Its climate is very mild, with almond trees in full bloom in December. Its temperature very seldom drops below 12 degrees centigrade.

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Joseph Wilkerson
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1 Preliminary design of a new marina and artificial beach related to an urban development M. Poole Perez-Pardo Nautilus Servicios Tecnicos, S.L. Consulting Engineers, Camino Alto, 26 La Morale]a, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain 1 - INTRODUCTION The town of Javea is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Spanish Peninsula, between the cities of Valencia and Alicante and is aproximately at 100 kilometers distance from both. Its climate is very mild, with almond trees in full bloom in December. Its temperature very seldom drops below 12 degrees centigrade. The urban area is conformed by three nuclei. One is three kilometers away from the sea, which holds the old town with a fortified church, a second nucleus is formed by the port (Aduanas del Mar) and a third nucleus which is arround its sole natural beach. (See Figure 1). The population of Javea is aproximately inhabitants but in summer time it expands to Javea's bay is limited by the Cape of San Antonio to the North and to the South by the Cape San Martin, the distance between them is three nautical miles. Its bay is the nearest peninsular natural harbour to the Balearic islands, 50 miles away from Puerto de San Antonio at Ibiza island. The tourist attraction of the Balearic islands is well known all over Europe and receive several millions of tourists each year. Connected with the tourist and leisure navigation those islands are the most attractive core of the Occidental Mediterranean Sea.

2 46 Marina Javea is the Balearic Islands main gate for the sport and touristic navigation from the Spanish Peninsula and is, due to its location, morphology, vegetation and luminousity, as attractive as the islands. The coast of Alicante, where Javea is located, is known as the White Coast and because of its natural conditions is a fully tourist area. The current national Spanish policy for tourism is to improve the quality for the visitors, its stay period and its economic level, that is why the country is doing a big investment on new hotels, golf courses, marinas and is also promoting its landscape resources, historical sites and monuments of Spain. This paper summarizes the studies carried out, during the last few years, to write out a preliminary design of a new marina as well as a new beach on Javea (Alicante). The purpose of this preliminary design is to have a basic document which could be used to edit a consensus project among the various administrations, the citizens of Javea, private capital and all the people invoved, so that this harbour can materialize within the next few years. Among all the solutions which were studied, this preliminary design seems to be the most feasible to be carried out iimmediately, and the one that will best help Javea to develop Aduanas del Mar as both a tourist and commercial centre. This will cause an ecological improvement of the coast and will attract new inhabitants to this zone with a sailing enthusiasm and high social, professional and economic qualification, which could contribute to the economic and working growth of Javea. 2 - PREVIOUS DATES The need to enlarge the maritime and tourist facilities in Javea's marina appeared already in the 1986 Planning for Sport Harbours of the Valentian Community, due to the following reasons: The growth of the marine sports in the Valentian Comunnity. The bigger size of leisure craft. Javea's location just in front of the Balearic Islands. Its location between the Capes of San Antonio and La Nao and the bay's conditions. The harbour of Javea was built between 1930 and It has the best location in the bay, just in La Caleta harbour-beach near Saint George Castle which has been a defence building since The reasons for this preliminary design were the following: To attract a higher quality of tourism with greater purchasing power who would demand services such as supplies, repairs, maintenance, wintering and seamanship.

3 Marina 47 To make this municipality a good place for high social families both prefessionally and financially to become established in the area in order to promote investment and new enterprises so that new and qualified jobs could be created. The growth in demand for berthing and services for leisure craft for both locals and tourists. The growth in the size of boats and the quality and quantity of the services required by them. To improve the roads and facilities for the commercial and tourist requirements and the aesthetics of Aduanas del Mar, making it the most attractive place in the municipality. Improving the conditions of a new beach by increasing the capacity of the present beach of peebles (la Grava), improving its orientation, quality, services and access. To solve the problem of car parking in Aduanas del Mar as well as its access. 3 - DESCRIPTION AND ANALISYS OF THE EXISTING FACILITIES. Javea's harbour was built between 1930 and 1962 as a shelter harbour for fishing boats and it is now being transformed by the adition of a new fishing pier and a new area for berthing and services for small sports boats. The fishing area fulfills the needs of the present fleet and the building called La Lonja (Fish Market) has just been finished as well as other facilities and services nearby. The reduction of the number of fishing boats and the increase in the size and number of the leisure craft has caused the occupation of an important area of the basin, resulting in additional facilities and buildings including the Yatch Club to which floating piers for berthing have been added. During the last few years there has been an increasing demand for berthing, the dike pier is fully occupied by the recreational fleet and there are usually some yachts in the avant-port, due to the lack of berthing. The facilities in the Yacht Club are being improved and they include a travel-lift with pit. The travel-lift capacity reaches to 64 tones. The existing limits of the service area prevent parking during the season, the storage in land of small boats during the winter and the capacity of the travel-lift will be reduced due to the very limited repair area. At the moment there is a list of aproximate 150 boats waiting to have a berthing place. 4 - SUMMARY The peninsula of Javea and the Balearic Islands are ideal areas for tourists and leisure

4 48 Marina navigation within Spain and one of the best of the Occidental Mediterranean Sea. That is why this area attracts a very large leisure fleet and it is also why the demand for berthing is higher here than in the rest of the coast in the Valencian Community. The need to enlarge the nautical and tourist facilities of Javea's harbour is not new and nine possible solutions have been considered (see Figure 1). The new harbour's capacity should be aproximately 600 berths of 10x3.5 meters for which it will be necessary to have a basin of 6 Ha. and an equivalent service area. That will mean having a total area of about m2, represented by a rectangle of 300 by 400 meters. 5 - REASON FOR THE CHOSEN SOLUTION The solution chosen for this preliminary desing is to build a new harbour on the existing beach of La Grava (Solution 8) (Figure 2). The points considered in order to choose this solution are the following: From the nautical shelter point of view the area of the bay is the best. The depths are adequate for a leisure harbour and there is no need to dredge. The service area is big enough to solve the present parking problem as well as the one caused by the development of the urban area, the harbour and the beach. The dike of the present harbour partly shelters the new harbour. The new marina will improve the development of a commercial zone and increase the value of property in the residential area, as well as the whole municipality. The existing access and those forecasted, with slight modifications, will be enough for the new marina and the new beach. The crest level of the new dike will not obscure the view of the sea from the Paseo Maritimo. The new beach will considerably improve the quality, the orientation, the surface, the services and access of the present pebble beach (la Grava). The channelling of the river mouth will withdraw it from the urban area. The basin of the new harbour will have a system of water renovation. Places to accumulate residues should be avoided in the harbour basin and beach. The harbour services will be projected mainly with gardens having spacious pedestrian areas and traffic limited to a minimum. The Future buildings should be restricted to two floors in height and have services commercial, and cultural use. The construction should be reduced. The harbour and its services should have enough capacity for boats of 50 m. in length. The town centre would take no additional traffic during the summer season due to a parallel road for cars on the new area of the marina. The new project will make the present commercial area of Aduanas del Mar

5 a pedestrian area, due to the new parking area included. Marina DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW MARINA (See Figure 2) General figures. The new harbour has an eliptical shaped basin of sqm. with a berthing capacity for 610 boats of 10 x 3.5 m and a land suface of services of sqm. 81% of this land corresponds to public spaces divided as follows: m2 of streets for cars m2 parking lots m2 pedestrian avenues and gardened piers m2 areas for tourists and commercial activities. And the rest of the land area will be private access zones for boats and owner services. The depth of the basin varies from 9 meters on the entrance to 3 meters on the shore pier The dikes. The new breakwater dike is shaped as an eliptical arch, starting at the mouth of the Gorgos river and finishing at the protection of the existing dike. The new and the existing harbour will be independent but placed back to back along the existing fishing breakwater pier. The new marina will serve yachts up to 50 meters length, and will also berth the fast boat liners (hydrofoil or jet foils) going and comming to the Balearic Islands. The height of the breakwater will be reduced to the same type as Puerto Banus dike with its crest at m. above sea level. This solution will allow the sea to be seen over the breakwter from the existing shore avenue, and also from all the existing buildings The use of the new piece of land reclaimed from the sea. 81% of the new filled land will be for public use as new roads, parking lots, avenues, and gardens. Part of the parking lots could be used as a dry marina in winter time. This new piece of land will be finished at a level from m to m. below the average finish level of the existing streets, allowing harbour views from the street and terraces of the restaurants, bars and houses.

6 50 Marina The total width between the wall of the existing waterside street and the new water line of the basin will be of around one hundred meters The mouth of the river. The design includes the channeling of the river after it has passed below the existing bridge. The solution of dredging the mouth of the river will allow a better mud dillution in case of any flood. Two new bridges will take the two footpaths over the river. 7 - THE NEW URBANIZATION. The urbanization of the new marina and beach is connected and conditioned by the existing housing area of Aduanas del Mar. This area is formed by a very important commercial and residential area which has been developed, within the last thirty years, between the foot of Mongo mountain and the sea. The existing street network is not sufficient to provide a good connection with the old city of Javea and the Arenal beach, and also the number of available parking places is more and more scarce every day. This reason is limiting the commercial growth and the improvement of comfort for the hotel and restaurant guests. In the summer season the pedestrian and car transit is really a mess. The existing conditions have been considered for the design and distribution of the necessary surface to be ocupied by the marina land services area, as we expose on the following points Car streets and parking lots. A main street has been designed crossing the marina from South to North from the Gorges River to the fishing port. From this point the general urban plan of Javea includes a new street going along the slope of the Mongo Mountain to the junction with the main road coming from the old Javea city to the coast. On the new reclaimed land and at both sides of the main street the design includes 720 parking places for cars Garden promenade. A garden promenade is designed for pedestrians along the piers and around the basin, linked by four walkways to the existing town centre. This footpath will follow round the artificial beach to join the existing coast road.

7 7.3 - Touristic and commercial garden area. Marina 51 The design includes a garden area, dedicated to tourist and commercial services with an average width of thirty meters and a total surface area of fifteen thousand square metres. On that area it will be possible to locate social and cultural buildings, boutiques, shops, bars and restaurants Boats services area. The boats lift and landing systems and the maintenance area including the warehouses and service shops for the boats will be between the new beach and the South pier of the basin, with a total surface of sqm. The landing of dinghies and small sailing boats could be done by a ramp from the channeled section of the river. A big part of the car parking increasing the marine revenue. lots could be used as a dry marina off-season, Public park marina concept. As it has been said before, 81% of the land service area of the marina will be for public use and free access to everybody, limiting the access restrictions to the boats moorings, landings, maintenance areas, workshops and warehouses. The marina must be a public park and the trees, gardens, lighting, urban furniture, security and maintenance are the basic requirements for its design, construction and operation Urban utilities. The design includes the supply and distribution of electric power, water, telephone, sewerage, utility galleries, security, fire prevention, telecommunications, etc. 8 - BUILDING LIMITATIONS TO BE ENFORCED ON THE INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL AREA. In order to give the best services of the marina to Javea Municipality, these must be the most convenient to the nautical users of the port, Javea inhabitants, and also they must attract visitors to enjoy the marina as a park area, to stroll, relax and also take advantage of it as a commercial and cultural center. The distribution of buildings in the tourist-commercial area must be arranged allowing for the maximum visibility of the basin and of the sea from the existing pier promenade. For that reason the axis of the buildings must be orientated East-West.

8 52 Marina 9 - THE NEW BEACH The preliminary design includes the construction of an artificial beach with a sandy area of sqm., a garden area of sqm. and a maritime pedestrian promenade of about 900 m. in length and 10 m. wide. The beach project will include also a carparking lot for 540 cars. The beach is shaped as two shells of 300 m. length of shore line each, and at the South end there will be a small pebbled beach of 100 m. length. The defense works of the beach are completed by two lines of breakwaters of 120 m. length with a crest at m. above the sea level. Both shells of the beach are open to the sea through two sections each 100 m. wide. The capacity of the beach should be people PRELIMINARY DESIGN ESTIMATED BUDGET The estimated total cost of the works is 36 million dollars, 29.4 million dollars for the port and its urbanization and 6.6 million dollars for the beach, including its urban works CONCLUSIONS This project covers the following purposes: - To have a new marina with a basin of sqm with enough capacity for 620 boats of (10x3.5) m, including services for boats up to 50 metres in length in the best location of the Javea Bay. - The increase in size of the urban area of Aduanas del Mar to sqm, including almost meters of commercial park and gardens, parking lots for cars and a new roadway between the North and South of the new Marina. - Most of the existing urban area will be converted into a pedestrian mall at least during the holiday season. - To improve the look of Javea Bay and its surrounding area. - To incorporate a new beach of sqm. with a capacity for more than bathers.

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