Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 48 B, m/s 49.6m/s

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1 Annuals of Disas. Prev. Res. Inst., Kyoto Univ., No. 48 B, m/s 49.6m/s (2000) (1992) m/s 0418Fig. 36.0m/s58.9m/s (2000)

2 9:00, Sep. 8 18:00 21:00 Itsukushima Shrine Hiroshima Local Meteorological Observatory Hiroshima Bay 15:00 12:00 9:00, Sep. 7 9:00, Sep. 6 Hiroshima 9:00, Sep. 5 Fig.1. Location of Hiroshima and the path of Typhoon m from the ground Island Fig.2. Location of Island and Itsukushima Shrine in Hiroshima bay Max. gust : Hiroshima wind speed a. Hiroshima Local Meteorological Observatory N E S W Max. gust : Hiroshima wind direction Hiroshima about 5m above the roof b. fire station Photo 1 Set up of anemometers Fig. Photo Fig m/s m/s hPa Photoa 60 temperature hourly precipitation Hiroshima pressure Hiroshima time Fig.3 Meteorological records on September 7 10

3 Itsukushima Shrine Mizan(530m) Komagabayashi (500m) saddle Hiroshima Bay Bird eye s view of Island from north fire station The shrine is located behind the peninsula valley peninsula Photo 2 Geography around the shrine b. View around the shrine from the ferry port to south m 95.4m Photob 150m Fig m/s m/s hPa Fig m Dishouin Temple ridge Komagabayashi (500m) Photo 2b saddle valley Photo 2b ridge Mizan (530m) fire station Itsukushima Shrine. Photo, Fig. 700m Fig. 4 Map around the shrine Photo 16,17

4 a. A collapsed wall b. Damage to roof tiles c. Broken trees Photo 3 Various finds of damage recorded around Itsukusima Shrine in Island Fig. Table Fig.Photo Photo 5aPhoto 5b Photo 5c by tree by roof Itsukushima Shrine fire station Daisyouin Temple Fig.5. Distribution of wind directions around Itsukushima Shrine estimated by broken trees and the roof damage Table 1 List of evidences around the shrine Fig.,

5 Photo 4 Front view of the shrine from north to south Photo 4 Fig. 6 Location of the buildings, Tourist Association Photod 9119 Photo 1258 Photoa 1334 Photob 1335 Photoc 1340 Photod

6 a. Honshaharaiden and Butai b. Western corridor c. Maroudojinja d. Nohbutai Photo 5 Damage to Itsukusima Shrine from strong winds a. Honshaharaiden at around 12:58 b. Nohbutai at around 13:34 c. View from Hirabutai to the west at around 13:35 d. View from Hirabutai to the west at around 13:40 Photo 6 High tide and waves ( presented by Itsukushima Shrine)

7 a. Ugakubou b. Site of collapsed Sagakubou Location of where metal claws pictured in Fig d are normally attached 55 cm Metal claws used to hold the floor panel in place c. 55cm scrape left on column d. Foot of columns of corridor e. Side view of the floor panels of Hirabutai Stone pillars collapsed when f. Footings where Sagakubou stood g. Joists and posts of Hirabutai Photo 7 Damage to floor and Sagakubou Photoa Photoc 55cm Photoc Photo,

8 Photof 9119,2000 (2000) 21COE, , On the Strong Wind Damage to Itsukushima shrine from Typhoon 0418 Takashi MARUYAMA, Hiromasa KAWAI, Kengo MASUDA*, Yukio TAMURA** and Masahiro MATSUI** * Graduate School of Kyoto University, Japan ** Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan Synopsis Typhoon 0418 struck Island, in the prefecture of Hiroshima, Japan, on September 7, There was a maximum peak gust of 60.2m/s which was the strongest wind ever recorded by the Hiroshima Local Meteorological Observatory. Itsukushima Shrine, a designated world heritage site on Island, suffered various kinds of damage. We conducted a field investigation immediately following the typhoon. The wind environment and the damage to the shrine as well as to the surrounding area were investigated and will be described in this report. Keywords: Typhoon 0418, strong wind, damage, Itsukushima shrine, field investigation

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