Population density and number of wild boar (Sus scrofa) estimated by sampling plots in south-western Poland

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1 Population density and number of wild boar (Sus scrofa) estimated by sampling plots in south-western Poland Bobek Bogusław Pedagogical University of Cracow, Institute of Biology, Podbrzezie 3, Kraków Furtek Jakub Polish Wildlife Foundation, Żołnierska 31, Kraków Orłowska Lidia Pedagogical University of Cracow, Institute of Biology, Podbrzezie 3, Kraków Wojciuch- Płoskonka Marta Polish Wildlife Foundation, Żołnierska 31, Kraków

Bory Dolnośląskie Forest North-East Odra Valley Barycz Valley V.

2 STUDY AREA: LOCATION OF 10 GAME MANAGEMENTS UNIT I. Bory Dolnośląskie Forest South-West II. III. IV. Bory Dolnośląskie Forest North-East Odra Valley Barycz Valley V. Sudety Foothills VI. VII. Śląska Lowland Karkonosze Mnts VIII. Sowie Mnts IX. Kłodzka Valley X. Trzebnica Hills

3 METHODS: POPULATION CENSUS Time: February 2017 Large sampling plots: ha persons per sampling plot Block count method Excluding multiple observations of wild boar units according to their size and structure (Maruyama 1992; Herrero et al 2011; Bobek et al 2013)

4 METHODS: POPULATION CENSUS Location of sampling plots in management unit Bory Dolnośląskie South-West

5 METHODS: POPULATION CENSUS

6 METHODS: POPULATION CENSUS

7 METHODS: POPULATION CENSUS

8 METHODS: SIMULATION OF POPULATION DYNAMICS LOCATION: Game management unit Exponential rate of change INPUT DATA: Period 10 years: ; Population size in February 2017; Target in 2027: 0,5 or 0,1 wild boar/ 1 km 2 of total area; Annual net population increase: 75% - 150% of population size in February OUTPUT DATA: Annual harvest, Population size in consecutive years

9 NUMBERS OF ANIMALS Wild boar simulation of population dynamics in game management unit final target: 449 wild boars (0,5/ km 2 of total area) Total area 89, ha, Forest area 68, ha N - population in February H - annual harvest (87,5% N) 1280 R - net population increase (75% N) YEARS

10 NUMBERS OF ANIMALS 2000 Wild boar simulation of population dynamics in game management unit final target: 88 wild boars (0,1/ km 2 of total area) Total area 89, ha, Forest area 68, ha YEARS N - population in February H - annual harvest (100,6% N) R - net population increase (75% N) 88

14 WILD BOAR OF LOWLAND FOREST GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT AREA: ha 10 3 SAMPLING PLOTS TOTAL FOREST N ha 10 3 DENSITY 2017 N 1 H 1 H 2 Dolnośląskie Forest south-west unit Dolnośląskie Forest North-east unit 89,3 68,7 18 9,2 24, ,5 66, ,9 26, Barycz Valley 165,2 65,1 11 5,3 58, TOTAL 378,0 200, , N 1: population size in February 2017 Density: animals per 1000 ha of forest H 1: harvest during 2017/ 2018 hunting season (target density 0,5 wild boar/ 1 km 2 of total area) H 2: harvest during 2017/ 2018 hunting season (target density 0,1 wild boar/ 1 km 2 of total area)

16 Fot. Witold Frąckowiak

18 WILD BOAR GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT AREA: ha 10 3 SAMPLING PLOTS TOTAL FOREST N ha 10 3 DENSITY 2017 N 1 H 1 H 2 Sowie Mnts 131,8 50, ,3 72, Karkonosze Mnts 80,2 43,9 22 9,3 28, Kłodzko Valley 129,4 58, ,2 46, TOTAL 341,4 152, , N 1: population size in February 2017 Density: animals per 1000 ha of forest H 1: harvest during 2017/ 2018 hunting season (target density 0,5 wild boar/ 1 km 2 of total area) H 2: harvest during 2017/ 2018 hunting season (target density 0,1 wild boar/ 1 km 2 of total area)

20 Fot: A. Czyż

WILD BOAR GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT AREA: ha 10 3 SAMPLING PLOTS TOTAL FOREST N ha 10 3 DENSITY 2017 N 1 H 1 H 2 Odra Valley 140,4 39,9 6 3,5 83,3 3 323 4 264 4 883 Śląska Lowland 267,8 29,0 11 4,1 89,5 2

21 WILD BOAR GAME MANAGEMENT UNIT AREA: ha 10 3 SAMPLING PLOTS TOTAL FOREST N ha 10 3 DENSITY 2017 N 1 H 1 H 2 Odra Valley 140,4 39,9 6 3,5 83, Śląska Lowland 267,8 29,0 11 4,1 89, Sudety Foothills 243,0 64,1 17 6,7 96, Trzebnica Hills 287,1 64,5 15 6,7 85, TOTAL 938,3 197, N 1: population size in February 2017 Density: animals per 1000 ha of forest H 1: harvest during 2017/ 2018 hunting season (target density 0,5 wild boar/ 1 km 2 of total area) H 2: harvest during 2017/ 2018 hunting season (target density 0,1 wild boar/ 1 km 2 of total area)

22 CONCLUSIONS: Estimating population size of wild boar by using block count census is very reliable but expensive and time consuming method. Therefore it should be applied in 3 4 year intervals; In meantime, adaptive harvest based upon monitoring number of wild boar shot during collective hunts is recomended; The relationship between spreading rate of African swine fever and population density of wild boar is still lacking;

23 POPULATION DENSITY (N/1000 HA OF FOREST) Harvest success index i.e. number of wild boar shot per one hunting plot and population density (Bobek et al. 2018, Wildlife Biology - submited) y = (102,354)*Arctan((1,25574)*x) r = 0,79435; p = 0,00051; r 2 = 0,63099 HARVEST SUCCESS INDEX

24 Fot. Witold Frąckowiak

25 Fot. Piotr Kierzkowski

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