improvement project to address emergency and general access. Although the land was never developed, logging activities created a network of roads on the property that intersect with the undeveloped Spokane County right-of-way, South Bank Road, which makes the potential for future trail development in the near term possible. Today, trees, rocky shoreline known as the Cove, and towering rock outcroppings characterize the rugged landscape and attract visitors despite its limited access. Although Fisk is largely undeveloped, it includes a single vault toilet and primitive parking lot. The overall condition of the property s road system and its associated parking lot is poor. During the summer, the road is narrow, full of potholes with water, and sometimes impassible. Road conditions are far worse in wetter times of the year and are essentially impassible for the average park visitor. There is a Capital project currently underway on South Bank Road to alleviate this condition. The construction project is scheduled for construction summer 2018 and includes restoration of the entrance road and a 40-stall parking lot with two Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) parking stalls (Appendix 6). McLellan Conservation Area managed my Spokane County This 410-acre property of ponderosa pine forest juts out into Lake Spokane, which surrounds the land on three sides. The property is also contiguous with over 640 acres of Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) land also known as the Knight Lake property, south. One of the first properties acquired by the Conservation Futures fund, McLellan was purchased in 1995 for $1.1 million, helping to preserve public access to 1.5 miles of shoreline. The property is accessed by Spokane County s South Bank Road, with a circulation system originally created by logging roads that today provide a horseshoe-like trail system for passive recreation users. The trails traverse second growth ponderosa pine forest, a large, dog hair stand of younger trees that was established after a forest fire, and Douglas-fir along Lake Spokane. Access to Lake Spokane is provided, west, where the trail descends gradually to low bank shoreline and to the east, where the trail maintains grade and terminates at high bank shoreline. McLellan Conservation Area has been identified by Spokane County, Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), and Avista as one of the most important wildlife habitat sites on Lake Spokane. Deer, black bear, moose, osprey, and a diversity of bird species use the property and its riparian habitat. The property s connection with DNR land, south, helps to preserve a wildlife corridor from the Columbia Plateau to the Spokane River. Spokane County wishes to transfer the McLellan Conservation Area to State Parks, whom they consider as being better positioned to monitor and steward the land with an established presence on Lake Spokane. Today, the McLellan Conservation Area is located outside the long-term boundary of Riverside. Because the property was originally acquired using Conservation Futures 13

14 funding, however, the property will have limitations regarding the intensity of recreational use. The most appropriate land classifications are likely Resource Recreation (Appendix 6). Knight Lake (640-acre DNR property) managed by DNR This property is owned by DNR and is located adjacent to the McClellan Conservation Area. By contrast with McLellan, this area is appropriate for more intensity of use and ultimately for classification as Recreation. Together, the assemblage of the three properties (Fisk, McLellan, and Knight Lake) provides an overall balance of conservation and recreation on the south shores of Lake Spokane. On one hand, McLellan is one of the most important habitat areas on the lake, with Fisk also serving as a key link in the same north/south ecological corridor associated with McLellan Conservation Area. On the other, development of the DNR property makes sense as it includes flat, open, upland areas with easy county road access. It is economically feasible and appropriate to build in this location as a trust land transfer would provide State Parks with potential to build a developed campground on lands that have been previously disturbed. It is ideal for improvements and would work to limit development at Fisk. Although physically possible to develop Fisk for a mix of day-use and overnight experiences, the landscape is unique and vulnerable to overdevelopment. Fisk includes a more undeveloped landscape, featuring rock outcroppings popular with beginning rock climbers, the intensively used Cove swimming area, and in-tact second growth forest land that retains important habitat value (Appendix 6). Lake Spokane Campground (DNR property) managed by State Parks This 92-acre DNR property on the north side of Lake Spokane is operated as a campground and boat launch by State Parks. The campground is centrally positioned and easily accessed from State Route 291. It has 11 primitive campsites that are available between May and September. Over the past several years, State Parks and Avista Corporation have invested in the expansion of the campground and improvements to the vehicular circulation system. The campground features a new flush restroom and shower building. A new drain field, electrical, and water system will be constructed along with a new camp loop and campsites in The property is relatively flat above the water where the existing campground is located. The boat launch, which includes a 55-stall parking lot, picnic shelters and swim beach, provides the only motorized boating access on the west end of Lake Spokane (Appendix 6). Public Opinion on Lake Spokane Alternatives The Fisk property generated a mix of comments that varied between do not develop the property as it possesses important habitat to develop the property for boating and camping. It is recognized that the Fisk property is winter range for deer and moose and the property not an ecological island, but rather is a key migration pathway that links natural lands south of the lake with the north. According to a wildlife biologist who works in this region, it is noted that the Fisk property is a key water crossing point for many animals such as deer and moose. On the other hand, Fisk includes low bank water access and is already popular for swimmers and boaters. Comments encourage more places for swimming and some people want Parks to consider development of new camp sites. Some suggest that Fisk is ideal for boat-in camping near to the shoreline. 14

15 Other locations on the lake such as McLellan Conservation Area are discussed. Known for its pristine habitat, the property is unavailable for intensive recreational development as it was originally acquired with Conservation Futures funding by Spokane County, the current land owner. Comments regarding the adjacent DNR Knight Lake property mostly show support for developing this property for camping and large gathering spaces. These comments are also bolstered by Spokane County, in conversation with State Parks, who has noted a dearth of existing camp sites park-wide and in the county and hope State Parks will identify more locations for possible development. A few public comments warn that new camping at the Knight Lake Property could be harmful for habitat at the McLellan Conservation Area. Preliminary Staff Recommendation: Fisk: Include property in long-term boundary. Classify the Cove swimming area, rocky outcroppings popular with climbers, and a portion of the shoreline as Recreation to allow for the possibility of boat-in and primitive camping opportunities. Classify the reminder of the property as Resource recreation and consider allowing conditional use of mountain biking on select trails. McLellan: Include the property in the long-term boundary. Classify the land as Resource Recreation for consistency with original Conservation Futures acquisition funding. Promote passive use of the land and emphasize habitat conservation. Consider conditional use mountain biking. DNR Lake Spokane Campground: Acquire Lake Spokane Campground as a trust land transfer. Classify the land as Recreation to support widest variety of activities and overnight facilities. DNR Knight Lake: Through trust land transfer, acquire the property. Classify key portions of the land as Recreation to allow development of the widest variety of activities. Consideration, however, should be given to focusing intensive development to also preserve areas of the land that support the migration of animals moving north/south through the DNR Knight Lake and McLellan properties. LITTLE SPOKANE RIVER AREA Waikiki Springs and Little Spokane River miles owned by WDFW and private owners Located on the Little Spokane, Waikiki Springs attracts moose, beaver, bald eagles, blue herons, as well as visitors from the Fairwood neighborhood and region. Since the early 1970s, visitors have grown accustomed to fishing, hiking, running, biking, and wildlife viewing in this area. The 112-acre property acquired by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) with a mix of federal funding (Land Water Conservation Fund and Dingle-Johnson) was originally envisioned as a fish hatchery. The plan was abandoned by WDFW, which now manages the land for preservation, enhancement of habitat, and recreation. WDFW is determining if the property continues to meet their mission. They are considering disposal but recognize growing community support for retaining public access and protecting Waikiki Spring s natural resources. The central question regards which state agency is best positioned to operate it in the future. In the summer of 2017, the community organization Save Our Switchbacks (SOS) asked State Parks to consider expansion of the long-term boundary on the middle reaches of the Little 15

16 Spokane River by adding the WDFW Waikiki Springs property and eight private parcels located on the Little Spokane between the public lands to create a habitat and recreational extension in the vicinity of the unincorporated neighborhood of Fairwood. Acquisition of these parcels would add nearly 329 acres and approximately 12, 000 feet of shoreline to Riverside. According to SOS, the expansion prevents the possibility of private development near the shoreline, promotes community stewardship, and retains quality recreational opportunities. SOS also believes this segment of river possesses a unique regional hydrology and ecology, especially Waikiki Springs. Sourced by the Rathdrum Aquifer with its headwaters at Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, SOS believes the springs supply 50% of the Little Spokane River summer flow. In this segment of river, the proposed expansion is anchored by Waikiki Springs, east, and Riverside State Park about two miles west. Private lands are located in-between the park and Waikiki Springs are targeted for inclusion into the long-term boundary of Riverside State Park (Appendix 7). Public Opinion on Little Spokane River Area Alternatives Land Classification Perhaps the statement public but protected best summarizes shared thinking regarding the property. Statements suggest visitors enjoy a wide variety of passive recreational activities such as hiking, biking, running, nature viewing, dog walking, non-motorized boating, and fishing and very strongly wish these activities to continue. But equally important is the conservation and enhancement of natural resources. Waikiki Springs are highly valued for its volume and highwater quality. The native vegetation also attracts much wildlife. It is widely believed that conservation along the Little Spokane will further protect regional habitat corridors and the region s native flora and fauna between Riverside State Park and the WDFW Waikiki Springs property. Resource Recreation is viewed favorably as a classification that most appropriately balances public access and conservation of natural resources. Long-Term Boundary As a citizen stated in the alternatives phase: The ability to establish a natural area corridor in an increasingly urban area is a unique opportunity that should be seized. Comments suggest urgency by the community to protect the Little Spokane River s middle reaches through expansion of its long-term boundary. Others noted that linking private lands in between the eastern boundary of Riverside with Waikiki Springs would enhance recreation by creating legal water access for non-motorized boating. Management Issues The public highly values active management. Key issues include trash, visitors after dark, public access, weed control, forest health, and fire management. Public comments revealed concern about what efforts will be made to monitor the property in the future and expressed desire for improvement. Currently, trash is left behind, but removed by members of the community who volunteer their time. Comments describe Waikiki Springs as an area sometimes overrun by some disrespectful people. Visitors after dark are a problem especially for the small community of homeowners who 16

17 live in the valley, adjacent to the WDFW property. Historically, people who have entered the Waikiki Springs lands in the night are often noisy and careless, especially when smoking during the summertime when the land is vulnerable to fire. Today, public access is limited to a small Discover Pass parking lot linked with an old single lane road known as the Switchbacks. Most visitors arrive by foot and come here to walk, run, dog walk, bicycle, fish, and view nature. Access remains an area of concern. Are there opportunities to build a new parking lot? Are other areas appropriate for access? Wayfinding into and through the property is ambiguous. There is a lack of orientation and trails are not formalized. This condition creates conflict between private land owners and the general public. Neighbors are distressed by people randomly entering their back yards and unwittingly trespassing, assuming they are on public lands. There is a need to remedy the problem with development of distinct trails, signs, and fencing. Addressing the problem will require more work with neighbors to better understand where conflicts regularly occur and determine next steps. Other comments on public access describe opportunities for trail development along the Little Spokane. These lands, however, are currently privately owned. Apparently, some members of the public know of an existing, informal trail that runs east/west on the north side of river. Questions on weed management, fire events, and flooding consistently concern the public. What are the ways noxious weeds are mitigated? Is there a fire management plan or a plan that addresses flooding on the Little Spokane River? How would Waikiki Springs be protected into the future? And finally, are threatened, endangered or sensitive species and their management addressed in a plan? Preliminary Staff Recommendation: Consider inclusion of the WDFW Waikiki Springs lands into the long-term boundary of the park, in addition to key private parcels that would serve to link Waikiki Springs with the eastern boundary of Riverside. Classify WDFW Waikiki Springs lands as Resource Recreation. Allow for the conditional use bicycling on the Waikiki Springs property as these are activities currently allowed for and requested by the public Classify private parcels in-between Waikiki Springs and Riverside as Natural Area for consistency of management (the majority of the Little Spokane on the river is classified as Natural Area) on the Little Spokane River. Retain Waikiki Springs as a public asset. There is overwhelming support from public to conserve precious habitat and recreational opportunities on the middle reaches of the Little Spokane River. Consider co-management of Waikiki Springs with WDFW. Collaborate to determine if conservation and recreation goals can be met through a partnership. Consider development of conservation easements, rather than ownership of private lands in between the public properties. Determine if easements can meet goals for conservation and recreational opportunities can be met otherwise. 17

18 Edburg Bass property (Spokane County Lands operated as Riverside): On December 1, 1999 the Commission adopted a revised long-term boundary at Riverside and specifically mentioned an area of land north of the Little Spokane River, referring to it as Section 33. At the time, the Commission classified half of this land, 257 acres, as Natural Area, but left 392 acres unclassified. The purpose of this was explained: This would allow State Parks and Spokane County to negotiate appropriate recreational uses in the future under the terms of our interagency agreement with Spokane County. It would be the staff s intent to manage the area consistent with a Natural Area classification prior to any such negotiation. Today, Spokane County refers to this area not as Section 33, but rather as the Edburg Bass property, based on the previous land owner. Several years ago, this area was damaged by fire, and as a result, State Parks conducted a comprehensive vegetation survey. The work revealed that this area was very different in its vegetation composition as compared to the bottom of the Little Spokane River valley, which is characterized by wetland and riparian plants and soils. By contrast, the upper portion of Edburg Bass is characterized by dry land populated with pine trees and knapweed. Over the years, visitors have used the property for hiking, mountain biking, and dog walking; mountain biking is inconsistent with a Natural Area land classification. In 1999, it made sense for State Parks and Spokane County to keep this arrangement as State Parks was not the underlying land owner. But circumstances have changed as Spokane County has communicated their desire to transfer their lands inside Riverside to State Parks. As a result, State Parks should consider classifying the land. Today, staff has more information on which to base a recommended land classification. Resource Recreation is considered the most appropriate because this area does not meet the definition of a natural area and is effectively managed by State Parks as Resource Recreation. Natural Areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of natural processes and/or features of significant ecological, geological, or paleontological value while providing for low-intensity outdoor recreation activities as subordinate uses. In summary, classifying the land Resource Recreation will be more consistent with State Parks land management policies and goals (Appendix 7). Public Opinion: Comments supported the Resource Recreation classification, as many who live around this area wish to have more intensity of use in this area of the Little Spokane River. Preliminary Staff Recommendation: 1) Classify 500 acres of the upper portion of the Edburg Bass area as Resource Recreation 2) Allow for the conditional uses: mountain biking, and equestrian on select trails 18

19 SPOKANE RIVER AREA Palisades Park Connection: Inland Northwest Land Conservancy held a series of meetings to facilitate coordination with State Parks, City of Spokane, and Spokane County. Inland Northwest advocated for a 98-acre extension of the Riverside long-term boundary on the southern border. The goal is to link Riverside with the City of Spokane s Palisades Park. This action would protect an important migration route between public lands and also create the possibility of a recreational corridor (Appendix 5 and 6). Public Opinion: This addition is supported by Spokane County, City of Spokane, and Inland Northwest Land Conservancy. This opportunity will be presented to the public during the upcoming preliminary recommendations meetings. Preliminary Staff Recommendation: 1) Include 98 acres in the long-term boundary 2) Classify the majority of land as Resource Recreation but include a Recreation classification for a multiuse trail corridor. Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway: State Parks owns a portion of the abandoned BNSF right-of-way in the vicinity of Indian Bluff in the southwest region of Riverside. The western half of this line remains owned by the BNSF and is actually a component of the Spokane County Regional Trail Plan for acquisition and preservation. The line would serve as a segment to link Riverside with the City of Airway Heights. According to Spokane County, It would make sense for State Parks to be the sole owner of this ROW and potentially improvement in through some sort of agreement with the City of Spokane, Spokane County and / or City of Airway Heights. It would be an amazing trail. This concept will be presented to the public in May Sontag Park-Property Transfer and Disposal of Sports Field: Sontag Park is a State Parks property, but currently operated by Spokane County Parks. It is located on Charles Road, northwest of the Nine-Mile Dam and bridge. Sontag Park is encompassed by Riverside and bordered by the Spokane River, east, the Nine Mile Elementary School, west and also serves as a trailhead for the Centennial Trail. Sontag Park includes 46 parking spaces, a ball field, BBQ amenities, hiking trails, picnic shelter, play equipment, and a tennis court. The shelter, measuring 37 x 17 feet, is large enough to accommodate larger groups and is today a rental managed by Spokane County Parks. Faced with on-going budgetary constraints, Spokane County requested that State Parks manage the park and requested that a potential transfer be included as an alternative in the CAMP. The purpose of this alternative was to reduce the burden of land management for Spokane County, provide the elementary school with the much-used ballfield, and allow State Parks to use the existing parking lot as the Centennial Trail trailhead (Appendix 7). 19

20 Public Opinion on Alternatives: Disposal of the Sontag Park property, specifically the ballfield and tennis courts, was welcomed by the Nine Miles Falls School District. For ten years, the school district has worked under an agreement with Spokane County to water and monitor the ball field and help maintain the children s toy structure located near to the school. The field and open area are used daily for the children. Public opinion on the opportunity was favorable, but there were questions about how much of a cost this would be for the school district to operate. The school district explained in public meetings that they already care for this area and would not place a new burden on them. Today, the property is used for a number of community events including dog shows, car shows, Easter egg hunts, and baseball in addition to passive uses such as picnicking. There were mixed opinions on the potential for State Parks to charge the Discover Pass at the parking lot, which is now free under Spokane County s management. In general, it was important that any land transaction between State Parks and the school district would require deed restrictions built into the land transaction that would protect and promote continued public use of the property. Preliminary discussions with the school district revealed openness in maintaining public use of the property. Preliminary Recommendations Consideration should be given to disposal of a portion of Sontag Park. The ballfield and tennis courts would be optimized by Nine Mile Elementary School, which already uses the ballfields extensively, and according to Spokane County, even water the field regularly. If the other portion of Sontag Park is given back to State Parks, it would be possible to charge the Discover Pass at the 46-vehicle stall parking lot as this is the western terminus of the Centennial Trail. 1. Transfer parkland management responsibilities from Spokane County Parks to State Parks. 2. Divide the property between State Parks and school district; surplus the ballfield and tennis court (adjust long-term boundary). 3. Transfer ballfield and tennis court to school district if disposal is approved by the Commission. 4. Retain picnic shelter and parking lot as Centennial trailhead for State Parks management. 20

21 PARK-WIDE MANAGEMENT ISSUES Heritage Area/Nine Mile Facility Development and Preservation: Although the physical places and topics for discussion listed above appear diverse in nature, in reality they share commonalities making it necessary to discuss them together to solve several management challenges that have arisen since The central question is what to do with the Spokane House Interpretive Center and Clark Barns on land with significant cultural resources. How can the interpretive center be better utilized? What should future generations of citizens know about the heritage area? Where can a new welcome center with administrative facilities be best located? Spokane House Interpretive Center Today, the interpretive center is used infrequently. It is a building that includes a single space but has the potential for use as an educational setting in addition to interpretive use as a museum. Many people want a name change in their effort to make the building more relevant, but this could not happen unless the building program is determined. Clark Barns The Clark Barns are historic resources that may be historically significant. Public opinion favors their preservation. The buildings could be preserved and serve as shelters for educational purposes given their proximity to the Little Spokane River. There is an opportunity to connect children and adults with nature using these buildings as a portal. Park Headquarters A new Headquarters building complex should be located in an ideal area of the park. It should meet certain criteria, centrally located within the park, and strategically located near a highway and in a beautiful location. This building could also serve many different kinds of functions including spaces for a more formal education/interpretation classroom. Camping: The public and Spokane County support additional camping park-wide. The CAMP presented several options that were explored including specific areas of Riverside: the DNR Knight Lake property, Lake Spokane campground, and Fisk. Comments described how more camping was a good idea and that there are not enough camping opportunities in Spokane County in general. Caution about overdevelopment, especially at Fisk and McLellan Conservation Area, advised that these areas hold habitat value and that too much development could damage the wild character of these places. There were no specific comments by the public regarding the Lake Spokane campground. This may be a shortcoming in how this topic was presented. In the public meetings, the presenter asked participants to consider the issue of camping park-wide and think about camping as a system which resulted in comments that thought about the mix of opportunities rather than the merit of one location in a vacuum. 21

22 Trail Master Plan: Riverside offers an intricate trail network with a wide range of uses such as hiking, biking, ADA experiences, equestrian, off road vehicle (ORV), and the potential for the further development of a water trail system. Riverside also enjoys the support of many organized trail user groups including Washington Trails Association (WTA), Backcountry Horseman, and Evergreen Mountain Bike Alliance. Although initial meetings among these groups indicated that the existing trail system is working with minimal conflicts, there was consensus that development of a trail master plan would benefit all park visitors. A master plan would augment existing data and work to establish priorities based on trail use and popularity; in turn, it would be possible to use priorities to methodically address shortcomings or to create enhanced trail experiences. Prioritization of trail projects would provide better guidance for operational staff and also serve the public better with up to date trail condition information. There is a great deal of support from the public for this effort. Centennial Trail Connection to Mount Spokane: Consideration should be given to further development of an alternative non-motorized multi-use trail that would link Riverside, Centennial Trail, and Mount Spokane State Parks together with a recreational connection. Initial plans for this connection were established in the Spokane County transportation plan, but never examined closely by our agency. This CAMP recommends development of this potential connection as it would represent more ways to enter and experience these parks as an alternative to the car. This concept has a great deal of support from the public. 22

23 APPENDIX 2 Riverside State Park Description Physical, political, and regulatory factors affecting Riverside Location: Within Spokane County, Riverside State Park includes property concentrated along the Spokane and the Little Spokane rivers, but a small portion of the park actually falls within the city limits of Spokane. Riverside is also responsible for the management of state parks lands, Department of Natural Resources lands, and Avista Corporation recreational lands within Spokane, Stevens, and Lincoln counties on Lake Spokane. Land Area: Currently, State Parks owns/manages about 14,000-acres including lands owned by State Parks, Avista Corporation, Department of Natural Resources, and Spokane County. Regional Geology and Soil Characteristics: Riverside State Park encompasses three primarily areas including a five-mile segment of the Spokane River, Lake Spokane, and the Little Spokane River. The park is composed of different natural areas that provide important wildlife habitat, illustrate geologic formations related to lave flows and ice age flooding events, and show the natural influences of the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers (and their tributaries). The Spokane River flows westward into eastern Washington out of the northern end of Lake Coeur d Alene in northern Idaho. The major geologic units of the Spokane region include glacial flood gravels and sands, Columbia River basalts, Missoula flood deposits including unconsolidated Pleistocene-aged gravel and sand deposits, and Precambrian metamorphic rock. The Spokane River and lake lie downstream of the Coeur d Alene mining district, where over 56 million metric tons of metal-enriched tailings were disposed into the Coeur d Alene River between 1886 and Geochemical analyses of riverine sediments in the Spokane River by the Washington Department of Ecology, the US Geological Survey, and Environmental Protection Agency have indicated that Spokane River sediments are variably enriched in metals derived from those tailings. Talus slopes are a common feature of the Riverside landscape. Some slopes are very extensive, while others are small patches below cliffs or on steep hillsides. The talus may be partially vegetated or completely absent of vegetation. There are also dramatic views that consist of exposed rock outcrops and steep basalt and granite cliffs with moss and other sparse vegetation. Jurisdiction: Land managed within Riverside State Park is located within Spokane, Stevens, and Lincoln Counties as well as the City of Spokane. Historical Background: The banks of the Spokane River and its tributaries have played a significant role in Pacific Northwest history. Native American presence dates thousands of years and the settlement at the confluence of the Spokane and Little Spokane ranged around 10,000 people. The Spokane House trading post built in 1810 by the Northwest Fur Trading Company-a precursor to the Hudson s Bay Company was one of the earliest English trading houses in the Northwest. The historic social and economic evolution of the larger region plays out in all its aspects along the banks of the Spokane River, as fur trading yielded to agriculture, which in turn 23

24 transformed toward combinations of industrial, commercial, residential, military, and recreational uses. In 1934, the first parcel of land of what would eventually become Riverside State Park was transferred to State Parks from Spokane County. This was followed closely in the next few years by a variety of donations and small park purchases from private and public parties. Much of the land was acquired as delinquent tax parcels, but Washington Water Power (now Avista Corporation) and other public parties provided key parcels to State Parks. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) developed a master plan and constructed many facilities in the park including the Aubrey L. White Parkway and the Bowl and Pitcher area. Growth in the park land base has continued for over 50 years making it the second largest state park and possibly the most diverse and complex park to manage in the state park system. Facilities: Picnic sites, kitchen shelters, interpretive center at Spokane House, comfort stations, vault toilets, vehicle and tent sites, group camping areas with trailer/rv spaces, park staff residences, storage buildings, shop, administrative office at Nine Mile, historical buildings, ranger station, foot and horse trails, pedestrian suspension bridge, paved road, non-motorized boat launches on the Little Spokane River and Spokane River. A segment of the Aubrey L. White Parkway is located within the park and the park operates a boat launch near the Spokane House. A 700-acre outdoor recreation vehicle or ORV area includes a restroom, picnic shelter, shop, fencing, signing, parking lot and telephone. The equestrian campground includes 10 campsites with corrals and provides access to miles of trails for riding. In winter, Riverside is also a prime recreation hub, boasting some of the best snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling east of the Cascades. Activities: Trails: 55 miles of hiking and bike trails; 25 miles of horse trails; 1 mile of ADA accessible hiking trail Water Activities and Features: 120 feet of dock; motorized and non-motorized boating; three boat ramps; fishing; water skiing; and kayaking. Winter Recreation: Cross-country skiing, snowmobiling; snowshoeing; and snow play Other Activities: Amphitheater, all-terrain vehicles, wildlife viewing, fire circles, interpretive activities, mountain biking, museum, rock climbing, fishing, and swimming. Water: Riverside State Park is characterized by the Spokane River, the Little Spokane River, Lake Spokane, and their associated tributaries. Environmental Health: The Washington State Department of Ecology s strategy for reducing and removing toxic contamination in water, water sediments and soil in the Spokane River watershed was developed in The Spokane River Toxics Reduction Strategy published by Department of Ecology is the primary resource to review for more information. The document recounts the major actions that have taken place to address the issues spanning across multiple Ecology programs. Addressing toxic pollution in the watershed is an on-going effort as they are difficult to find and remove because they persist in the environment and are found everywhere. 24

25 They pollute the Spokane watershed as they are in wastewater, stormwater and much more diffuse sources. Shoreline Master Program Designation: On January 8, 2013 the Washington State Department of Ecology approved Spokane County s Shoreline Master Program (SMP) comprehensive update. Within the park, the Spokane and Little Spokane river shorelines are designated as High- Quality Areas. Beyond Nine Mile on the south shores of Lake Spokane, the shoreline is designated as Rural Conservancy. The Stevens County Shoreline Master Program is in draft form and is projected for adoption by summer The current draft designates the north shoreline a mix of Recreation Conservancy, Rural, Shoreline Residential, Urban Growth Area, with a High Intensity designation at Long Lake Dam. Lincoln County shoreline is a mix of High Intensity Public Facility and Rural Conservancy. Historical and Cultural Preservation: Riverside includes a heritage area at the confluence of the Spokane and Little Spokane rivers, which has been home to the Spokane Tribe of Indians for thousands of years. According to the Spokane Tribe of Indians: A Socioeconomic Profile 2013, their traditional homelands extended along the Spokane River from the present-day City of Spokane, east to the Idaho border and west at the confluence of the Spokane and Columbia rivers. The Spokane shared both economic and cultural ties to neighboring groups including the Kalispel, east, and the Chewelah, north. According to Grant et al., 1994, the Spokane lived in autonomous bands that joined together for fishing and trading, however, the majority of their actions were decided at the band level. The Chewelah occupied the Colville Valley, north, and were an offshoot band of the Kalispel that migrated to the Colville Valley and were later absorbed into the Spokane Tribe. The Spokane House Interpretive Center is located within the heritage area and tells the story of Spokane House, a historic fur trade era trading post fort, the earliest permanent non-indian settlement in Washington State. It also describes the lives of the Spokane Indians who lived here and the first European people to meet them and live among them. The Spokane House post was home to several fur trappers and traders for many years. Legislative Districts: District 3 represented by State Senator Andy Billig (D) and Representatives Marcus Riccelli (D-pos.1) and Timm Ormsby (D-pos.2); District 6 represented by State Senator Michael Baumgartner (R) and Representatives Mike Volz (R-pos. 1) and Jeff Holy (R-pos. 2); and District 7 represented by State Senator Shelly Short (R) and Representatives Jacquelin Maycumber (R-pos. 1) and Joel Kretz (R-pos. 2). Transportation: Riverside State Park includes a sprawling area and is accessed by many roads. State Route 291 (North Nine Mile Road) is the primary means to access the Spokane River and Lake Spokane areas of the park from Spokane, while a secondary, historical route, North Aubrey L. White Parkway, is aligned on the east side the Spokane River. West 7 Mile Road provides access to the west side of the park linking the ORV area, Pine Bluff Trail Head and Deep Creek 25

26 Canyon to the east with points along the Spokane River including Bowl and Pitcher. The Little Spokane Natural Area is accessed by West Rutter Parkway. West Charles Road at Nine Mile provides access to the south shore of Lake Spokane. The park is primarily accessed by car; however, the Centennial Trail also provides recreational access linking the City of Spokane to the park. 26

27 APPENDIX 3 State Parks Land Classification System WAC Land classification system. State park areas are of statewide natural, cultural, and/or recreational significance and/or outstanding scenic beauty. They provide varied facilities serving lowintensity, medium intensity, and high intensity outdoor recreation activities, areas reserved for preservation, scientific research, education, public assembly, and/or environmental interpretation, and support facilities. They may be classified in whole or part as follows: (1) Recreational areas are suited and/or developed for high-intensity outdoor recreational use, conference, cultural and/or educational centers, or other uses serving large numbers of people. (2) Resource recreation areas are suited and/or developed for natural and/or cultural resource-based medium-intensity and low-intensity outdoor recreational use. (3) Natural areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of natural processes and/or features of significant ecological, geological, or paleontological value while providing for low-intensity outdoor recreation activities as subordinate uses. (4) Heritage areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of unique or unusual archaeological, historical, scientific, and/or cultural features, and traditional cultural properties, which are of statewide or national significance. (5) Natural forest areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of natural forest processes while providing for low-intensity outdoor recreation activities as subordinate uses, and which contain: (a) Old-growth forest communities that have developed for one hundred fifty years or longer and have the following structural characteristics: Large old-growth trees, large snags, large logs on land, and large logs in streams; or (b) Mature forest communities that have developed for ninety years or longer; or (c) Unusual forest communities and/or interrelated vegetative communities of significant ecological value. (6) Natural area preserves are designated for preservation of rare or vanishing flora, fauna, geological, natural historical or similar features of scientific or educational value and which are registered and committed as a natural area preserve through a cooperative agreement with an appropriate natural resource agency pursuant to chapter RCW and chapter WAC. WAC Management within land classifications. (1) The director shall develop management guidelines for each land classification listed in WAC The guidelines shall provide specific direction for each classification, outlining the philosophy of each classification, its appropriate physical features, location, allowed and prohibited activities, and allowed and prohibited developments. (2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to allow uses that are otherwise prohibited, nor prohibit uses that are otherwise expressly allowed, by the commission, this code, or by statute. 27

28 Land Classification Management Guidelines Recreation Areas TITLE DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL FEATURES LOCATION ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENTS Washington State Parks Recreation Areas State Parks Recreation Areas are suited and/or developed for highintensity outdoor recreational use, conference, cultural and/or educational centers, or other uses serving large numbers of people. State Parks Recreation Areas are to respond to the human needs for readily available areas for outdoor recreation and facilities to congregate for education, artistic expression and other ennobling pursuits. They are to provide a variety of outdoor recreational, educational, artistic, and cultural opportunities to large numbers of participants. Primary emphasis is on the provision of quality recreational services and facilities with secondary recognition given to protection of the areas natural qualities. State Parks Recreation Areas physiographic features such as topography, soil type, drainage, etc., shall be adaptable to varied types of intensive uses and development. An attractive natural setting is desirable, however, humanmade settings are acceptable. There are no specific size criteria. State Parks Recreation Areas generally are made, not found. They shall be located throughout the state with primary emphasis to service major centers of urban populations and/or outstanding recreational tourist attractions. Scenic and inspirational values shall be considered but are secondary to the site adaptability and population criteria. When part of a large diverse park, recreation areas should be sited in proximity to public roads and utilities. State Parks Recreation Areas may allow and provide for a wide variety of indoor and outdoor day, weekend and vacation activities. Provision may be made for high intensity participation in camping, picnicking, trail use, water sports, winter sports, group field games, and other activities for many people Off-trail equestrian and/or bicycle use may be appropriate in selected areas if approved by the commission. Activities requiring high levels of social interaction are encouraged. State Parks Recreation Areas shall provide appropriate facilities and services for the participation and enjoyment of high concentrations of outdoor recreationists and/or participants in indoor educational, cultural, and artistic activities. A high degree of development is anticipated. Facilities may include road and parking networks, swimming beaches, full service marinas, trails, bathhouses, artificial lakes, and pools, play fields, large sanitary and eating facilities; standard and utility campgrounds, stores, picnic grounds, group shelters, conference centers, environmental learning centers, hostels, and administrative support facilities. 28

29 Land Classification Management Guidelines Resource Recreation Areas TITLE DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL FEATURES LOCATION ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENTS Washington State Parks Resource Recreation Areas State Parks Resource Recreation Areas are suited and/or developed for natural and/or cultural resource-based medium- and lowintensity recreational use. State Parks Resource Recreation Areas are sites where the high quality of a particular natural or cultural resource or set of such resources is the lure for human recreation. Thus, the rationale for recreation is based on the value of attractive natural or cultural resources. Management of these areas must stress the centrality of preserving the quality of the natural and cultural resources while allowing appropriate and sustainable levels of human use and enjoyment. State Parks Resource Recreation Areas have a variety of physiographic features. While they may contain areas of environmental sensitivity, most portions of each area will be able to withstand low- to medium-intensity recreation use without significant environmental degradation. State Parks Resource Recreation Areas may be located anywhere in the state where natural or cultural factors produce land and water sites particularly suited for recreation in a natural setting. Access to these sites should be reasonably proximate to major urban centers, but some access restriction may be necessary to avoid overuse of resources. Within large diverse parks, these areas should be located at least a moderate distance from public roads and high use intensity areas, while still maintaining reasonable public access for their intended use. State Parks Resource Recreation Areas provide opportunities for low- and mediumintensity recreational experiences including, but not limited to, picnicking, primitive camping, a variety of recreational trail experiences, interpretive facilities, historic/cultural exhibits, nature observation, photography, orienteering, kayaking, canoeing, floating, and fishing. Off-trail equestrian and/or bicycle use may be appropriate in selected areas if approved by the commission. Basketball, tennis, organized group sporting activities requiring formal sports fields, commercial-sized piers and docks, standard and utility camping, indoor accommodations, and centers, developed swimming areas, and other similarly intense uses are not appropriate. Scientific research is permitted. State Parks Resource Recreation Areas development shall be permitted to the extent necessary to serve allowed activities. Parking, sanitary facilities, and other ancillary developments and support facilities should be constructed in a manner that is consistent with the site's ability to manage environmental change. 29

30 Land Classification Management Guidelines Natural Areas TITLE DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL FEATURES LOCATION ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENTS Washington State Parks Natural Areas State Parks Natural Areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of natural processes and/or features of significant ecological, geological, or paleontological value while providing for lowintensity outdoor recreation activities as subordinate uses. State Parks Natural Areas are to respond to the human need for readily available "conservatories" of nature and open spaces. Emphasis is directed toward nature and the conservation of native flora and fauna, special geologic or paleontologic resources, and the natural amenities of the area. Human wants for other than naturally existing educational and recreational opportunities are considered secondary to nature's requirement for the sustained maintenance of its natural balances, or the preservation of special geologic or paleontologic features. State Parks Natural Areas have a variety of topography and features to provide a diversified natural environment with interesting but not necessarily unique flora and fauna, or geologic or paleontologic features. Where classification is based on biological considerations, sites should consist of land areas large enough to maintain natural biological processes in a nearly undeveloped state and provide users with a feeling of solitude and tranquility, and an opportunity to view nature in its "uncontrolled" form. They may be partially or wholly on land, subterranean, or part of the marine environment. State Parks Natural Areas are not "made", but rather currently exist due to historical circumstances that have resulted in little or no human interference in the natural environment. Those areas most desirable in terms of physical features and size usually are "found" and "held" against creeping encroachments and raising land values. They often become over used and "lost" as populations spread around them. As a part of the overall system, these areas should be geographically spread throughout the state. When classifying specific park areas, consideration must be given to the ability to adequately manage the areas against undesirable human encroachment. State Parks Natural Areas provide opportunities for outdoor recreation on designated trails. Those trails may be developed and used only to the extent that they do not significantly degrade the system of natural processes in a classified area. Hiking, non-groomed cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, or other trail uses of similar impact to natural systems and providing a compatible recreational opportunity, may be permitted, after consultation with appropriate local, state, federal and tribal resource management agencies, and upon a finding by the agency that such trails are not likely to significantly degrade natural processes. Relocation of existing equestrian, bicycle, nordic track or other similar trails into a natural area may be permitted upon a finding by the director that such relocation is for the purpose of reducing overall resource impacts. All trails may be moved, redesigned, closed and/or removed upon a finding that their use is causing significant degradation to the system of natural processes. Technical rock climbing requires authorization by the commission. Off-trail use for nature observation, photography, cross-country skiing, harvesting of mushrooms and berries and similar uses are permitted to the degree that they do not significantly degrade natural processes. Scientific research is permitted. State Parks Natural Area development shall be limited to facilities required for health, safety and protection of users and features consistent with allowed activities. Facilities to enhance public enjoyment shall be limited to primitive items such as trails, trail structures and minor interpretive exhibits. All improvements shall harmonize with, and not detract from, the natural setting. Parking and other trailhead facilities should be located outside of a classified area. 30

31 Land Classification Management Guidelines Heritage Areas TITLE DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL FEATURES LOCATION ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENTS Washington State Parks Heritage Areas State Parks Heritage Areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of outstanding, unique or unusual archaeological, historical, scientific, and/or cultural features, and traditional cultural properties, which are of statewide or national significance. State Parks Heritage Areas are designated to preserve and/or interpret selected areas or features for the education and enjoyment of the public, an area's intrinsic cultural value, and/or for scientific research. State Parks Heritage Areas vary in size and physiographic makeup according to their location and reason for existence. Historic landscapes may require relatively large acreage while archaeological sites may be measured in square feet. State Parks Heritage Areas usually are located where they are found or the feature exists. However, in some instances relocation or recreation of artifacts, resources or facilities is possible. In these situations they may be located in appropriate settings and concentrated near major population centers and along primary travel routes. State Parks Heritage Area activities shall generally be limited to those directly associated with the interpretation of the area or feature, and the education of the patrons. Picnicking, recreational trails, and other low- to medium-intensity recreation uses may be allowed if they do not detract from the principal purpose of the area, its setting, structures, sites and objects. State Parks Heritage Area development shall generally be limited to that necessary for the protection and interpretation of the area or feature, and the education and safety of the patrons. Sanitary facilities, recreation trails, and picnicking facilities may be provided in a manner which does not detract from the aesthetic, educational or environmental quality of the area, its setting, structures, sites or objects, or, if applicable, its value for scientific research. 31

32 Natural Forest Areas TITLE DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL FEATURES LOCATION ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENTS Washington State Parks Natural Forest Areas State Parks Natural Forest Areas are designated for preservation, restoration, and interpretation of natural forest processes while providing for lowintensity outdoor recreation activities as subordinate uses, and which contain: (a) Old-growth forest communities that have developed for 150 years or longer and have the following structural characteristics: Large old-growth trees, large snags, large logs on land, and large logs in streams; or (b) Mature forest communities that have developed for 90 years or longer; or Unusual forest communities and/or interrelated vegetative communities of significant ecological value. State Parks Natural Forest Areas are places where human access to and interpretation and enjoyment of natural forest processes are limited to those activities and facilities that do not significantly degrade natural forest processes. Public access into these areas emphasizes appreciation of nature through experiencing nature. The principal function of these areas is to assist in maintaining the state's bio-diversity while expanding human understanding and appreciation of natural values. State Parks Natural Forest Areas have a variety of topographic and vegetative conditions. They are generally large enough (300 or more acres) to contain one or more distinct and relatively intact vegetative communities. Smaller areas may be appropriate if representative of a unique or unusual forest community. Desirably, they are part of a large system of open space, wildlife habitat, and vegetative communities that provide a good opportunity for long-term ecosystem sustainability. State Parks Natural Forest Areas may be located anywhere in the state where natural factors produce forest vegetative cover. These areas are not "made", but rather currently exist due to historical circumstances that have resulted in little or no human interference in natural forest progression. As a part of an overall system, these areas should be geographically spread throughout the state, recognizing that maintenance of biodiversity is one of the primary functions of their classification. When classifying specific park areas, consideration must be given to the ability to adequately manage the areas against undesirable human encroachment. State Parks Natural Forest Areas provide opportunities for outdoor recreation on designated recreation trails. Those trails may be developed and used only to the extent that they do not significantly degrade the system of natural forest processes in a classified area. Careful design of recreation trails should match intended uses, to maintain consistency with the purpose and philosophy of the classification. Hiking, non-groomed cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, or other trail uses of similar impact to natural systems and providing a compatible recreational opportunity, may be permitted, after consultation with appropriate local, state, federal and tribal resource management agencies, and upon a finding by the agency that such trails are not likely to significantly degrade natural forest processes. Relocation of existing equestrian, bicycle, nordic track or other similar trails into a natural forest area may be permitted upon a finding by the director that such relocation is for the purpose of reducing overall resource impacts. All trails may be moved, redesigned, closed and/or removed upon a finding that they are causing significant degradation to the system of natural forest processes. Technical rock climbing requires authorization by the commission. Off-trail use for nature observation, cross-country skiing, photography, harvesting of mushrooms and berries and similar uses are permitted to the degree that they do not significantly degrade natural forest processes. Scientific research is permitted. State Parks Natural Forest Areas development shall be limited to facilities required for health, safety and protection of users and features consistent with allowed activities. Facilities to enhance public enjoyment shall be limited to trails, trail structures, and minor interpretive exhibits. All improvements shall harmonize with, and not detract from, the natural setting. Parking and other trailhead facilities should be located outside of a classified area. 32

33 Land Classification Management Guidelines Natural Area Preserves TITLE DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY PHYSICAL FEATURES LOCATION ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENTS Washington State Parks Natural Area Preserves State Parks Natural Area Preserves are designated for preservation of rare or vanishing flora, fauna, geological, natural historical or similar features of scientific or educational value and which are registered and committed as a natural area preserve through a cooperative agreement with an appropriate natural resource agency pursuant to chapter RCW and chapter WAC. State Parks Natural Area Preserves are sites where human access is limited to educational and scientific purposes. The principal function of these areas is to preserve natural ecosystems or geologic features of statewide significance. Public access for recreation must be subordinate to the principal function of the classification. State Parks Natural Area Preserves have a variety of topographic and vegetative conditions. They are generally large enough (300 or more acres) to contain one or more distinct and intact ecological communities. Smaller areas may be appropriate if representative of a unique or unusual ecological community or geologic feature. They may be partially or wholly on land, subterranean, or part of the marine environment. Desirably, they are part of a large system of open space, wildlife habitat, and vegetative communities that provide a good opportunity for longterm ecosystem sustainability. State Parks Natural Area Preserves may be located anywhere in the state where natural ecological systems or significant geologic features exist. These areas are not "made", but rather exist due to historical circumstances that have resulted in little or no human interference in the natural system. As a part of an overall system, these areas should be geographically spread throughout the state. State Parks Natural Area Preserves provide opportunities for scientific research and education about natural systems, geologic features, sensitive, rare, threatened or endangered species or communities. Recreational use of existing or relocated trails may be permitted, provided that it can be clearly demonstrated that such use does not degrade the system of natural processes occurring in the preserve. Otherwise, trails are limited to administrative, scientific and organized educational activities and uses. No other activities are permitted. State Parks Natural Area Preserves development shall be limited to access facilities for permitted activities and structures to inhibit general public access. No other facilities or structures are permitted. 33

34 Land Use and Land Classification Compatibility Matrix Facilities Recreation Resource Recreation Heritage Natural/Natural Forest Area Natural Area Preserve* Amphitheater P C C N N Archery/Target Range C C N N N Camping - Std and Util P N C N N Camping - Primitive P P C N N Camping - Adirondack P C N N N Camping - Horse-oriented C C N N N Camping - Water Trail P P C N N Children's Play Area P C C N N Day Use Picnic - Tables P P C N N Day Use Picnic - Group Shelter P N C N N Day Use Lodges/Centers P N C N N Environmental Learning Centers C N C N N Equestrian Facilities C C C N N Fields - Informal Play/Mowed P C C N N Indoor Accommodations P N C N N Interpretive - Centers P N P N N Interpretive - Kiosks P P P C N Interpretive Trail P P P P C Interpretive - Signs P P P P C Parking - Vehicles P P C N N Roads P P C N N 34

35 Land Use and Land Classification Compatibility Matrix Facilities (Continued) Recreation Resource Recreation Heritage Natural/Natural Forest Area Natural Area Preserve* Sanitary: Comfort Stations P N C N N Sanitary: Composting/Vault P P C C N Sports Fields C N N N N Skiing - Alpine Facilities C C N N N Swimming Facilities P N C N N Trails - Hiking P P P P C Trails - Mountain Biking P C C N** N Trails - Equestrian C C C N** N Trails - Nordic Track Skiing P P C N** N Trails - C-C skiing P P P P C Trails - Snowmobile P C C N** N Trails - Paved non-motor P C C C N Water: Docks/Piers > 10 boats P N C N N Water: Docks/Piers - < 10 boats P P C C N Water: Launch Ramps P C N N N Water: Hand Launch Areas P P C C N Water: Mooring Buoys P P C C N P (Permitted) - Use permitted with normal agency design review C (Conditional) - Use may be permitted, but conditioned to assure design is compatible w/purpose of land classification and abutting classification objectives. N (Not Permitted)- Use not permitted. NA - Not Applicable * All uses in a Natural Area Preserve must be specifically approved by the Park and Recreation Commission as part of a management plan. **Relocation of existing trails into a natural or natural forest area is permitted per WAC (3) and WAC (2)(b). 35

36 Land Use and Land Classification Compatibility Matrix Activities Recreation Resource Recreation Heritage Natural/Natural Forest Area Natural Area Preserve* Farming/Orchards C C C N N Filming/Special Events P P P C N Grazing C C C N N Harvesting - Edible Fruiting Bodies P P P P N Harvesting - Mushrooms P P P P N Harvesting - Shellfish P P P P N Harvesting - Fish P P P P N Harvesting - Algae, etc. P P P P N Haying P P P N N Metal Detecting P P C N N Orienteering P P C N N Ocean Beach Driving P C N N N Off-Trail: Equestrian C C C N N Off-Trail: Hiking P P P P N Off-trail biking C C C N N Paragliding P P C N N Technical Rock Climbing P P C C N 36

37 Land Use and Land Classification Compatibility Matrix Activities (Continued) Recreation Resource Recreation Heritage Natural/Natural Forest Area Natural Area Preserve* Water: Jet Skiing P C N N N Water: Kayak/Canoeing P P P C N Water: Power Boating P C N C N Water: White Water Boating P P C C N Water: Sailing P P P C N Water: Skiing P C N N N Water: Swimming P P P P N Water: Wind Surfing P C C N N Winter: Alpine Skiing C C N N N Winter: C-C Skiing (off-trail) P P P P C Winter: Mushing/Sled Dogs C C C N N Winter: Snowshoeing P P P P C Winter: Snowmobiling (off-trail) P P C N N Wood Debris Collection P P P N N P (Permitted) - Use permitted with normal agency design review C (Conditional) - Use may be permitted with Commission concurrence, but conditioned to assure compatibility w/purpose of land classification and abutting classifications. N (Not Permitted)- Use not permitted. NA - Not Applicable * All uses in a Natural Area Preserve must be specifically approved by the Park and Recreation Commission as part of a management plan. **Relocation of existing trails into a natural or natural forest area is permitted per WAC (3) and WAC (2)(b). 37

38 APPENDIX 4 OVERALL MAP OF RIVERSIDE 38

39 APPENDIX 5 SOUTHERN AREA OF RIVERSIDE 39

40 APPENDIX 5 SOUTHERN AREA OF RIVERSIDE 39

41 APPENDIX 6 LAKE SPOKANE AREA 40

42 APPENDIX 6 LAKE SPOKANE AREA 40

43 APPENDIX 7 LITTLE SPOKANE AREA 41

44 APPENDIX 8 SONTAG PARK LAND TRANSFER AND PROPERTY DISPOSAL 42