Bugging Around: An Overview of the Kruger Malaise Program

Transcription

1 Bugging Around: An Overview of the Kruger Malaise Program R. D. Rattray1, M. D Souza2, M. van der Bank1 and P. D. N. Hebert2 1 The African Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Botany & Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524 Auckland Park, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

2 Introduction

3 Introduction Hellmann et al., (2017) Insect Respect, (2018) Drizo, (2014) Future Timeline.Net, (2018) Brown et al., (2016)

4 Global Malaise Program (GMP)

5 GMP Project Outline The Global Malaise Program (GMP) is an collaboration between the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (CGB) and international contributors representing 63 sampling sites across 40 countries across the world. 1 First step in gathering both temporal and spatial information on terrestrial arthropod communities worldwide. 2 3 To date, over 1M samples have been sequenced through CGB, representing 118K species. The combination of DNA barcoding with passive sampling such as the Malaise traps has proven to be cost effective and time efficient. 4 Thus proving to be a great method as a whole, for biodiversity monitoring globally.

6 Global Malaise Program (GMP) Participating Countries

7 GMP - Current Progress

8 GMP - Number of Barcodes Generated

9 GMP - Barcodes and BINs Generated

10 Insect Diversity in Africa Shortage of data on African insect species richness. 100,000 species have been described from sub-saharan Africa approximately 44% = South Africa. Estimates vary widely, figures are possibly 2- or 6- times greater than known species richness. Urgent need to obtain a detailed baseline on broader insect communities.

11 Kruger Malaise Program (KMP) Map from Chadwick et al., (2013)

12 KMP - Aims & Objectives The KMP aims to examine pattern of variation in the species diversity and biomass of arthropod communities in the Kruger Park through by coupling a year-long sampling program with subsequent DNA barcode analysis of the specimens. 1 To show that DNA barcoding can enable rapid, low-cost evaluations of the species composition of arthropod communities in National Parks. 2 3 To quantify seasonal and spatial patterns of variation in arthropod biomass in Kruger National Park. To provide baseline data on arthropod community structure and species diversity in Kruger National Park to evaluate future changes. 4 To provide detailed information on species distributions to help South Africa meet its reporting obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity.

13 KMP - Deployment/Execution K

14 KMP - Execution

15 KMP - First Collection: July 2018

16 KMP - First Collection: July 2018 Pafuri Section Ranger s Premises Return Africa - Pafuri Camp (Maluleke Region)

17 KMP - First Collection: July 2018

18 KMP - Sample Prep

19 KMP - Sample Process Workflow

20 KMP - Results Table 1: Samples from 24 Malaise traps in Kruger National Park (KNP) collected July 2018 Figure 1: Location of the 26 Malaise traps monitoring 22 sections across 11 of the 15 vegetation types of the Kruger National Park.

21 KMP - Results Figure 2: Range in samples collected and currently only every second week samples are being processed. Samples not being processed shown in lighter colour.

22 KMP - Results Figure 3: Sequencing success of the 2280 test specimens 95 specimens per trap from 24 trap across 21 sites collected in the first batch of samples in the Kruger National Park. The four traps at Skukuza averaged 75%. Figure 4: Total sequence success of the 2280 test specimens in the first batch of samples collected from the Kruger National Park.

23 KMP - Results i ii iv iii v Figure 5: The proportion of OTUs in a family (bars, left axis), and total number of families (points, right axis) across different arthropod orders collected in the first batch of samples in the Kruger National Park. Cecidomyiidae (i, 56 OTUs), Ceratopogonidae (ii, 49 OTUs), Cicadellidae (iii, 48 OTUs), Chironomidae (iv, 44 OTUs), and Platygastridae (v, 37 OTUs) were the five families with the most OTUs.

24 KMP - Results Figure 6: The number of arthropod specimens with OTUs (black circles, top axis), total OTUs (solid bars, bottom axis) and unique OTUs (faded bars, bottom axis) in each of 24 traps across 21 sites collected in the first batch of samples in the Kruger National Park.

25 KMP - Results: Summary Overall, the sequencing success rate indicates that samples are being collected appropriately with minimal specimen and DNA degradation during transport. With only 2280 specimens sequenced, high diversity (768 OTUs) has been uncovered indicating both significant diversity in Kruger National Park as well as variation in diversity across traps in the park. The processing of every two week samples shall further add to this diversity while also providing insights into the seasonal variation of the arthropod species across the park.

26 KNP - Future Plans October 2018 February 2019 May 2019 The project will provide SANParks with a detailed inventory of the arthropod species found in Kruger National Park. These data will provide an invaluable baseline for monitoring future change.

27 Acknowledgements Thank you! Partnering Institutions: Presentation Platform:

28 Queries? For more information, please contact: Michelle D Souza Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph mdsouza@uoguelph.ca