DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT. Fish, Numbered & Question Lakes Area Recreation Managment Plans. Issues and Preliminary Recommendations

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1 DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT Fish, Numbered & Question Lakes Area Recreation Managment Plans Issues and Preliminary Recommendations Prepared for Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Department of Land Management by Agnew::Beck Consulting March 2006

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3 Fish, Numbered and Question Lakes Area Recreation Management Plans Table of Contents Project Background & Overview...1 Planning Process...2 Project Area Features & Use...4 Fish Lake Area...7 Numbered and Question Lakes Area...14 Recommended Management...19 Policy Recommendations for Fish Lake...22 Policy Recommendations for Numbered & Question Lakes...32 Implementation Issues...41 References...43 Table of Maps Project Area Map...5 Public Parks and Recreation Areas in Talkeetna Map...6 Land Ownership Map...9 Soil Map for the Fish Lake Area...10 Topography Map...11 Soil Map for the Numbered and Question Lakes Area...16 Preliminary Draft TABLE OF CONTENTS i

4 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preliminary Draft

5 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OVERVIEW It was recommended in the 1998 Talkeetna Comprehensive Plan that certain Matanuska-Susitna Borough (MSB) lands in the Talkeetna vicinity be reserved for park and preservation. 1 The specific areas identified were a portion of State and Borough lands around X, Y, Z and Tigger Lakes, a portion of contiguous Borough land north of Fish Lake, and a portion of Borough land Land ownership in the Talkeetna area is predominately private, Native Corporation, or University of Alaska. As this property is subdivided and developed, there will not be the natural open space that we now take for granted. Our parks will become ever more valuable as refuges for wildlife and for people seeking nature and a quiet outdoor experience. From Concept: Talkeeetna Numbered Lakes Natural Area, prepared by a group of local residents around Numbered Lakes. In October 2005, the Talkeetna Community Council requested that the MSB reclassify a portion of the Numbered Lakes and Fish Lake areas as Park and Preserve, and develop a park and preserve master plan for the area. In early 2006, Agnew::Beck Consulting, LLC of Anchorage was awarded the contract to work with MSB staff and the community to prepare Recreation Management Plans for these lands (see Project Area map on page 5). With the exception of one parcel (the southwestern most 40 acre parcel that straddles the Spur Road is classified as material land ), the MSB lands identified in this planning effort remain unclassified. After evaluating site opportunities and constraints, use patterns, and considering public opinion, this planning effort will ultimately classify the MSB lands considered in this plan for particular uses (e.g., public recreation land, private recreation land). Several past planning efforts have been completed in the Talkeetna area that provide context for this work. These include: The Talkeetna Comprehensive Plan, The Talkeetna Lakes (XYZ Lakes) Recreation Plan, 2003; a Land Use Plan and Economic Development Strategy for the Talkeetna Riverfront Park, 2003; and a Lake Management Plan for the Question, Little Question, Lake Five and Unnamed Lakes, See the list of references at the end of this document for a complete listing of past planning efforts, ecological studies and background information. The Fish, Numbered and Question Lakes Area Recreation Management Plans will consider and seek consistency with these past planning efforts. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough encourages the development of a plan to guide the future use of any Borough lands classified for public recreation or preservation where public interest is high and there are competing views regarding future uses. 1 Talkeetna Comprehensive Plan, 1998, Matanuska-Susitna Borough (pages 6-38, 6-40) Preliminary Draft PROJECT BACKGROUND & OVERVIEW 1

6 PLANNING PROCESS The planning process allows community members to set goals for and to determine what, if any, improvements (e.g., trails, parking) or management strategies (e.g., controls on type of trail use) are necessary to reach these goals. The process began with a public meeting on March 8, The primary goal of this meeting was to identify the area s physical characteristics, natural habitat, current uses and access routes. Meeting attendants were also able to convey some initial goals and vision for the future of the areas. Additional public meetings will allow for public comment on the compilation of background information regarding the characteristics of these sites, as well as review draft plans that set out recommended management for these areas. Revisions will be made to the draft plans based on public feedback. The document will then be presented to the Talkeetna Community Council for their review and approval. Once the Community Council approves this plan, it will go to the Matanuska Susitna Borough Parks and Recreation Advisory Board, Real Property Asset Management Advisory Board, the Matanuska- Susitna Borough Planning Commission, and Assembly for final review and approval. Who is involved? Talkeetna Parks Advisory Committee Talkeetna Community Council Residents and landowners near study area Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Land & Resource Management representatives Agnew::Beck Consulting, working as the prime consultant Role of the Advisory Committee The Borough establishes local Advisory Committees whenever there are diverse views on best management of a public recreation area. As stated in the Talkeetna Comprehensive Plan, it is recommended that a citizens Park Advisory Board be created to guide the management of these and other area parks in order to maximize both their wildlife habitat and compatible recreation values. The Talkeetna Parks Advisory Committee is comprised of a core committee and an at-large committee. This committee, chaired by Chris Mannix, guides the development of this plan for management and improvements to the area. Affected Agencies State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR) own tracts of land that are adjacent to the study areas. Cook Inlet Regional Inc. (CIRI) owns a large area of land, primarily east of the study areas. The University of Alaska owns tracts of land that are adjacent to the study areas. 2 PLANNING PROCESS Preliminary Draft

7 State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF) may be involved with any parking improvements and maintenance along the road. Project Timeline Date Action The Talkeetna Comprehensive Plan recommends portions of MSB land 1998 around Fish and Numbered Lakes be reserved for park and preservation. The Talkeetna Community Council requests the MSB reclassify the October 2005 land as Park and Preserve, and develop a park and preserve master plan for the area. February 06 Agnew::Beck was awarded contract to prepare a Recreation Plan. February 06 Publicity of the project began with flyer posted around community; informational postcards were sent to over 200 adjacent landowners. March 8 06 Initial site visit and meeting with the local Parks Advisory Committee and interested community members. March 06 Prepare Issues and Preliminary Recommendations and review with MSB staff, Parks Advisory Committee and other key stakeholders March 06 Distribute Issues and Preliminary Recommendations for community review April 5 06 Community Workshop #1 April 06 Revise Preliminary Recommendations to create Draft Plan April 06 Release Draft Plan for community review May 06 Community Workshop #2 May 06 Revise and finalize Plans May 06 Community Council meets to approve Plans June 06 Matanuska-Susitna Borough Advisory Boards, Planning Commission and Assembly approve Plans Preliminary Draft PLANNING PROCESS 3

8 PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE The lands considered in this plan are owned and managed by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough and are located within the Talkeetna Community Council area. Talkeetna is an unincorporated community. Separate goals, policies, implementation strategies will be developed in two different regions: Fish Lake Area (land north of Fish Lake) and Numbered and Question Lakes Area (parcel around Numbered Lakes and small parcel west of Question Lake). See Project Area map on the following page for the location of study area parcels. Because the uses, access, land ownership, physical environment, etc. are different among the parcels, it is important to differentiate the two regions and set policies separately. Other Public Lands in the Area Talkeetna has a variety of public lands that serve as parks or are used for recreational activities. Decisions on the future use of the Fish, Numbered and Question Lakes areas will need to reflect the range of recreation options in the community. Close to downtown is the Village and Riverfront Park which is small but heavily used, both by residents and summer tourists. Amenities include overnight camping, picnicking, fishing, yearround trail and river access, parking and boat launch facilities. This area is owned by the Alaska Railroad, the state and the MSB. This is the most heavily used, extensively developed recreation site in the Talkeetna area. About a mile and a half southeast of downtown is Christiansen Lake Park, a large day-use park that principally provides fishing, boating and swimming. A mile farther south is the Talkeetna Lakes Park (the X, Y, Z and Tigger Lakes area), a larger park that is MSB owned and reserved for public recreation use. This area is road-accessible yet largely undeveloped. Only nonmotorized activities are permitted which attracts activities such as skiing, fishing, dog mushing, mountain biking, hiking, canoeing and camping. This area lies a few miles north of Fish Lake. See the Public Parks and Recreation Areas in Talkeetna map on page 6 for an approximate location of these parks. Improvements underway or planned in this area include a walking, biking and ski trail system and associated trail head parking areas. These areas have been used for generations by the local community. Not till recently have these areas been formally identified as parks, and infrastructure and recreational development been established. Separate plans for the Riverfront Park and the Talkeetna Lakes Park were completed in PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE Preliminary Draft

9 Project Area Map Preliminary Draft PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE 5

10 Public Parks and Recreation Areas in Talkeetna Map 6 PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE Preliminary Draft

11 FISH LAKE AREA Fish Lake itself is located at approximately mile 9 of the Spur Road, just east of the road. Downtown Talkeetna is approximately 5 miles northwest. The MSB parcel that is the focus of this plan covers approximately 240 acres. Land Ownership and Land Use in the Surrounding Area The Borough land at Fish Lake is completely surrounded by private property and Fish Lake itself. See the Land Ownership map on page 9. As discussed further below, Fish Lake is a popular public recreation destination, but currently nearly all this use crosses the private lands along the Spur Road at the west end of the lake. Adjoining private property is primarily used for low density residential uses, both for year-round and second homes. About half the parcels in the immediate vicinity of the Fish Lake parcel have been developed. Parcels with homes or cabins include a cluster of residential uses at the southeastern end of Fish Lake, and a few developed parcels on the north, east and west sides of the Borough parcel. Access to the Area This Fish Lake MSB parcel is surrounded by private property, with no public constructed roads leading to any portion or access point. Users access the area from their own property, private driveways, other people s private property or along undeveloped public right-of-ways (ROW). The land owner who owns the land between the Spur Road and Fish Lake (and those who lease from him) currently allows people to park on and cross through his property to access the lake, the MSB land or private property adjoining the lake or on the eastern end of the study area. Other users travel by boat to an informal trailhead at the east end of the lake at which point they hike through the Borough parcel to their cabins. There is also an undeveloped public ROW that extends east from the Spur Road and enters the northern portion of the project area. Residential users south of Fish Lake enter the area on a private driveway that heads north from South Birch Creek Blvd. As is discussed further below, the area east of the Fish Lake is primarily wetlands. This area is used for access in the winter, but is a barrier to travel during summer months. Physical Environment Topography The Fish Lake parcel has rolling, variable, glacial-created topography with a complex pattern of mounds, ridges and more level areas. In general, the land slopes south towards the lake, with a relatively steep slope along the shoreline, creating a pleasant sunny, southern exposure. The map on page 11 shows the topography of this area. Hydrology With the exception of the southern portion of the area and the two lakes in the northeast, this area is primarily high and dry. What the locals call Gator Creek, an anadromous salmon stream just west of the project boundary, flows south into Fish Lake. (The most accessible public ROW, mentioned in the Access to the Area section earlier in this chapter, crosses this stream bed.) Preliminary Draft PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE 7

12 Upper Birch Creek flows west from the Bartlett Hills into Fish Lake. It then drains from the western end of lake and turns into Lower Birch Creek. The Citizens Water Monitoring group is in its 5 th year of upper and lower Birch Creek monitoring. The eastern portion of the area is primarily wetlands, allowing for easy winter travel and vistas across the lake. Portions of two unnamed lakes extend into the northeast portion of the project area The topographic map on page 11 provides a good summary of the streams and lakes in the area; the soils map on page 10 shows the boundaries of the wetlands. Vegetation Vegetation includes a mix of forested and marshy areas. The forest is relatively open and walkable in some areas but thick with devil s club, high bush cranberries and additional brush in other sections. Black spruce and mixed birch are the dominant trees; alder and willow shrubs are also found. The wetland areas are primarily muskeg (peat bog) which provides a home for an abundance of plants that thrive in wet, acid soil; sphagnum moss is the mainstay. This mix of forests and wetlands contribute to the area s significant habitat values. Wildlife This area is home to a variety of wildlife and also provides migratory corridors for a number of species. Wildlife found in the area includes beaver, river otter, bear, moose and fox. (Over a recent, four month summer stretch, one resident at the east end of the lake reported seeing 33 moose and 8 bear.) Birds in the area include swans, cranes, eagles, gray owls, scoters, long-tail ducks, loons and red-necked grebes. Fish in the area includes anadromous coho salmon, Chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, rainbow trout, Dolly Varden, long-nose suckers and stickleback. Unlike a number of other lakes in the Talkeetna area, Fish Lake and the smaller lakes to north are not stocked by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). The Fish Lake parcel has a strategic location between the paths of two important anadromous fish stream systems Gator Creek to the north and Upper and Lower Birch Creeks to the east and west. As a result, this area functions as an important wildlife corridor, for black and brown bears and other species, linking the Bartlett Hills to the Susitna River. 8 PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE Preliminary Draft

13 Land Ownership Map Preliminary Draft PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE 9

14 Soil Map for the Fish Lake Area This map may contain errors, may not be current, and may omit important information. This map is solely a representation of real-world conditions and is made available to for informational purposes only. 10 PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE Preliminary Draft

15 Topography Map Preliminary Draft PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE 11

16 Current Human Uses in the Fish Lake Area Summer The Fish Lake area (both the MSB land and the lake itself) is used primarily by local residents who use the lake itself for fishing, swimming and boating (primarily non-motorized). With the exception of freeze- and break-up, Fish Lake sees daily use including the float plane activity, people crossing to access their land, and recreationists. Fish Lake is the primary take-off and landing area for float plane use in the Talkeetna area. The lake s proximity to the Spur Road allows for easy access, and the lake s size and orientation make it work well for float planes. The landowner on the west side of the lake leases land to four different float plane operators. The float plane activity has approached a level that is beginning to concern many locals who use the lake to boat, canoe, kayak or swim. While residents say that the recreation and float plane use currently are compatible, growth in use could present a significant safety hazard. The MSB land to the north of the lake is used for walking, hiking, bird watching and hunting. This area sees far less use than the lake itself and is largely undeveloped and natural. Other than float plane operators, only one other commercial business operates in the area cabin rentals on the east side of the lake have infrequent and minimal occupancy. Winter The area is used primarily by local residents in the winter who use the lake itself for skiing (volunteers groom freestyle and classic ski trails along the lake s edge), dog mushing, snow machining and ice skating. The MSB land to the north of the lake is used for snow shoeing, skiing, hunting and trapping. Like in summer, this area sees far less use than the lake itself. While float plane activity is put on hold for the winter, snowmachine use is not. Snowmachines are primarily used in the Talkeetna area for transportation rather than for recreational use, but Fish Lake is one area that attracts recreational snowmachiners, primarily because of the wideopen territory that allows for high-speed driving and the proximity to the Spur Road. Evidence of Impacts of Use Currently, there is little evidence of physical changes to the natural environment of the Fish Lake parcel. As mentioned earlier, there is a boat landing and summer trail to private cabins on the east side of the Borough parcel. While float plane use is the primary concern, only audible annoyances have been reported (some residents have reported that float planes buzz too closely to private cabins). Future Human Uses in the Fish Lake Area Trends in Settlement Growth trends in the Talkeetna area, like the Matanuska-Susitna Borough as a whole (fastest growing area in Alaska, with a nearly 50% increase from 1990 to 2000), are on the rise. The current population of Talkeetna is 873, a 13% increase from the 772 population of Talkeetna serves as the social and business center for the area s population. 2 State of Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development 12 PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE Preliminary Draft

17 As the Land Ownership map shows, the majority of land in the Talkeetna area is privately owned (while none of the Native land is developed, it is still privately owned, and likely to be developed over time). While not all developed, this percentage of private property sets the stage for not only population growth but increased recreation use as well. One current project directly adjoining the Borough land north of Fish Lake is an approximately 50 acre subdivision planned just east of the Spur Road and northwest of the project area. The owner is proposing a development that would subdivide that area into 27 lots. Smaller lots are becoming more common in Talkeetna of the nearly 300 acres close to Fish Lake that have been subdivided in recent years, nearly half are two acres or less, the rest are about five acres. Trends in Tourism and Commercial Recreation Talkeetna is one of the more visited areas in interior Alaska. Tourism in the area is increasing with the proximity of Denali National Park (Denali attracts nearly half of all the tourists that come to Alaska), the picturesque and charming qualities of downtown Talkeetna, popular boating and flight opportunities, and construction of major hotels. It s also the launching point for mountaineers and McKinley climbers and a popular stop for tour companies. Currently, 70% of the revenues generated by the MSB bed tax come from the Upper Susitna Valley. 3 Commercial recreation, increased float plane business (recreational and utilitarian) is on the rise and of concern. Demand and Potential Impacts of Increase Use Probably the biggest demand for this area is public lake access for float planes, swimmers, canoers, skiers, boaters, snowmachiners, property owners across the lake, etc. As stated earlier, private property owners along the road currently allow users to park and access the lake from their property. While this option is convenient for many, other legal options must be explored. The potential impact of improved access and more activity in the area is: environmental and noise pollution (snowmachines and float planes), impacts on wetlands (ATVs and pedestrians), increased fire danger (camping and campfires), trash and trailhead misuse (more users typically equates to more and/or inconsiderate disposal of trash and human waste), disturbance to wildlife, and human use conflicts (noise and aesthetics). 3 Anchorage Daily News article, Preliminary Draft PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE 13

18 NUMBERED AND QUESTION LAKES AREA The Numbered and Question Lakes area is located approximately 7 miles south of Talkeetna, east of the Spur Road. The area discussed in this plan covers approximately 750 acres (Numbered Lakes parcel is approximately 740 acres; the Question Lake parcel is approximately 10 acres). Land Ownership and Land Use in the Surrounding Area Unlike the Fish Lake parcel which is surrounded by private property and the lake itself, land ownership surrounding this area includes state, Native, University of Alaska and private property. Numbered Lakes Parcel The southern portion of the Numbered Lakes area adjoins state, private and University of Alaska property. To the east lies a large amount of CIRI (Cook Inlet Regional Inc.) property. Private property surrounds the north and west. Question Lake Parcel The southern portion of the small MSB parcel is CIRI land. To the east is Question Lake, to the north is private property, and to the west is the DOT right of way. Access to the Area Numbered Lakes Parcel As in the Fish Lake area, most users of the area access the Borough land from their private property. Barge Drive runs east from the Spur Road and runs along the northern boundary of the Numbered Lakes area. A privately funded road was recently put in along the southern boundary, also a section line. Question Lake Parcel Although it adjoins the Spur Road right of way, the MSB parcel at Question Lake currently has no developed parking or access to Question Lake. In fact, Question Lake can not be seen from the Spur Road or the power line corridor east of the road until one is adjacent to the private property north of the MSB land. Locals used to access Question Lake from this private property but within the past few years, the private property owner has installed a gate that protects his utility lines, and no longer allows access. While a sign along the Spur Road informs boaters of the Lake Management Plan, it does not identify the parcel as MSB land. It has been reported that private property owners on the north end of the lake allow access to the lake. Tollefsen Road, a private driveway that extends east from the Spur Road, leads to the southern end of Question Lake. 14 PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE Preliminary Draft

19 Physical Environment Numbered Lakes Area Topography The maps on pages 11 and 16 present soils and topographic information. Topography in the area is a complex mix of relatively flat to rolling terrain, separated by flat lake and wetland areas. Soils are a mix of marshy and better drained soil. The shorelines are a mix of low angle and relatively steep slopes (often with overhanging banks). The majority of the wetlands within the Numbered Lakes area are connected to streams and lakes that support salmon. 4 Hydrology For Talkeetna, this ecosystem is unique for its numerous springs with open flowing water yearround. In addition to precipitation, springs are the sole source of water for all lakes, ponds and wetlands in the area. The MSB land in the Numbered Lakes area is composed of 6 named lakes, a number of ponds and spring-fed palustrine (define) streams and associated uplands. Because of the complex system of lakes, ponds and streams, drainage in the area is in several directions. Lake Five and Six drain north and west into Question Lake and Little Question Lake respectively, then into Question Creek. Lakes One and Three drain into Lake Four. The outlet stream of Lake Four flows west directly into Question Creek. Question Creek joins Answer Creek just west of the Spur Road, flowing south into Sunshine Creek and ultimately the Susitna River. 5 This lake system provides an estimated 200 acres of open water habitat with an estimated 40% of the surface area composed of lakes and associated wetlands. Vegetation Like the Fish Lake area, vegetation includes a mix of forested and marshy areas. The forested areas are a mix of black spruce and birch uncharacteristically open and walkable, uncluttered with devil s club and other brush. The marshy areas, on the other hand are wet, fragile and difficult to travel across in the summer months. The wetland areas are primarily muskeg (peat bog) which provides a home for an abundance of plants that thrive in wet, acid soil; sphagnum moss is the mainstay. Wildlife This area is home to a variety of wildlife and also provides migratory corridors for a number of species. Wildlife found in the area includes beaver, river otter, bear, moose, fox and coyotes. The beavers are continually building dams and lodges, changing the water levels of ponds, lakes and streams, and occasionally altering the lives of plants and birds. Many adult salmon make their way to the spring-fed waters of this area. The slow-flowing streams allow for excellent spawning and rearing habitat for thousands of young salmon. The abundance of fish helps explain the diversity of life in the area. Fish in the area includes anadromous coho salmon, Chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, rainbow trout, Dolly Varden, longnose suckers and stickleback. None of the lakes are stocked. 4-5 An Ecological Description of the Numbered Lakes Ecosystem and Potential Development Impact Assessment, The Aquatic Restoration and Research Institute, 2006 Preliminary Draft PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE 15

20 Soil Map for the Numbered and Question Lakes Area This map may contain errors, may not be current, and may omit important information. This map is solely a representation of real-world conditions and is made available to for informational purposes only. 16 PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE Preliminary Draft

21 Because of the springs and open water system, this ecosystem is a valuable resting and feeding habitat for many species of waterfowl. The ponds and lakes are especially important for both migrating and nesting waterfowl. Birds observed in the area include swans, cranes, eagles, gray owls, scoters, long-tail ducks, loons, red-necked grebes, dippers and magpies. Physical Environment Question Lake Parcel Topography of this 10 acre parcel is relatively flat with low-angle hills sloping to the north and down towards Question Lake. The northwest corner slopes into a wetland area, the only wet portion of the parcel; no streams or creeks exist. The vegetation and wildlife (with the exception of fish) is similar to that of the Numbered Lakes area. Current Human Uses Like the Fish Lake area, adjoining private property around Question Lake is primarily used for low density residential uses, both for year-round and second homes. Approximately 80 percent of Question Lake is fronted by residential parcels. There are approximately 15 homes on the lake (2/3 of which are year-round residents) and several homes north of Little Question Lake. Fewer parcels in the immediate vicinity of Numbered Lakes have been developed than is the case at Fish, Question and Little Question Lakes. While used for residential purposes, the predominate sense of the area is undeveloped and natural. The area is used primarily by local residents and with the exception of the occasional snowmachine and ATV, is non-motorized. Summer Summer activities include hiking, swimming, fishing, bird watching and berry picking. The only trails that exist are those created by wildlife. Winter Winter activities include cross country skiing, snowshoeing, dog mushing and ice skating when the conditions permit. There is little historical snowmachine use in the area. Evidence of Impact Because this area is predominately non-motorized and used by few, very little evidence of impact currently exists. The area is clean and pristine with no evidence of fire pits, trash and trails. No commercial activities exist. Future Human Uses in the Number Lakes Area Trends in Settlement It is believed by some that Talkeetna will eventually come to have the same population density that currently exists in the lower Matanuska-Susitna Valley. The Numbered Lakes area is largely surrounded by private land owners, which could potentially increase the immediate population significantly. Preliminary Draft PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE 17

22 Trends in Tourism and Commercial Recreation As was described for Fish Lake, tourism is growing in the area, and likely to create steadily increasing pressures for use of attractive outdoor recreational environments. While no commercial recreation business currently exists in the Numbered Lakes area, this possibility is a concern to many of the locals. Demand and Potential Impacts of Increased Use While not a huge demand, public access to these MSB lands should be considered for future users and landowners in the area. Considering future access options could help avoid undesignated and potentially harmful trails and access routes. Like in the Fish Lake area, these are potential impacts to recreation and habitat values on the MSB lands posed by improved access and more activity in the area. These impacts include: changes to the hydrology adjoining development, environmental and noise pollution (snowmachines and float planes), destruction of wetlands (ATVs and pedestrians), increased fire danger (camping and campfires), trash and trailhead misuse (more users typically equates to more and/or inconsiderate trash disposal), disturbance to wildlife, and human use conflicts (noise and aesthetics). 18 PROJECT AREA FEATURES & USE Preliminary Draft

23 RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT Overview of Values, Issues and Goals for Both Parcels Values During the initial public involvement process in spring 2006, participants voiced an unusual level of consensus about the values of these public lands in their natural state, and about preserving these values for future generations. They identified these values as: Highly productive fish and wildlife habitat, resulting from - low levels of human use and impacts - natural hydrology and high water quality - waterbody connectivity for fish spawning and rearing Upland habitat connectivity that allows wildlife movement parallel to creeks between the Bartlett Hills and the Susitna River Diversity, such as clearings and mature forest, wetlands, waterbodies of varying depths Specific natural features, such as the year-round open waters at Numbered Lakes and the solar exposure of the north shore of Fish Lake. Accessible but not highly advertised - backyard natural area for current and future residents - not currently a primary destination for visitors from outside of Talkeetna Specific recreation opportunities that are tied to the natural features: - winter exploration by skis and snowshoes - summertime wandering through clearings and forested islands at Numbered Lakes - swimming and paddling at various lakes - viewing wildlife and nature in all seasons - low levels of human impacts: a pristine setting Preliminary Draft RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT 19

24 Goals As stated in the Talkeetna Comprehensive Plan, and re-stated often by residents, there is a strong desire to maintain the natural setting and the easy connection for residents to the natural setting. Several residents express this as keeping it the way it is. These are draft goals. They will be discussed and revised by the participants at the April work session in Talkeetna. Goal 1. Maintain the natural, largely undeveloped, character of the area. Goal 2. Protect the productivity of the fish and wildlife habitat. Goal 3. Provide reasonable opportunities for public access consistent with the first two goals. Goal 4. Provide for and manage low to moderate levels of non-motorized recreation compatible with the first two goals. Some residents have proposed that habitat protection is the over-arching goal for the Numbered & Question Lakes. They propose to call those lakes and Borough lands the Talkeetna Numbered Lakes Natural Area. They propose that recreation, research, and education would be allowed but controlled and perhaps limited to avoid impacts to habitat. An excerpt from that group s recommended plan the area is presented below: The primary purpose for which the Talkeetna Numbered Lakes Natural area is established is to protect and perpetuate the long-term quality, conditions, and viability of fish and wildlife populations and habitat, wetlands and waterbodies, natural quiet, and natural open space values contained or supported within the Natural Area boundaries, for the benefit of present and future generations. Other purposes for establishment of the Talkeetna Numbered Lakes Natural Area include compatible outdoor recreation, education, and scientific research. Excerpt from citizen proposal: Purpose of the Numbered Lakes Natural Area Issues What challenges does the community face in keeping it the way it is? Increased number of users Recreation demand in the general area is likely to increase as the number of residents and tourists increases. Increased concentration of uses Recreation use is likely to concentrate on public lands as private lands are developed and become unavailable for traditional public recreation. New access points New roads, residences, and subdivisions are being constructed at or near the boundaries of Borough land. This will probably increase the number of recreation users and change the access patterns. Uncertainty of existing access Access to Fish Lake has long depended on the generosity of one private landowner who allows public parking and traversing of his private property. This arrangement does not guarantee future public access to the lake shore. 20 RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT Preliminary Draft

25 Request for roads There are private property owners east of both Question Lake and Fish Lake who have indicated a desire for road access across the Borough land to their properties. Effect of publicity Development of access points, facilities, and management plans may attract users that currently don t know about these lands. Impacts from not adding any facilities Not developing access points and facilities to accommodate increasing use may result in negative impacts: - damage to sensitive habitat - disruption to wildlife - nuisances to adjoining land owners. Impacts from adding facilities Facilities may displace users who are drawn primarily to the natural setting. Facilities will concentrate users to some degree. Place of refuge for wildlife These Borough lands will play an increased role in sustaining fish and wildlife populations in the Talkeetna area as surrounding development reduces habitat. Lack of data Lack of detailed habitat mapping or species documentation makes it difficult to keep it the way it is in terms of habitat. Management Alternatives This planning process considers a broad spectrum of management alternatives, beginning with doing nothing. However, doing nothing will not result in the desired goals for keeping these Borough lands as they are, because these lands are not insulated from the changing access patterns and residential development all around. Maintaining the natural character, habitat productivity, and recreation quality of these lands in the long run, and probably even for the near term, requires management strategies for access and recreation. Policies and facilities can be phased and implemented as needed in order to anticipate, and keep pace with, change, but not greatly stimulate new use. Preliminary Draft RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT 21

26 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FISH LAKE Summary of Management Intent Consistent with the goals expressed above, the overall intent for the Fish Lake Parcel is that it be retained in Borough ownership, and managed to protect its natural character and value for habitat. The parcel and the adjoining lake should be managed to low-intensity recreation uses, such as walking, bird-watching, snowshoeing and cross country skiing. Motorized recreation uses should be prohibited. Public access to the lake may be developed. The recommended Borough land classification is Public Recreation/Watershed lands. This draft identifies five preliminary policies and related management recommendations for Fish Lake: 1. Access to Fish Lake 2. Access to lands east of Fish Lake 3. Parking 4. Lakefront facilities 5. Trails 1. Access to Fish Lake Background Most of the current public use at Fish Lake occurs on the lake itself. The Borough land provides no road or trail access to the shore. Recreation users must currently cross private land to reach the shore of Fish Lake. The lessee at the west end of Fish Lake has traditionally allowed local residents public to park on his lease site, and cross it to the lake shore. This access depends entirely on the land owner s or lessee s permission and thus future public access at the west end of Fish Lake is site is not guaranteed. One outcome of this plan should be to identify permanent public access to the shore of Fish Lake. A new route to the shore will require analysis of the site conditions, including terrain, soils, wetlands and streams. This plan can offer only preliminary judgment that an access route is needed and is technically and environmentally feasible. The exact alignment, engineering, design and cost of the access facilities would be determined in a project scoping analysis before construction. 22 RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT Preliminary Draft

27 Options for Access to Fish Lake, Fish Lake Shore OPTION NOTES BENEFITS DRAWBACKS 1. No action Current access to the shore depends on private land owner/lessee s permission. Access is effectively limited to locals who know of the unwritten arrangement, or to bold out-of-towners, who see the lake, and guess that it s OK to park and use the area. 2. Acquire public access from private owner at West end of Fish Lake 3. Identify new access along north boundary of Borough land, across Gator Creek, and south to shore (following the western portion of the ROW that has been reserved crossing through the Fish Lake parcel) This access follows a section line easement along the edge of a proposed subdivision to Gator Creek. The creek bed is anadromous and would require some sort of a water passage, such as a culvert or bridge. This area is already being platted for a subdivision (Fish Lake Village 27 lots Some residents who value low intensity use favor the current unofficial access because wouldbe users are deterred Avoid cost and potential environmental impacts of new road or trail construction Concentrate developed use at one shore area Easy to monitor because it is visible from Spur Road Provides permanent public access, and a reasonably convenient location.. Access to a relatively gently sloping shore with southern exposure Generally concentrates human use of shore (and of Fish Lake Parcel) at west end of lake, where private development will also happen Deciding on this access now would alert buyers in new subdivision so they locate their houses accordingly Potential loss of public access at any time, depending on landowner and lessee. Uncertain how much increase in public use the landowner will accommodate No facilities or signs to reduce impacts/educate public Some users are deterred from using these public lands and waters by the lack of official public access. MSB is highly unlikely to purchase and will not pursue a property condemnation or eminent domain because they have already made a large commitment of Borough land to recreation near Talkeetna More likely to attract new users because of visibility from Spur Road Habitat disturbance: Gator Creek is spawning stream for salmon and a bear corridor Habitat disturbance on north shore, which has been noted as a waterfowl spring concentration and nesting area Road construction costs: Gator Creek has several channels and would require a relatively costly crossing. Road maintenance costs MSB and/or local road service district Fish Lake Recommendations, Policy 1: Access to MSB Lands. An access route will be identified and reserved from the Spur Road to the northern boundary of Borough lands and south to the lakefront. The access route, when constructed, will be improved as a narrow access road and will include a bridge to guarantee a safe, low impact crossing over Gator Creek. Access Preliminary Draft RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT 23

28 will be constructed with design and use criteria to deter misuse, with the intent to protect the natural setting and habitat values of Fish Lake; and when commitments for adequate maintenance and monitoring are in place. 2. Access to Lands East of Fish Lake Background People who want to reach land east of Fish Lake currently use the lake in winter as a route for skis or snow machines. In summer the lake functions as a route for boats for the same purpose. An un-built road right of way zigzags through the center of the Fish Lake parcel, providing access to the parcel and private lands to the east. As of spring 2006, the Borough has not received any formal request to develop this road. However, this easement serves a sensible function and if it is dropped an alternative route should be provided. Options for Private Access to Lands East of Fish Lake OPTION NOTES BENEFITS DRAWBACKS 1. No action Current access by boat across Fish Lake depends on crossing or launching a boat from private land with the owner/lessee s permission. 2. Use the zig zag ROW through the Fish Lake MSB Parcel This is the only right-of-way to three parcels east of Fish Lake. No public cost No impacts to Borough lands as long as status quo continues. Through issuances of a road construction permit, Borough could require some features of the road to serve recreationists, such as aligning the road for good views Potential loss of access for several eastside property owners, depending on landowner and lessee. Uncertain how much increase in public use the landowner will accommodate No facilities or signs to reduce impacts/educate public Uncertain timing for construction of road: it could accelerate use of Borough lands Borough couldn t manage vehicle entry: this would be a public thoroughfare Road may attract nuisance behavior such as bonfires and trash disposal Change to natural character of land and hydrology: road may require cut- and -fill and wetland crossings Disruption to wildlife. This land is thought to be a movement area for bears and a spring concentration area for moose Obstacle to future trail systems because the road splits the parcel 24 RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT Preliminary Draft

29 3. Vacate the existing public access easement that crosses through Fish Lake parcel, substitute a route that would head east along Pow Wow Road to the border of CIRI land, and then south along a section line at the west edge of CIRI property. Provides permanent overland access easement to private owners. Avoids bisecting Fish Lake uplands with a road: preserves the natural qualities valued for recreation and habitat. MSB retains control over vehicle access into the Borough lands: can choose to keep it roadless, or to have a road that can be closed to manage impacts Is the Pow Wow alignment physically suited for road construction? With the exception of a small pond at the east end of Pow Wow, which could be bypassed, route looks straightforward. 4. Vacate the existing public access easement that crosses through Fish Lake parcel; substitute access either by acquiring a public use easement on the existing private land on the west end of Fish Lake, or by using the route shown on maps on the south side of Fish Lake The status of the route shown on maps on the south side of Fish Lake has not been determined this may not be a legitimate, public access option. No private cost to property owners to build road across Borough lands No impacts to Borough lands. Concentrate developed use at one shore area Easy to monitor because it is visible from Spur Road MSB will not purchase or otherwise obtain an easement for private parties without also addressing public access to the lakefront East shore property owners might not get overland access until considerable other development brings road connections to the areas east of Fish Lake. Fish Lake Recommendations, Policy 2: Access easement to lands east of Fish Lake. Vacate the existing public access easement that crosses through Fish Lake parcel, and substitute a route that would head east along Pow Wow Road to the border of CIRI land, and then south along a section line at the west edge of CIRI property. Preliminary Draft RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT 25

30 3. Parking at Fish Lake Background Most people come to Fish Lake by vehicle and park on private leased lands near the outlet. When a public access road or trail is built to the northern boundary of the Borough Lands, users will park at that new location. The parking must be situated and designed to serve primarily local day users and to avoid misuse. Because Fish Lake is a boating destination (both for recreation and for transportation to roadless private properties), Fish Lake needs at least one public access point for boat launching. This can be designed as a primitive road or narrow driveway with a turnaround at the end for boat dropoff. There would be no parking near the shore. A conceptual site plan will be included in draft plan. Fish Lake Recommendations, Policy 3: Parking. When a public access road is built to the west side of the MSB Fish Lake Parcel, parking will be provided. The parking area will be designed to serve primarily local day users, with overnight parking allowed only for persons using boat access to private properties on the lake. Specific issues to be addressed, and preliminary recommendations for parking improvements, are listed below: Phasing - Parking should be built at the time that a public access road is constructed into MSB land. Separation distance from the lake - After the road crosses Gator Creek and turns south, it should proceed most of the way to the lake, stopping yards from the shoreline. Scale for a parking area - Initial plan is six parking spaces, which could include two boat trailer spaces. Boat launch discuss with community any option to secure rights for boat launch at the existing developed (private) west end of the lake? Visibility from Spur Road Parking should not be visible from the Spur Road. Gate Closing hours for the parking area should be posted, and a gate installed near Spur Road that could be locked at night by a borough employee or volunteer local resident. This will help deter inappropriate late-night or overnight use. Walk-in trailheads Encourage future trail connections from neighborhoods to reduce driving to this site. As adjacent lands and nearby lands are developed, platted pedestrian easements to the MSB lands would encourage neighborhood users to arrive on foot rather than drive to Fish Lake. 4. Lakefront Facilities at Fish Lake Background When public access is developed to the shore of Fish Lake, some level of signs and facilities may be needed to manage use, minimize user conflicts and impacts to the lake. The community expressed the vision of Fish Lake as an informal local recreation area for day use only. They prefer that Fish Lake remain less developed and less frequented than other 26 RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT Preliminary Draft

31 public waterfront lands in and around Talkeetna which are being developed for more intensive public recreation. These more intensive public recreation sites are: Talkeetna River Park, which provides overnight camping sites near downtown; The Talkeetna River boat launch and campground, located east of downtown Talkeetna; Talkeetna Lakes (XYZ Lakes) recreation area, with commercial canoe rentals in summer and groomed ski trails in winter; Xxxxx trail system near downtown; and Christensen Lake Park, which has a public beach area for swimming and day use, with toilets, picnic tables and trash collection. Camping is prohibited. There is a separate boat launch and leased sites for float plane tie-downs. Christensen Lake allows motorized boating with a speed restriction of 40 mph. Although Fish Lake is envisioned as a natural area with a low level of recreation development, modest day-use facilities (benches, trashcans, picnic tables, shore landing spots) can help visitors to enjoy the area and concentrate visitors in spots that are deemed appropriate, away from sensitive natural areas. For example, to keep boaters from landing and picnicking on gravel bars where shore birds and waterfowl congregate, an informal picnic area could be set on firm ground back from the lakefront with a view of the bird concentration area. Options for Lakefront Facilities at Fish Lake Toilets and trash cans The need for toilets and trash cans depends on the pattern of use: how many users per day, how long users stay in that area, and partly, whether they are arriving from nearby or from afar. At walk-in access points from the neighborhood, recreation users don t need toilets or trash cans. At vehicle trailheads for local users, toilets probably aren t a necessity unless there is occasional staging for events such as a ski race. At picnic or swimming sites, people are likely to come from farther away, concentrate in one area, and stay longer, probably needing toilets at some point during their visit. To protect the health and aesthetics of these sites as the level of use grows, it is advisable to have toilets and trash cans at picnic and swimming sites, at least during peak seasons and events. Shoreline protection The soils along the shore are vulnerable to erosion. Even low levels of day use, concentrated at one spot, will cause trampling of vegetation and siltation on into the lake. In addition, people and pets naturally like to wander along the shore, which can cause an expanding zone of soil compaction, vegetation loss, and siltation. These impacts to the shore and water quality can be avoided by facilities such as those listed below. Fish Lake Recommendations, Policy 4: Facilities. Fish Lake lakefront facilities will be developed if needed to ensure human safety, avoid user conflicts, provide for sanitation, or protect the shoreline, habitat values and water quality. Specific issues to be addressed, and preliminary recommendations for these improvements are listed below: In the near term (1-5 years), limited facilities are expected to be needed: access, parking, trash cans and basic amenities for day use. Preliminary Draft RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT 27