Further chromosome studies on the flora of Sakhalin and the Kurils, with additions from adjacent regions of the Russian Far East

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1 Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation (2): DOI: /bp Further chromosome studies on the flora of Sakhalin and the Kurils, with additions from adjacent regions of the Russian Far East Nina S. Probatova 1*, Denis A. Krivenko 2.3 & Vyacheslav Yu. Barkalov 1 Nina S. Probatova 1 * probatova@ibss.dvo.ru Denis A. Krivenko 2,3 krivenko.irk@gmail.com Vyacheslav Yu. Barkalov 1 barkalov@ibss.dvo.ru 1 Federal Scientific Center for the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia 2 Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 3 Irkutsk Scientific Center SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia * corresponding author Manuscript received: Review completed: Accepted for publication: Published online: ABSTRACT The chromosome numbers (2n) for 38 species and one hybrid (35 genera) from Sakhalin, the Kurils, Khabarovskii Krai, Primorskii Krai and Kamchatskii Krai are presented. For the first time they are revealed in two endemic species Ligularia sachalinensis Nakai and Pentactina schlothauerae (Ignatov et Worosch.) V. Yakubov. New cytotype is found in Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu. A group of alien species, anthropophytes, were studied from Sakhalin and some other regions of the Russian Far East (RFE). For 6 alien taxa: Chenopodium strictum Roth, Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., Lupinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims, Medicago varia Martyn, Vicia sepium L., V. tenuifolia Roth, as well as for the indigenous Epilobium fauriei H. Lév. the chromosome numbers are revealed for the first time in the RFE. From Sakhalin the following species were first studied karyologically: Epilobium hornemannii Rchb., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Trifolium pratense L., Veronica schmidtiana Regel, from Moneron Isl. Sagina crassicaulis S. Watson, from the Kurils Aquilegia flabellata Siebold et Zucc., Epilobium amurense Hausskn., Luzula pallescens Sw., Trifolium pratense, from Khabarovskii Krai Clintonia udensis Trautv. et C.A. Mey., and from Kamchatskii Krai Vicia cracca L., Elymus sibiricus L., Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., Berteroa incana (L.) DC. The chromosome number data are accompanied with the information on ecology and phytogeography of the species studied. Keywords: chromosome numbers, vascular plants, flora, Sakhalin, the Kurils, Khabarovskii Krai, Primorskii Krai, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Far East РЕЗЮМЕ Пробатова Н.С., Кривенко Д.А., Баркалов В.Ю. Дальнейшее изучение чисел хромосом флоры Сахалина и Курильских островов, с дополнениями из других районов Дальнего Востока России. Приводятся числа хромосом (2n) для 38 видов и 1 гибрида (35 родов) с Сахалина, Курильс ких островов, из Хабаровского, Приморского и Камчатского краев. Впервые в науке исследованы эндемичные виды Ligularia sachalinensis Nakai и Pentactina schlothauerae (Ignatov et Worosch.) V. Yakubov. Новое (неизвестное ранее) число хромосом установлено у Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu. Исследована группа антропофильных видов, занесенных на Сахалин или в другие районы Российского Дальнего Востока (РДВ) в последнее время. Для 6 адвентивных таксонов: Chenopodium strictum Roth, Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., Lupinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims, Medicago varia Martyn, Vicia sepium L., V. tenuifolia Roth, а из индигенных у Epilobium fauriei H. Lév. числа хромосом на РДВ определены впервые. На материале с Сахалина впервые исследованы числа хромосом у Epilobium hornemannii Rchb., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Trifolium pratense L., Veronica schmidtiana Regel, а с Монерона у Sagina crassicaulis S. Watson; впервые для Курил у Aquilegia flabellata Siebold et Zucc., Epilobium amurense, Luzula pallescens Sw., Trifolium pratense; впервые для Хабаровского края у Clintonia udensis Trautv. et C.A. Mey., а для Камчатки у Vicia cracca L., Elymus sibiricus L., Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Данные по числам хромосом сопровождаются сведениями об экологии и ареалах исследованных растений. Ключевые слова: числа хромосом, сосудистые растения, флора, Сахалин, Курильские острова, Хабаровский край, Приморский край, полуостров Камчатка, российский Дальний Восток Here we present further results on chromosome number (CN) study of the vascular flora of Sakhalin and the Kurils, with few additions from Khabarovskii Krai (the Amur River basin), Kamchatskii Krai and Primorskii Krai. Chromosome countings in some species were made on squashed preparations of root tips fixed with Carnoy s solution. The root tips were taken from living plants or from seedlings obtained through herbarium specimens, which Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS were collected in the field. Preparations were stained with iron hematoxylin. Voucher specimens are preserved in the Herbarium VLA, Vladivostok (some in IRK, Irkutsk; duplicates in LE, St. Petersburg; MHA, Moscow; MW, Moscow; STU, Stuttgart; UUH, Ulan-Ude). First CN data are indicated by asterisk (*).The adventive species indicated by plus sign (+). The number of the dot on the map follows the number of voucher specimen. Brief information on the 69

2 Probatova et al. affinity, ecology and distribution of the species studied are presented. ASTERACEAE Arnica sachalinensis A. Gray, 2n = 30 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Dolinskii Raion, the spur of Yuzh no-kamyshovyi Range, sandy-lime hill 700 m on the way from the route R 489, sandy-lime roadside, 22 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12944: 1 (IRK, VLA). Distribution: Sakhalin; Japan. Meadows. Described from Sakhalin. Before its CN was stu died in the RFE only once, from Korsakovskii Raion (South Sa khalin): 2n = 30. Diploid (2x), x = 15. For another species of the RFE flora, the North Pacific A. unalaschcensis Less., there are se veral CN counts, from the Kurils 2n = 38 (x = 19). The genus Arnica is polybasic. *Ligularia sachalinensis Nakai (L. fischeri auct., quoad pl. sachal.), 2n = 60 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Makarovskii Raion, in vicinity of the railway station Pugachevo, on the way to Maguntan mud vol cano, swampy forest, 15 Sep 1982, coll. N.S. Probatova, V.P. Se ledets, E.G. Rudyka 6329: 2 (VLA). At first this specimen was referred to L. fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz. (Probatova et al. 2007), to which L. sachalinensis re mained incorporated for a long time among other syno nyms, but in 2010 the plant was re -identified by Illario no va (2013) as L. sachalinensis. Described from Sakhalin. L. sachalinensis differs from L. fischeri morpholo gically and is geographically isolated. Distributed along the coast of the Sea of Japan, East macroslope of Sikhote-Alin Range, and in Sakhalin. Probably, endemic. Among shrubs, coniferous and deciduous forests, meadows. Hexaploid (6x), x = 10. +Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) F.W. Schultz et Sch. Bip., 2n = 36 Bio logy FEB RAS, meadow, 20 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12943: 3 (IRK, LE, MHA, MW, STU, VLA, UUH). Distribution: European-Me diterranean. Adventive in the RFE, this agressive species widely spread in Sakhalin. This is the third CN count from Sakhalin. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. BRASSICACEAE +Berteroa incana (L.) DC., 2n = 16 Russia, Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Mil kov skii Raion, the basin of Kamchatka Ri ver, Mil kovo settlement, waste place near the ca feteria Taezhnoe, 10 Sep 2016, coll. O.A. Cher nyagina 13176: 4 (VLA). Distribution: Europe, Siberia. Alien in the RFE. Roadsides, waste places. Its CN was studied in Sakhalin and Primorskii Krai (Probatova, Barkalov et al. 2012, Probatova 2014). First CN count from Kam chatka. Diploid (2x), x = 8. +Lepidium ruderale L., 2n = 16 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, the railway station Matrossovo, the route R 487, near Matrossovo Figure 1 Study area. Dots with numbers from 1 to 30 are the sampling plot locations (according to numbering in the text) settlement, on the rubbly embankment, 23 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12939: 5 (IRK, VLA). Distribution: Europe, Central Asia. Alien in the RFE and elsewhere. Weedy plant. There are two cytotypes within L. ruderale 2x and 4x: before in Sakhalin it was studied once 2n = 32 (4x), but in the Primorskii Krai only plants with 2n = 16 (2x) were revealed. Now in Sakhalin the diploid cytotype is found, too. Variable ploidy. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern, 2n = 24 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Schmidt Peninsula, the Taliki River, on the rubbly-melkozem slope, at the rocks, 14 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11538: 6 (VLA). Holarctic. On slide-rocks. This CN count is the third from Sakhalin and the second from Schmidt Peninsula, the CN was the same. However in the abundant literature 2n = 48 is also often reported. Variable ploidy. Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn., 2n = 24 Biology FEB RAS, forb-grass meadow, 20 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12940: 3 (IRK, LE, VLA). Eurasian (?), but alien in many regions, including Sakhalin. Common species in the RFE. Meadows, roadsides, sometimes as a weed. Second CN count from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x = 12. Sagina crassicaulis S. Watson, 2n = 22 Russia, Far East, Sakhalinskaya Oblast, Moneron Isl., near the former settlement Staritskii, sandy-pebbly seacoast, in vicinity of the waterfall, 23 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Bar ka lov 11539: 7 (VLA). North Pacific. Seacoasts, on screes and in supralittoral zone. The CN of the species was stu died from three islands of the Kurils: 2n = 22 (Probatova et al. 2006, Probatova, Barkalov et al. 2012), and this is the first CN 70 Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation (2): 69 75

3 Chromosome studies on the flora of Sakhalin, the Kurils and surroundings count from Moneron Isl. Diploid (2x) in the RFE, x = 11. However in the North America 2n = 44, 46, 66 were registered, thus the West Pacific part of the species area might be considered as more ancient (Probatova, Barkalov et al. 2012). +Stellaria media (L.) Vill., 2n = 22 Biology FEB RAS, near the habitation, 20 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12937: 3 (IRK, LE, VLA). Europe. Alien in the RFE. Agressive weed. First CN count from Sakhalin. In the Kurils we found 2n = 42 in S. media (Probatova et al. 2007), it might be most likely 2n = 44, as this was counted in Irkutskaya Oblast, the Baikal Siberia (Probatova, Kazanovsky et al. 2012). The diploid cytotype (2n = 22 ) is rare; we revealed it in Krasnodarskii Krai (Probatova, Seledets et al. 2012). Perhaps the species penetrates into Sakhalin and the Kurils by different cytotypes and different ways. Variable ploidy. Stellaria is a polybasic genus. CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex subcordata Kitag., 2n = 36 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinskii Raion, near Due settlement, sandy bank of the rivulet on sea coast, 7 Sep 2009, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11493: 8 (VLA). West Pacific coastal (supralittoral) species. Second CN count from Sakhalin. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. +Chenopodium strictum Roth, 2n = 36 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, Zapadno- Sakhalinskie Mts., Kamyshovyi Range, Poronajskaya chain of mountains, the route R 487; 2 km SW of Matrossovo settlement, the right riverside of the Matrossovka River, sandy-pebbly bank, 21 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12935: 5 (IRK, VLA). Distribution: South-East Europe, South-West and Central Asia, naturalized elsewhere, including South Siberia, North-East China, Korea, Japan and North America. The species was collected for the first time in Sakhalin. First CN count in the RFE. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. CONVALLARIACEAE Clintonia udensis Trautv. et C.A. Mey., 2n = 14 Russia, Far East, Khabarovskii Krai, the national park Anjuyskii, middle course of the Anjuy River, right riverside, S spurs of Kedrovaya Mt., opposite the mouth of Mani River, broadleaved forest with Pinus koraiensis, 3 Aug 2014, coll. M.V. Krjukova 12678: 9 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Primorskii Krai, Dal negorskii Raion, 2 km W of Dal negorsk town, locality Svetlyi Kljuch, on stony ground, 22 Sep 2014, coll. V.T. Lapenko 12693: 10 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Primorskii Krai, Lazovskii Raion, South Sikhote-Alin Range, the pass at Lazovskkaya Mt., NNW macroslope of Lazovskaya Mt. above the pass, 1248 m, Picea forest with Abies and green mosses, 1 Oct 2017, coll. O.A. Chernyagina 13167: 11 (VLA). Distribution: Okhotia Amur River basin Sakhalin Japan. Forest species. In continental part of the RFE this species proved to be diploid: 2x (x = 7), as it was revealed several times on the material from Primorskii Krai and once from Amurskaya Oblast. Here is the first CN count from Khavbarovskii Krai. However from Sakhalin and from Japan the tetraploid CN 2n = 28 is known, and from China both cytotypes were reported (Probatova et al. 2007, Nishikawa 2008, Probatova, Kozhevnikova et al. 2009, Probatova 2014, Probatova et al. 2014). The existence of diploid cytotype in the continental part of the RFE manifests the ancient part of the species area. FABACEAE Astragalus schelichowii Turcz., 2n = 16 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Smirnykhovskii Raion, Vostoch no-sakhalinskie Mts., the canyon Izvestkovyi, near the lime-pit at the confluent of the Smuglianka River, stony mossy slope, 21 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 13134: 12 (IRK, MHA, VLA). Fig. 2a. Distribution: East Siberia to North America. On riverbanks. Common species in the RFE. This is the second CN count from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x = 8. Lathyrus japonicus Willd., 2n = 14 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, the Sea of Okhotsk, Terpenya Bay, sandy seashore, 22 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko (45470): 13 (IRK). Fig. 2b. North Pacific coastal (supralittoral) species. This is the third CN count from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x =7. +Lupinus nootkatensis Donn ex Sims, 2n = 48 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Makarovskii Raion, the Sea of Okhotsk, Terpenya Bay, N of Makarov town by the highway, on the slope of the road, 22 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Kri ven ko (45474): 14 (IRK). Distribution: North America. This cultivated plant escaped from the culture in South Sakhalin and in South Kurils. This is the first CN count from RFE. Hexaploid (6x), x = 8. +Medicago varia Martyn (M. falcata L. M. sativa L.), 2n = 32 Russia, Far East, Khabarovskii Krai, Komsomol sk-na- Amure City, near the railway station, ruderal plant community, 16 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko (45600): 15 (IRK). Fig. 2c. The hybrid is widely cultivated in European Russia; it was reported from East Europe and Kazakhstan, and in the last years it became rather common also in South Siberia. Before this hybrid under its name was not reported for the RFE. Tetraploid (4x), x = 8. +Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., 2n = 16 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Smirnykhovskii Raion, Vostoch no-sakhalinskie Mts., near the canyon Izvestkovyi, exhaus ted lime-pit in the confluent of the Smuglianka River, on the place of the open-cast mine rock, 21 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Kri venko (45469): 12 (IRK). Fig. 2d. Distribution: Europe to Central Asia, adventive in many countries and regions including the RFE, where it is rare. This is the first CN count for this genus from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x = 8. Thermopsis lupinoides Link, 2n = 18 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, Zapadno- Sa kha linskie Mts., Kamyshovyi Range, Poronajskaya chain Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation (2):

4 Probatova et al. Figure 2 Mitotic metaphases: a Astragalus schelichowii, 2n = 16; b Lathyrus japonicus, 2n = 14; c Medicago varia, 2n = 32; d Melilotus officinalis 2n = 16; e Thermopsis lupinoides, 2n = 18; f Trifolium pratense, 2n = 14; g Vicia sepium, 2n = 14; h Vicia tenuifolia, 2n = 12, M (marked by arrow) metacentric chromosomes, SAT (marked by arrow) SAT-chromosomes. Scale bar 10 μm of mountains, the route R 487, near Matrossovo settlement, the railway station Matrossovo, on the broken stones of the railroad embankment, 23 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko (45463): 5 (IRK, MHA, VLA). Fig. 2e. West Pacific coastal (meadow) species. This is the second CN count for the species from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x = 9. +Trifolium pratense L., 2n = 14 Bio logy FEB RAS, forb meadow (Ranunculus, Trifolium, Rumex), 20 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko (45475): 3 (IRK, MHA, VLA). Fig. 2f. Distribution: Europe Caucasus Central Asia, indroduced and escaped from the culture in many countries and regions, including the RFE, where it is very common, often naturalized. However its CN was not counted from Sakhalin and the Kurils before. Diploid (2x), x = 7. Vicia cracca L., 2n = 14 Russia, Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Yelizovskii Raion, suburbs of Yelizovo town, airport, on the fence, 24 Sep 2017, coll. O.A. Chernyagina 13175: 16 (VLA). Holarctic. Forest edges, meadows. In geographical area of this spe cies the diploids (2n = 14) prevail. The tetraploid cytotype occurs in Europe and Caucasus (Stankevich & Repjev 1999), but not in the RFE. The CN of the species was counted in RFE (2n = 14) mostly in Primorskii Krai (see Pro batova 2014), and by ones from the Lower Amur River and Sakhalin (Probatova et al. 2007). From Kamchatka the species was studied for the first time. Diploid (in the RFE) (2x), x = 7; on the whole variable ploidy. +Vicia sepium L., 2n = 14 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, the Sea of Okhotsk, Terpenya Bay, sandy seashore, 22 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko (45473): 13 (IRK). Fig. 2g. Distribution: Europe to South Asia, alien elsewhere, including the RFE. Rare species in Sakhalin. First CN count from Sakhalin. Diploid (2x), x = 7. +Vicia tenuifolia Roth, 2n = 12 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Poronajskii Raion, the Sea of Okhotsk, Terpenya Bay, sandy seashore, 22 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko (45468): 13 (IRK). Fig. 2h. Distri bution: Europe, Caucasus, Central and South-East Asia; South Siberia (alien). Also alien in the RFE. First report of the species from the RFE. This species has some resem blance with V. cracca, moreover, their areas of distribution partly overlap. Nevertheless they are not closely related species. The effective feature for delimitation of these species is the structure of beans: in V. tenuifolia the beans are thick-walled, spongy inside; in V. cracca the beans are thinskinned, without sponginess. Also they differ by basic CNs: x = 6 in V. tenuifolia, and x = 7 in V. cracca. Both species are represented by two cytotypes: diploid and tetraploid ones: V. cracca 2n = 14, 28; V. tenuifolia 2n = 12, 24 (Nikifo ro va 1988, Stankevich & Repjev 1999). Additionally, the karyotype morphology might be useful for delimitation: in V. tenuifolia the large metacentric chromosomes (M) are present, while in V. cracca all chromosomes are subacrocentric (Sa). The satellite in SAT-chromosome of V. tenuifolia is equal to the short shoulder of its chromosome, while in V. cracca the satellite is 3 times larger than the short shoulder of its chromosome (Stankevich & Repjev 1999). As we consider, all the reports of 2n = 12 and 2n = 24 for 72 Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation (2): 69 75

5 Chromosome studies on the flora of Sakhalin, the Kurils and surroundings Vicia cracca must be referred to Vicia tenuifolia, including that from Zabaikal skii Krai, near Chita city (Krivenko et al. 2013). Before V. tenuifolia has been missing in the floras of Sakhalin and the Kurils, though it was reported from these islands by Hara (1952 cit. by Stankevich & Repjev 1999). First CN count in the RFE. Diploid (in the RFE?): 2x (x = 6), on the whole variable ploidy. JUNCACEAE Luzula pallescens Sw., 2n = 12 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., Bezymjan naya Bay, near Nepokornyi Cape, the sedge-forb little bog on the stream valley, 24 Jul 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11778: 17 (VLA). Distribution: Eurasia. Meadows, clearings, san dy riverbanks, roadsides. Its CN was not studied before from Sakhalin and the Kurils. First CN count from Sakhalin. The same CN 2n = 12 we revealed from Khabarovskii Krai (Lower Amur River basin). Diploid (2x), x = 6. LAMIACEAE +Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., 2n = 18 Russia, Far East, Primorskii Krai, Nadezhdinskii Raion, in vicinity of the railway station Nadezhdinskaya, the valley of Sсhmidtovka River, in the valley forest (Alnus, Salix, Padus), 9 Sep 2017, coll. V.A. Nechaev 13148: 18 (VLA). Dist ribution: Europe, Caucasus, South Siberia. Alien in the RFE, but rare (in the south of Primorskii Krai). First CN count from the RFE. Diploid (2x), x = 9. ONAGRACEAE Epilobium amurense Hausskn., 2n = 36 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., near Ma lokuril skoe settlement, Trezubets Cape, in the canyon, on the moist melkozem screes at the bottom of the rocks, 5 Aug 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11749: 19 (VLA). Distributed in Sakhalin, in the Kurils and in Japan. Mainly West Pacific. Riverbanks. Its CN was studied before from Moneron Isl. (Probatova et al. 2007). Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. Epilobium fauriei H. Lév., 2n = 36 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., the upper course of Gorobets River, on the clay slope of the old road, 30 Jul 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11779: 20 (VLA). Distribution: East Kamchatka (?), South Kurils, Japan. Moist ground, pebbles and rocks. First CN count from the RFE. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. Epilobium hornemannii Rchb., 2n = 36 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Schmidt Peninsula, the Nala River SW of Elizavety Cape, among tall herbs, 8 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11541: 21 (VLA). Distribution: West Pacific. Swampy-sandbank species. First CN count from Sakha lin. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. POACEAE +Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., 2n = 28 Russia, Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Bystrinskii Raion, Esso settlement, moist meadow at the road, near the pond with thermal water, 22 Aug 2017, coll. O.A. Chernyagi na 13169: 22 (VLA). Distribution: Euro-Mediterranean Central Asian species, adventive or introduced in RFE and in other temperate regions and countries. First CN count from Kamchatka. Tetraploid (4x), x = 7. Deschampsia paramushirensis Honda, 2n = 26 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Schmidt Peninsula, the Taliki Ri ver, freshwater lake, on the lakeside, 14 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 8590: 6 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Schmidt Peninsula, the Bol shaya Longri River, riverside, sandy-uliginous bank, 16 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 8595: 23 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Ekhabi Bay, SE of Vostochnyi settlement, the lakeside of the brackish lake, 3 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 8603, 8604: 24 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Pil tun Bay, between Lebjazhje and Gniloe lakes, the lakeside of the nameless lake on the seacoast, 4 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 8598: 25 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Pil tun Bay, S extremity of the bay, waterlogged seacoast, 18 Aug 2001, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 8594: 26 (VLA). West Pacific coastal (sandbank-swampy) species, common in the North Sakhalin. Several CN counts from RFE (Probatova, Seledets et al. 2014, 2015). Diploid (2x), x = 13. Elymus sibiricus L., 2n = 28 Russia, Far East, Kamchatka Peninsula, Bystrinskii Raion, Esso settlement, at the roadside, 25 Aug 2017, coll. O.A. Chernyagina 13192: 22 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Sakha lin, Smirnykhovskii Raion, Vostochno-Sakhalinskie Mts., near the canyon Izvestkovyi, the former lime-pit at the confluent of the Smuglianka River, on the place of the open-cast mine, 21 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12992: 12 (IRK, VLA). East European West American slide-rocks species. Two CN counts from Sakhalin, as many from the Kurils. First CN count from Kamchatka. Tetraploid (4x), x = 7. Festuca ovina L., 2n = 14 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Korsakovskii Raion, Tonino- Anivskii Peninsula, W coast, on the seacoast and along the rivulet, often, 15 Aug 2015, coll. V.V. Yakubov 12828: 27 (VLA); Russia, Far East, Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., near Malokuril skoe settlement, Trezubets Cape, stony slope, in the canyon, 5 Aug 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11709: 19 (VLA). Holarctic. Dry meadows, forest edges, light pine forests, sands and pebbles. Two CN counts from Sakhalin and three from South Kurils. Multiple CN counts in the Russian Far East and elsewhere. Diploid (2x), x = 7. Poa radula Franch. et Sav., 2n = 42 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., Bezymjan naya Bay, near Nepokornyi Cape, among tall herbs on the moist stony slope, at the rocks, 24 Jul 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11705: 17 (VLA). West Pacific (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kurils, Japan) species. Forest edges and meadows (tall herbs). There were four CN counts from Sakhalin, and three from the Kurils. The CN is constant, as it is characteristic for the species of section Homalopoa. Hexaploid (6x), x = 7. Botanica Pacifica. A journal of plant science and conservation (2):

6 Probatova et al. Puccinellia kurilensis (Takeda) Honda, 2n = 42 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., Bezymjan naya Bay, at Nepokornyi Cape, on coastal rocks, in overwash zone, 25 Jul 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11706: 17 (VLA). North Pacific coastal (sandbank-swampy) species. Two CN counts from Sakhalin and three from the Kurils were made before. The CN is constant. Hexaploid (6x), x = 7. POLYGONACEAE +Rumex obtusifolius L., 2n = 40 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Dolinskii Raion, Sokol set tlement, Biology FEB RAS, meadow (Ranunculus, Trifolium, Rumex), 20 Sep 2015, coll. D.A. Krivenko 12942: 3 (IRK, VLA). Euro-Mediterranean species, adventive in the RFE as well as in many regions of the globe. Its CN was studied once from Sakhalin and once from the Kurils. Tetraploid (4x), x = 10. PRIMULACEAE Primula fauriei Franch., 2n = 18 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., the slope of Shikotan Mt., short herbs meadow, often, 20 Jul 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11760: 28 (VLA). Distribution: South Kurils, Japan. Rocky and meadow species. Three CN counts were made before from the Kurils and one from Moneron Isl. (near the southern extremity of Sakhalin). Diploid (2x), x = 9. RANUNCULACEAE Aquilegia flabellata Siebold et Zucc., 2n = 14 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., near Ma lo ku ril skoe settlement, Trezubets Cape, stony slope, in the canyon, 5 Aug 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11712: 19 (VLA). Distribution: Sakhalin South Kurils Japan. Rocky places. The species was studied once from Sakhalin as well as from Moneron Isl. This is the first CN count from the Kurils. Diploid (2x), x = 7. ROSACEAE *Pentactina schlothauerae (Ignatov et Worosch.) V. Yakubov, 2n = 36 Russia, Far East, Khabarovskii Krai, Verkhnebureinskii Raion, Badzhal skii Range, the mouth of Bugar River right affluent of the Yarap River in its middle course, ri verside rocks, 14 Aug 2016, V.Yu. Barkalov 13124: 29 (VLA). Dist ribution: the upper course of the Amgun River basin, en demic of Badzhal skii and Kur-Urmiyskii ranges. In dark co niferous forest canopy, on the big stone slide-rocks and screes, in the Pinus pumila communities, up to 1500 m alt. (Yaku bov 2014). Described from the Badzhal Range. For ano ther species of the oligotypic East Asian genus Pentactina Nakai P. rupicola Nakai (North Korea) the diploid CN 2n = 18 was known (see in Bolkhovskikh et al. 1969, Lee & Hong 2011). First CN data for P. schlothauerae. Tetraploid (4x), x = 9. SCROPHULARIACEAE Veronica schmidtiana Regel, 2n = 34 Russia, Far East, Sakhalin, Vostochno-Sakhalinskie Mts., Nabil skii Range, Chamginskii Pass, on pebbles at the stream, 11 Sep 2009, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11498: 30 (VLA). Distribution: Sakhalin, South Kurils, Japan. Rocks and screes. Described from Sakhalin. First CN count from Sa kha lin. Its CN was revealed earlier from Moneron Isl. (the same 2n = 34). Diploid (2x), x = 17. The genus Veronica is polybasic. VIOLACEAE Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu, *2n = 40 Russia, Far East, the Kuril Islands, Shikotan Isl., near Ma lo kuril skoe settlement, Trezubets Cape, in the canyon, on dry rubbly-melkozem scree at the rocks, 5 Aug 2010, coll. V.Yu. Barkalov 11759: 19 (VLA). Distribution: Siberia, Far East. Forest species. Described from Sakhalin. The species was studied before two times from Sakhalin and two times from the Kurils. We revealed the new, tetraploid cytotype for the species. The diploid cytotype (2n = 20) is more common in the RFE (and in the islands). Variable ploidy. CONCLUSION Two species (of 38) were studied caryologically for the first time and one showed the new cytotype. New CN is re vealed in the small (with 2 species) genus Pentactina, relative to Spiraea. The basic CNs of the species studied are numerous: x = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17. The group of alien species anthropophytes from Sakhalin and some other regions of the RFE consists of 13 species and it is represented mainly by diploids and tetraploids (2x, 4x), in equal parts. Lepidium ruderale and Stellaria media demonstrated variable ploidy (2 x, 4x) in Sakhalin and the Kurils. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to E.G. Rudyka for participation in some CN determinations and to plant collectors: O.A. Cher nyagina, M.V. Krjukova, V.T. Lapenko, V.A. Necha ev for providing important plant material for our study. The study was partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR): grants , , to D.A. Krivenko. LITERATURE CITED Bolkhovskikh, Z.V., V.G. Grif, O.I. Zakharyeva & T.S. Matve eva Chromosome numbers of flowering plants (A.A. Fedo rov, ed.), 926 pp. Nauka, Leningrad (in Russian). [Болховских З.В., Гриф В.Г., Захарьева О.И., Матвеева Т.С Хромосомные числа цветковых рас те ний / под ред. А.А. Федорова. Л.: Наука, 926 с.]. 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