Here today, gone tomorrow? Results and outcomes of 3-yearly pest control in the Tararua Ranges

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1 Here today, gone tomorrow? Results and outcomes of 3-yearly pest control in the Tararua Ranges Mandy Barron, Caroline Thompson & Peter Sweetapple (LCR Lincoln) James Griffiths (DOC Wgtn)

2 Rationale for pest control Desired outcome = improved state of indigenous biodiversity On-going effort required due to pest population recovery (time) Spatial extent of pest control and its benefits (space)

3 Pest population recovery Re-invasion, In situ breeding, or both? How quickly? Photo: Morgan Coleman

4 Benefits of pest control over time Non treatment 1080 treatment Rats Tree weta - Higher numbers of tree weta in the mid-term <3 years. - Window of relief from predation **** No negative impact within 3 years *** Ruscoe et al Conserv. Biol.

5 Spatial extent of pest control applied

6 Spatial extent of pest control Core effect

7 Spatial extent of pest control applied

8 Spatial extent of pest control Halo effect

9 Project Kaka DOC initiative Large scale control ha Tararua Forest Park 3-yearly aerial 1080 s done: Nov 2010 Nov 2013 Image:

10 Department of Conservation monitoring: Possums, rats, stoats, birds & vegetation Tmt/non-tmt In situ pest response

11 Department of Conservation monitoring: Possums, rats, stoats, birds & vegetation Tmt/non-tmt In situ pest response LCR monitoring: Same as DOC, -birds, +inverts. Across boundary spatial extent of pest control outputs and biodiversity outcomes

12

13

14 Monitoring lines No Pest Pest Area m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m 0 m 500 m 1000 m Wax tag line (200 m) Tracking tunnel line (500 m) 5 Pitfall traps Weta hotel Kamahi, toro and rimu trees

15 Wax tags: possums, rats Photo: Caroline Thomson, LCR Photo: Nga Manu Images

16 Tracking tunnels: stoats, rats, weta Photo: Andrea Byrom, LCR Photo: Caroline Thomson, LCR Photo: Nga Manu Images

17 Weta hotels Photos: Caroline Thomson, LCR

18 Pitfalls: invertebrates Photos: Caroline Thomson, LCR

19 Litterfall traps: leaves, fruit, weta and stick insect frass Photo: Caroline Thomson, LCR

20 FBI: tree canopy condition and browse Photo: Hannah Windley, ANU

21

22 Possums waxtag Bite Mark Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

23 Possums waxtag Bite Mark Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

24 Possums waxtag Bite Mark Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

25 Possums waxtag Bite Mark Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

26 Possums waxtag Bite Mark Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

27 Kamahi trees Possum Browse Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

28 Kamahi trees Possum Browse Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

29 Kamahi trees Possum Browse Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

30 Kamahi trees Possum Browse Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

31 Kamahi trees Possum Browse Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

32 Ship rats Tracking tunnel Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

33 Ship rats Tracking tunnel Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

34 Ship rats Tracking tunnel Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

35 Ship rats Tracking tunnel Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

36 Ship rats Tracking tunnel Index m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

37 Frass drop method Wellington tree weta frass, Hemideina crassidens Stick insect (Plastmatodea)frass

38 General patterns

39 Stick insects Frass fall weight m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

40 Stick insects Frass fall weight m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

41 Stick insects Frass fall weight m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

42 Stick insects Frass fall weight m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

43 Tree weta Frass fall weight m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

44 Tree weta Frass fall weight m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

45 Tree weta Frass fall weight m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

46 Tree weta Frass fall weight m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

47 Stick insect frass weight (g) Stick insect frass vs. rats TTI rats

48 Tree weta frass weight (g) Tree weta frass vs. rats TTI rats

49 Pros and cons of frass method Activity dependent - but doesn t rely on interaction with device Left out for long period so smooths over temporal variability in activity Don t need weathering-in period (c.f. weta hotels) Not readily saturated (c.f. weta hotels)

50 Pros and cons of frass method More processing and technical ability required (c.f. tracking tunnels) Sensitive to predator abundance Can monitor multiple species with one device (as well as seed and litter fall) Relationship with true abundance???

51 Ground weta pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

52 Ground weta pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

53 Ground weta pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

54 Ground weta pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

55 Ground weta pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

56 Beetles pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

57 Beetles pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

58 Beetles pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

59 Beetles pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

60 Beetles pitfall trap-nights m m 0 m 1000 m 2000 m No control

61 Ground weta per pitfall trap-night Ground weta vs rats TTI rats

62 Beetles per pitfall trap-night Beetles vs rats TTI rats

63 Large-scale patterns

64 Conclusions Core effect for rat suppression and their impacts on biodiversity Rapid recovery of rat numbers augmented by reinvasion Not just proximity, accessibility (thoroughfares) and desirability (resources) also? Photo: Caroline Thomson

65 Implications To provide adequate window of relief (> 2 yrs) from rat predation requires: of larger area (so more core area protected) Prevention of re-invasion (topographical barriers, intensive buffer control) Conditional on high initial % kill in control zone Cost-effectiveness of different strategies?

66 Thanks! Funding: MBIE, Invasive Mammal Impacts programme Field techs: Caroline Thomson, Mike Perry, Dean Clarke, Morgan Coleman, Grant Morriss, Steve Hough, Roger Carran (LCR) Roland Mapp, Nyree Fea, Marcus Bridge, Jason Pari, Karl McCarthy, Chris Brausch, Simon Whitford, Pete Thomas (contractors) Project Kaka DOC: James Griffiths, Jack Mace, David Carlton IMI LCR: Roger Pech, Wendy Ruscoe, Andrea Byrom, Pen Holland

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