Anthropometry. Ridwan Prasetyo

Transcription

1 Anthropometry Ridwan Prasetyo

2 Today s menu Definition and the importance Anthropometric data Design paradigm and strategy Class activity: Practicing scientific design 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 2

3 Definition Anthropos = humans Metrikos = measurement Literal meaning = measurement of humans Easy, isn t it? 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 3

4 More formal definition (maybe for exam) Measurement of the dimensions and certain other physical characteristics of the body such as volumes, centers of gravity, inertial properties, and masses of body segments (Sanders & McCormick, 1992) Too long and difficult? The study and measurement of human body dimensions (Wickens, et al., 2004) I love this definition! 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 4

5 Why is it important? Because God creates us in various and different sizes and shapes: due to age, sex, ethnic, nutrition, etc. So what? Physical characteristics of people need to be taken into account in designing anything that people will use Make sense? 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 5

6 Anthropometric data What to measure? Whom to measure? How to measure? How to use the data? 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 6

7 What to measure? Mainly static body dimensions Several advance measurements can also be performed e.g. dynamic and Newtonian body dimension we don t discuss these two in this class. Don t worry! Which body parts? Anything that you need Principle: the more you get, the better it would be! Some expert made standardization very helpful! 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 7

8 Static body dimensions: Standing & sitting (based on Chuan, et al., 2010) 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 8

9 Static body dimensions: Standing & sitting (based on Chuan, et al., 2010) 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 9

10 More complete anthropometric data? National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) please take a look at: But they don t show all they have Some anthropometric data are commercialized priced more than $10,000 Fortunately, Indonesia has it! Take a look at: /data_antropometri 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 10

11 Whom to measure? Sample from population Population of what? Of the potential users of your design How many for the ideal sample? It s difficult to specify The more people you take, the more precise it would be! 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 11

12 How many sample? Based on Krejcie & Morgan s (1970) formula It has been too old, more than 40 years ago! 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 12

13 How to measure? Using special anthropometric apparatus/tools: 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 13

14 Using anthropometric data Remember this thing? Please review your statistics module again 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 14

15 Let s make this easier Anthropometric data tends to follow bell curve shape So we can predict certain distribution from the data Commonly used distribution in anthropometric data: 5 th, 50 th, 95 th percentile (Adams, 2015) 5 th percentile means: 5 percent of population is on the value or below the value Example: 5 th percentile of weight of Indonesian population is 40kg. It means that there are 5 percent of the population whose weight is 40kg or less than 40kg 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 15

16 Confusing? 5 th and 95 th percentile is considered extreme member of a population 5 th percentile smallest, shortest, lightest people in a population 95 th percentile biggest, tallest, heaviest people in a population Percentile coverage of population Example: using 95 th percentile value covering 95% of population 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 16

17 Anthropometric data example Anthropometric data of Indonesian women(*): (*) taken from 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 17

18 Enough for the anthropometric data, let s move on to. Design paradigm and strategy (Sanders & McCormick, 1992): Design for extreme (5 th or 95 th percentile) Design for adjustability Design for average be careful! Main principle in design: to accommodate as many people as possible but you have specify the population first 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 18

19 Design for extreme Using 5 th and 95 th percentile as reference Don t forget: male and female are different! Anthropometric data always come with two sets of data: male data and female data Man generally larger than women in most dimensions Example: 95 th percentile: Let the tallest people enter the door 5 th percentile: Let the shortest people reach the button 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 19

20 If you re designing a door What is the value for the door s height you will use? male female Steps: Which body dimensions? Height, span, or what? Which percentile? 5 th, 50 th, 95 th? Which data sets? Male or female? Now you get the value. Remember this: If the tallest people can pass the door, then the shorter people will definitely have no problem. 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 20

21 If you re designing a button (e.g. in cockpit) What is the value of the distance from users position to the button? male female Similar steps: Which body dimensions? Height, span, or what? Which percentile? 5 th, 50 th, 95 th? Which data sets? Male or female? Now you get the value. Remember this: If people with shortest arms can reach the button, then people with longer arms will definitely have no problem. 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 21

22 Design for adjustability For me, this seems to be the most ideal Can also accommodate the most extreme people e.g. wheelchair users, very small persons, etc. But, this design strategy can not be applied in every situations This is the most ideal, but the most costly Imagine you re designing an ATM using this design strategy 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 22

23 Design for adjustability.? 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 23

24 Design for average Be careful with this strategy There are no people whose body dimensions are all at the 50 th percentile (Hedge, 2013) People with short arms don t necessarily have short legs, etc. Using 50 th percentile for certain design parameters can accommodate many people in population But, using 50 th percentile (sometimes) means that you only cover 50% population 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 24

25 Design allowances (Pheasant & Haslegrave, 2005; Grandjean, 1997) Anthropometric measurements refer to a naked person (or lightly clothed) In daily situation, we don t go to office or campus naked or barefoot Two design allowances to be considered: SHOES and CLOTHING Shoes apply anywhere Clothing usually in cold regions 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 25

26 Design allowances CLOTHING SHOES 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 26

27 Class activity Make a group consisting of max. 4 students There are 52 (registered) students here, so we should have 12 groups with 4 students each You all act as a designer and your client ask you to design an ergonomic chair The task is easy: you only need to determine measurements of the chair I will give you the paperwork after you re done with the grouping Put your names and NIMs in the paperwork 9/30/2016 Anthropometry 27

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