VI.3d. Note on the feeding behaviour of zooplankton

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1 VI.3d. Note on the feeding behaviour of zooplankton CLAUDE DEJOUX and ANDRÉ ILTIS Sorne knowledge of selective feeding behaviour is essential if utilization of food and competitive interactions of zooplankton are to be understood. Although it is appealing and convenient to consider herbivorous zooplankton as passive filters, there is now considerable evidence indicating that the complexity of feeding behaviour of copepods may include multiple feeding modes that can be switched on and off, an ability to adjust feeding according to biomass peaks and chemosensory selection of food partie/es. Cladocerans also appear to be selective grazers. Unfortunately. there is inadequate information to permit general predictions of the selective behaviour of zooplankton grazers in the complexity of natural waters. J. F. Haney and M. A. Trout, in a study headed "Size selective grazing by zooplankton in Lake Titicaca" (Arch. Hydrobiol., 1985,21: ) gave some precisions on the major trophic pathways for zooplankton grazers in Lake Titicaca, examined feeding activities on large (>10 fj-m) and small «10 fj-m) fractions of seston. We report here the abstract published with their results. "Feeding experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in situ using l-lcarbon labeled natural seston and '-lcarbon labeled Chlorella. Boeckella titicacae, Daphnia pulex. and Ceriodaphnia quadrangula graze selectively on small seston < 10 fj-m in Lake Titicaca. Bosmina coregoni and Boeckella occidentalis females and large copepodids preferred large seston > 10 fj-m. whereas male B. occidentalis and smail copepodids showed negative electivities for the large seston fraction. Microcyclops in Puno Bay ingest a greater portion of the > 10 fj-m seston and in Lago Grande prefer particles < 10 fj-m. Its very low collection rates suggest it is more omnivorous than the other species. At natural seston concentrations, Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia ingest a greater portion of their body weight per day than Boeckella. Food addition experiments indicate both Boeckella species would benefit more than cladocerans by a dramatic increase in small particulate, with B. occidentalis gaining the most." C. Deioux and A. /Iris (cds.). Lake Tiricaca. 2RS-2SS Killwer Academie PlIhlis//Crs. Prillled in r!je Ncr!Jcr/a/lds.

2 286 Zooplankton References of chapter VI.3 BEAUCHAMP (P. de). l'i39. 5: Rotifères et Turbellariés. In: The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to Lake Titicaca in l'i37. Trans. Linn. Soc. London. ser (1): BIRABEN (M.). 193'i. Microfauna de Rio Santiago (La Plata). Los Clad6ceros de la familia Chydoridae. Physis, 18: BRADY (G.S.), l'iu. On freshwater Entomostraca from various parts of South Africa. Ann. Natal. Mus., 2: BREHM (V.) Uber die Cladocerenfauna des Titicaca und über einige neue Fundstellen bereits bekannter Copepoden. Zool. Anz., 114 (5/6): 'i. BREHM (V.), l'i3'i. La Fauna microsc6pica dei Lago Peten. Guatemala. Ann. Esc. nae. Cime. Biol. México, 1 (2): BREHM (V.), 1'i57. Cladoceren und Calanoide. die von Hernando de Macedo in Peru gesammelt wurden. Folia Biol. Andina. Pars 2 - Zoologica. 1: BROOKS (J.L.), l'i57. The systematics of North American Daphnia. Atem. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sc., 13: BROOKS (J.L.), DODSON (S.I.), Predation. body size and composition of the plankton. Science. 150: DADAY (E.). l'i02. Mikroskopische Süsswasserthiere aus Patagonien. Tenneszet. mus., 25: DADAY (E.) Untersuchungen über die Süsswasser-Mikrofauna Paraguays. Zoologiea (Stuttgart), 18 (44): DELACHAUX (T.). l'i18. Cladocères des Andes péruviennes. Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sc. Nat., 43: EKMAN (S.), Cladoceren aus Patagonien gesammelt von der schwedischen Expedition nach Patagonien Zool. lb.(syst.). 14: FREY (D.G.), On the plurality of Chydol1ls sphaericus (O.F. Müller) (Cladocera. Chydoridae), and designation of a neotype from Sjaelso. Denmark. Hydrobiologia. 6'i (112): FREY (D.G.), Relocation of Chydol1ls barrais; and related species (Cladocera. Chydoridae) to a new genus and description of two new species. H.I'drabiologia. 86: 231-2f,9. FRONTIER (S.) Contribution à la connaissance d'un écosystème néritique tropical: étude descriptive et statistique des peuplements zooplanctoniques de la région de Nosy Bé (Madagascar). Thèse Univ. Aix Marseille: f,28 p. GRAS (R.), ILTIS (A.), LEVEQUE-DUWAT (S.), 1%7. Le plancton du bas Chari et de la partie est du Lac Tchad. Cah. ORSTOM. sér. H.I'drohiol., 1: 25-lO0. HANEY (J.F.). TROUT (M.A.) Size selective grazing hy zooplankton in Lake Titicaca. Arch. Hydrobiol., 21: HARDING (J.P.), 1'i Crustacea: Copepoda. In: The Percy Sladcn Trust Expedition to Lake Titicaca in Trans. Linn. Soc. London. ser. 3. 1: 21'i-247. HARDING (J.P.) Crustacea: Cladocera. In : The Percy Siaden Trust Expedition to Lake Titicaca in 1'i37. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 3. 1: HART (R.C.), 1'i81. Population dynamics and demography of an estuarine copepod (Psellliodiaptomus hussei) in Lake Sihaya. a subtropical freshwater coastal lake. 1. Limnol. Soc. S. Aff'., 7: INFANTE (A.). l'i82. Annual variations in abundance of zooplankton in Lake Valencia (Vcnezuela). Arch. Hydrobiol.. 'i3: 1'i KIEFER (F.) Freilebende Ruderfusskrebse (Crustacea-Copepoda) des Titicacasees. Veroff. Zool. Staatssamlll. Ml/llchen. 4: LEBLOND (R.) Quelques aspects de l'alimentation et de la sélection des proies chez Orestias ispi Lauzanne (Pisces. Cyprinodontidae) du lac Titicaca. ORSTOM. La Paz: 15 p. multigr. LEWIS (W.M.), Comparison of spatial and temporal variation in the zooplankton of a lake by means of variance components. Ecology, 5'i: f,6f,-f,71.

3 Zooplankton 287 LEWIS (W.M.). ISO'J. Zooplankton community analysis. Studies in a tropical system. Springer Verlag, New York, 163 p. LOFFLER (H.), 1'J55. Die Boeckelliden Perus. Ergebnis der Expedition Brundin und der anden - kundfahrt unter Prof. Dr. Kinzl, 1'J53-1'J54. Oslerr. Akad. Wiss. Abt. l, 164 ('J): LOUBENS (G.), Observations sur les poissons de la partie bolivienne du lac Titicaca. 4. Oreslias spp., Salmo gairdneri et problèmes d'aménagement. Rev. Hydrobiol. trop.. 22 (2): LOUBENS (G.), OSORIO (F.). 1'J88. Observations sur les poissons dc la partie bolivienne du lac Titicaca. 3. Basilichthys bonariensis (Valenciennes. 1835) (Pisces, Atherinidae). Rev. Hydrohiol. Imp.. 21 (2): MONIEZ (R.), 188'J. Sur quelques Cladocères et sur un Ostracode nouveaux du lac Titicaca. Rel'. Biol. Nord France. 1: 41'J-42'J. MORENO (E.), 1<)83. Estudio cuantitativo dei zooplancton de la zona pelâgica dei Lago Titicaca (Lago Grande). Tesis Univ. S. Agustîn, Arequipa: 'J6 p. MURRAY (J.). 1'J13 a. Notes on the Natural History of Bolivia and Peru. Scottish Oceanogr. Laborat. Edimburgh. 8 vol. MURRAY (1. l. 1<)13 h. South American Rotifera. Parts 1 & Roy. Micr. Soc" (i: 22'J-236: Il: NAUWERCK (A.). 1'J63. Dic Beziehungen zwischen Zooplankton und Phytoplankton im Sce Erken. Symb. Bot. Upsalicnscs. 17: NILSSON (J.P.) Tropical lakes - functional ecology and future development: the need for a process oricnted approach. Hvdrohiologia, 113: PAGGI (J.C). 1'J72. Nota sistemâtica acerca de algunos Clad6ceros dei género Chydoms Leach 1843 de la Républica Argentina. Physis. 31 (82): PAGGI (J.C). 197'J. Revisi6n de las cspecies argentinas dei género Bosmina Baird agrupadas en el subgénero Neohosmina Lieder (Crustacca: Cladocera). Acta Zool. Lilloana, 35: 137 1(i2. PAWLEY (A.l Ecologîa dcl zooplancton en la Bahia de Puno exterior. Univ. California. Davis - UNTA.UBCCIDA. Puno. PAWLEY (A.) Zooplankton in the Lake Titicaca ecosystem: the importance of regenerated nitrogen to phytoplancton productivity. Univ. California. Davis - UNTA.UBCCIDA. Puno. PAWLEY (A.). ALFARO (R.), Zooplankton in the Lake Titicaca ecosystem: importance of regencrated nitrogen to phytoplankton productivity. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol.. 22: PENNAK (R.W.). 1<)89. Freshwater Invertebrates: Protozoa to Mollusca. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons. New-York, (i28 p. REPELIN (R.). VARGAS (M.L.). PINTO (J.) Distribuci6n geogrâfica y estacional de la abundancia dei zooplancton en la parte boliviana dei Lago Grande dei Titicaca. In: Descripci6n dei lago Titicaca y su cuenca. Parte 2. Documento dc Pesca 005, Oldepesca, Lima: 2<) multigr. REPELIN (R.). PINTO (J.). VARGAS (M.L.), Distribuci6n y migraciones nictimerales dei zooplancton en el sector boliviano dei lago Titicaca (Lago Pequeiio). UMSA.ORSTOM. La Paz. Informe Il: 31 p" multigr. REY (J.), VASQUEZ (E.), 1<)86. Cladocères de quelques corps d'eaux du bassin moyen de l'orénoque (Vénézuela). Alli/. Lilllnol" 22 (2): RICHARD (J.). IR'J7. Entomostracés de l'amériquc du Sud recueillis par MM. U. Deiters. H von Ihering. G.W. Müller ct CO. Poppe. Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr., 10: RICHERSON (P.J.). WIDMER (C). KITTEL (T.) The limnology of Lake Titicaca (Peru-Bolivia), a large high altitude tropical lake. Univ. California, Davis, Inst. Ecology: 78 p., multigr. RICHERSON (P.J.). CARNEY (H.J.), 1'J87. Patterns of temporal variation in Lake Titicaca, a high altitude tropical lake. II. Succcssion rate and diversity of the phytoplankton. Verh. IllIel'llat. Verein. Limnol. 23:

4 288 Zooplankton SARS (G.0.) Contributions to the knowledge of the fresh-water Entomostraca of South America, as shown by artificial hatching from dried material. Part 1. Cladocera. Arch. Marh. NaruYl. B.. 23: SCOURFIELD (D.J.), The "pulex" forms of Daphllia and their separation into two distinct series represented by D. pulex (de Geer) and D. ohillsa (Kurz.). Ann. Mag. Nor. Hisr.. (II), 9: SMIRNOV (N.N.), Chydoridae of the world's fauna. Fauna of the USSR, Crustacea, 1 (2), new series, n 101, Leningrad, 531 p. (in Russian). English transi. A. Mercado, Israel Prog. Sei. TransI., STINGELIN (T.), Cladoceren aus den Gebirgen von Kolumbien. Mem. Soc. Neucharel. Sei. Nor., 5: TWOMBLy (S,), Seasonal and short term fluctuations in zooplankton abundance in tropical Lake Malawi. LilY/llol. Oceallogr., 28 (6): UENO (M.), Zooplankton of Lake Titicaca on the Bolivian side. Hrdrobiologia, 29: VALDIVIA-VILLAR (R.S.), Lista de Cladôceros dujceacuicolas dei Perû. AlIla~ollialla, Iü (3): VAUX (P,), WURTSBAUGH (W.A.), TREVINO (H.), MARINO (L.), BUSTAMANTE (E.). TORRES (J.). RICHERSON (P.J.), ALFARO (R.), Ecology of the pelagie fishcs of Lake Titicaca, Peru-Bolivia. Biorropica, 20 (3): VAVRA (W.), Süsswasscr-Cladoceren. Ergehn. Hamhurg. Maglllh. Sammel.. 5: VINCENT (W.F.), WURTSBAUGH (W.A.), VINCENT (C.L.), RICHERSON (P.J,), Seasonal dynamics of nutrient limitation in a tropical high-altitude lake (Lake Titicaca, Peru Bolivia): application of physiological bioassays. Limllol. Oceallogr.. 29:

5 c. DEJOUX and A. ILTIS / Editors a e I Icaca A Synth si af -m I gieal d

6 Lake Titicaca A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge Edited by C. DEJOUX and A. ILTIS KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON

7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lake Tltlcaca a synthosls of 1 'm~ologlcal knowledge / edlted by C. Dejoux and A. IltlS. p. crr.. -- (Monograph'.ae blologlcae ; v. 68) Includes lndexes. ISBN (HB alk. paper1 1. Limnology--Tltlcaca Lake (Peru and Bol,v1a) 2. Aquatlc resources--titlcaca Lake (Peru and Bol 1V1al 1. DeJoux. Claude. II. Iltls, A. III. Ser1es. QP1.P37 vol. 68 (QH128] 574 s--dc20 [57~ J ISBN Published by Kluwer Academie Publishers, P.O. Box AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academie Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff. Dr W. lunk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academie Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell. MA U.S.A. In ail other countries. sold and distributed by Kluwer Academie Publishers Group. P.O. Box AH Dordrecht. The Netherlands. Printed 011 acid-free paper Ail Rights Reserved 19<J2 Kluwer Academie Publishers No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical. including photocopying. recording or by any information storage and rctrieval system. without written p<:rmission from the copyright owner. Printed in the Netherlands