Table of Contents. List of Tables

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2 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION... 4 II. SURVEY FINDINGS Scope of the Survey Methodology Result Analysis Basic information and facilities of hotels and resorts Lodging and occupancy rate Related issues to restaurant and cooking Shops in hotels and resorts Event space of hotels and resorts Guest service and water consumption Wastewater discharge Warm water generation Water source for irrigating green area in hotels and resorts III. CONCLUSION IV. APPENDIX Appendix A - Collected Questionnaires of 13 Hotels and Resorts Appendix B - Data Summary (Excel Spreadsheet) List of Tables Table 1 Basic information about hotels and resorts Table 2 Facilities of hotels and resorts Table 3 Total guestrooms in hotels and resorts Table 4 Number of residences in hotels and resorts Table 5 Number of villas and private pools of hotels and resorts Table 6 Occupancy rate of villas in resorts over months Table 7 - Correlation between number of kitchens and kitchen waste amount Table 8 - Correlation between number of kitchens and capacity of service Table 9 Energy used for cooking in hotels and resorts

3 Table 10 Kind of shops in hotels and resorts Table 11 Average number of visitors to event space over months Table 12 Guest service and other facilities with water consumption Table 13 Average water consumption per guest per day Table 14 - Where wasterwater is discharged Table 15 Water source for irrigating green area in hotels and resorts List of Figures Figure 1 Average guestrooms occupancy rate over months Figure 2 Average occupancy rate of restaurant over months Figure 3 - Correlation between number of kitchens and kitchen waste amount Figure 4 - Correlation between number of kitchens and capacity of service Figure 5 Resort ballroom and maximum guests can be accommodated Figure 6 - Resort function room and maximum guests can be accommodated Figure 7 - Average visitors per month to event space Figure 8 - Where wastewater is discharged Figure 9 - Energy used for generating warm water for rooms and facilities Figure 10 - How warm water for rooms and facilities is generated

4 Executive Summary The survey at high class hotels and resorts in Da Nang Eastern coastal area for the pilot vacuum sewer system is provided by Central of Vietnam Technologies Joint Stock Company as a commission of GIZ-Nexus project. This summary report of the survey focuses on summarizing and analyzing related information of hotels and resorts in the Eastern coastal area as a basis for further investigation and proposal of the pilot vacuum system for hotels and resorts in this selected area. 3

5 I. INTRODUCTION As part of the Nexus project in Da Nang city Vacuum waste water collection, waste water treatment (biogas production) using the by-products (irrigation water and fertilizer from biogas plant) for urban agriculture, the objective of this survey is to provide an overview about the current situation of hotels and resorts in the Eastern coastal area of the city with an emphasis on water consumption, wastewater discharge, energy used as well as wastewater recycle and reuse. II. SURVEY FINDINGS 1. Scope of the Survey Before conducting the survey, a pre-survey on-site visit to the Da Nang Eastern coastal area to investigate and select the high class 1 hotels and resorts as matching candidates for the survey was done. The following definitions on hotels and resorts will differentiate the two types of tourism lodgings: According to TCVN 9506:2012, Hotel is a tourism establishment providing lodging with a minimum of 10 bedrooms and ensuring the quality of facilities and necessary guest services. 2 Resort can be defined as a tourism establishment built in block or complex of villas and low-storey houses and often located in an area with beautiful natural scenery with pure air and often close to sea, river, mountain to provide for most of a vacationer's wants while remaining on the premise, such as food, drink, lodging, entertainment, shopping, sightseeing High class hotels and resorts refer to hotels and resorts with Viet Nam Administration of Tourism s ranking of 4 and 5 stars or equivalent to 4 and 5 stars. 2 TCVN 9506:2012 Tourist accommodation and other related services Terminology compiled by Viet Nam Administration of Tourism (VNAT) and issued by Ministry of Science and Technology in TCVN 9506:2012 and Son, D.H. (2012). Business Administration of Resorts. Phuong Dong Publishing House. 4

6 The pre-survey has located the following 13 high class hotels and resorts as in the illustrated mapping: 5

7 In additions, photos below were taken during the site visits to the hotels and resorts for interviews for a better understanding of the hotels and resorts in this area. Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Fusion Maia Resort 6

8 Son Tra Resort & Spa Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang 7

9 Muong Thanh Hotel Sandy Beach Resort 8

10 Crowne Plaza Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort 9

11 Furama Resort Intercontinental Resort 10

12 Holiday Beach Resort Olalani Resort 11

13 Premier Village Da Nang Resort (formerly The Sun Villas ) 2. Methodology With the support from Department of Planning and Investment of Da Nang city (DPI), the questionnaires had been sent to the related hotels and resorts for their preparation prior to the interviews and onsite visits conducted in the late mid of March 2014 and April The information was collected directly with the representative respondents from the respective hotels and resorts. Due to confidential reasons (e.g. occupancy rates, average number of visitors over months, etc.), some hotels and resorts could not provide the related information; however, all 13 questionnaires were recorded quite complete (please refer in details in Appendix A). Since the data were collected from representatives of the respective hotels and resorts, during the summarizing and analyzing phase, data were cross-checked for correction and refined when necessary. 12

14 3. Result Analysis 3.1. Basic information and facilities of hotels and resorts Table 1 shows the basic information of 13 hotels and resorts in the Eastern coastal area of Da Nang city. Overall, it can be seen from the table that larger total area group belongs to resorts, while smaller group belongs to hotels. This is easily understood because normally resorts have large green space and larger total build up area. In a closer look, Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort has the largest total plot area with up to 200,000 m 2 while the smallest total plot area belongs to Muong Thanh Hotel with about 1,900 m 2. However, with regard to total built up area, Crowne Plaza Da Nang Resort ranks top with 114,970 m 2. Moreover, Hyatt Regency, Sandy Beach and Crowne Plaza have the largest green area belonging to hotel with 73,935 m 2 ; 44,632 m 2 and 38,000 m 2 respectively. Table 1 Basic information about hotels and resorts No. Name of hotels and resorts Category Total plot area (m2) Total built up area (m2) Green area belonging to hotel (m2) 1 Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort 5 stars 200,000 40,482 73,935 2 Sandy Beach Resort 4 stars 170,000 30,796 44,632 3 Premier Village Da Nang Resort equivalent to 5 stars 156,135 No statistics No statistics 4 Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort 5 stars 155,087 51,810 18,528 5 Olalani Resort and Condominiums equivalent to 4 stars 70,048 No statistics No statistics 6 Crowne Plaza Da Nang 5 stars 70, ,970 38,000 7 Fusion Maia Resort 5 stars 40,010 10,314 9, Intercontinental Resort 5 stars 38,000 No statistics No statistics 9 Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort 5 stars 36,000 52,614 32, Furama Resort 5 stars 28, , Son Tra Resort & Spa equivalent to 5 stars 18,501 No statistics No statistics 12 Holiday Beach Hotel equivalent to 4 stars 4, , Muong Thanh Hotel equivalent to 4 stars 1, No statistics 13

15 Table 2 Facilities of hotels and resorts No Name of hotels and resorts Fitness centre Aerobic room Yes Yes Water slide Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Fusion Maia Resort Son Tra Resort & Spa Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Muong Thanh Hotel Sandy Beach Resort Crowne Plaza Da Nang Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort Furama Resort Intercontinental Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Olalani Resort and Condominiums Premier Village Da Nang Resort Number of hotels and resorts % Spa Swimming pools Steam room and sauna Cold plunge pool RESORT FACILITIES Hot tub Sport facilities with toilets and shower Facilities for kids Considering the facilities of these hotels and resorts, 100% of hotels and resorts in the Eastern coastal area have spa and swimming pool. For Crowne Plaza and Pullman Da Nang and Hyatt Regency, there are waterslides in the swimming pools. Table 2 also shows that 92% of hotels and resorts have steam room and sauna and 69% of them have cold plunge pool and hot tub. The number of hotels and resorts with fitness centre is quite high with 11/13 hotels and resorts and only 5/13 hotels and resorts have aerobics rooms. In additions, nearly 77% of hotels and resorts offer facilities for kids Lodging and occupancy rate Regarding number of guestrooms, table 3 below has shown that Crowne Plaza Resort has the biggest total guestrooms with 538 guestrooms while Son Tra Resort & Spa has the smallest number with only 48 guestrooms in total. Most of other resorts and hotels have from around 100 to 500 rooms. 14

16 Table 3 Total guestrooms in hotels and resorts Name of hotels and resorts Number of guestrooms Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort 200 Fusion Maia Resort 87 Son Tra Resort & Spa 48 Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort 200 Muong Thanh Hotel 370 Sandy Beach Resort 118 Crowne Plaza Da Nang 535 Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort 186 Furama Resort 198 Intercontinenal Resort 197 Holiday Beach Hotel 118 Olalani Resort and Condominiums 197 Premier Village Da Nang Resort 448 Due to confidential reason or not yet opening, some hotels and resorts could not provide the statistics on average guestroom occupancy rate over months. However, with the data collected from 6 hotels and resorts, the average occupancy rate in guestrooms over months is quite high, ranging from 40% to 90%. The Figures 1 has shown the highest season from May to August with the higher occupancy rates compared to other months. Room occupancy rate (%) Figure 1 - Average guestroom occupancy rate over months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Sandy Beach Resort Crowne Plaza Da Nang Furama Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Figure 1 Average guestrooms occupancy rate over months 15

17 The survey also reveals that among the 13 hotels and resorts, only Hyatt Regency Da Nang, Muong Thanh and Olalani have residences 4. According to Table 4, the average occupancy rate of residences is not so high compared to that of guestrooms. Taking the information provided by Hyatt Regency Da Nang, the rate often fluctuates around 30% and the occupancy rate falls to the lowest in January with only 10%. Table 4 Number of residences in hotels and resorts Name of hotels and resorts Number of residences Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort 180 Muong Thanh Hotel 8 Olalani Resort and Condominiums 87 Residence occupancy rate (%) Name of resort Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort With regard to villas 5, Premier Village Da Nang Resort 6 ranks top with the highest number: 112 villas in total. This can be well explained because Premier Village Da Nang Resort was formerly known as The Sun Villas. This resort is invested by The Sun Group and its former name had expressed the focus on offering luxurious villas. Another special point to be noticed is that while the villas in Pullman Da Nang do not have private pools, the other resorts offer private pool in every villa. Moreover, the statistics from Hyatt Regency Da Nang and Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang in Table 6 have shown that the occupancy rate of villas is better than the occupancy rate of residences, with the range from 12% to 50% depending on different months. 4 In this report context, residence (in resorts) refers to a fully furnished apartment. 5 In this report context, villa (in resorts) refers to a luxurious rented holiday home with its own space. 6 Formerly known as The Sun Villas 16

18 Table 5 Number of villas and private pools of hotels and resorts Name of hotels and resorts Number of villas Number of private pools Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Fusion Maia Resort 3 3 Son Tra Resort & Spa Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort 11 0 Intercontinental Resort 5 5 Olalani Resort and Condominiums 3 3 Premier Village Da Nang Resort Table 6 Occupancy rate of villas in resorts over months Name of resorts Villa occupancy rate (%) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Related issues to restaurant and cooking The highest occupancy rate belongs to Sandy Beach Resort with a stable average rate of % over months. Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang also has high occupancy rate of 80%. These two resorts have highest occupancy rate because they offer special weekend buffet with special price for both resort guests and outsiders. Holiday Beach Hotel has the lowest occupancy rate among the 4 hotels and resorts with available statistics. However, the average rate of 40% is rather fine for a newly opened hotel like Holiday Beach Hotel. 17

19 Figure 2 - Average occupancy rate of restaurant over months Occupancy rate (%) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Sandy Beach Resort Intercontinenal Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Figure 2 Average occupancy rate of restaurant over months Regarding the kitchens, as shown in Table 7, 11/13 hotels and resorts (equivalent to 85%) have more than one kitchen. It is clear that the hotels and resorts with more than one kitchen can accommodate more guests. Crown Plaza Da Nang can serve up to 900 guests with its 6 different restaurants. Table 7 - Correlation between number of kitchens and capacity of service Number of kitchens Capacity (guests) Holiday Beach Hotel 1 55 Son Tra Resort & Spa Muong Thanh Hotel Sandy Beach Resort Fusion Maia Resort Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort Olalani Resort and Condominiums Furama Resort Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Intercontinental Resort Crowne Plaza Da Nang Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Premier Village Da Nang Resort

20 For a better illustration, Figure 3 shows the correlation between number of kitchens and capacity of service of the respective hotels and resorts Figure 3 - Correlation between number of kitchens and capacity of service Capacity (guests) Figure 3 - Correlation between number of kitchens and capacity of service Similarly, the amount of kitchen waste in hotels and resorts with more than one kitchen in most cases is often higher than the ones having only one kitchen. Table 8 has shown the largest kitchen waste amount belongs to Furama, Crowne Plaza Da Nang and Hyatt Regency Da Nang with 800 kg/day, 600 kg/day and 600 kg/day respectively. The Premier Village Da Nang Resort has not been in operation; therefore, no statistics is available. Table 8 - Correlation between number of kitchens and kitchen waste amount Kitchen waste Name of hotels and resorts Number of kitchens (kg/d) Holiday Beach Hotel 1 30 Son Tra Resort & Spa 1 80 Muong Thanh Hotel 2 50 Sandy Beach Resort Fusion Maia Resort Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort Olalani Resort and Condominiums Furama Resort Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort 5 30 Intercontinental Resort Crowne Plaza Da Nang Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort

21 The below Figure 4 also illustrates the correlation between number of kitchens and waste amount for better understanding Figure 4 - Correlation between number of kitchens and kitchen waste amount Kitchen waste Figure 4 - Correlation between number of kitchens and kitchen waste amount With regard to kitchen waste, up to 11/13 hotels and resorts have contract with Da Nang Urban Environment Company (URENCO) for collecting. Only Crowne Plaza Da Nang and Pullman Da Nang give kitchen waste to local people or outsiders for breeding cattle and poultry. Table 9 How kitchen waste is dealt Name of hotels and resorts How kitchen waste is dealt Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Contract with URENCO for collecting Fusion Maia Resort Contract with URENCO for collecting Son Tra Resort & Spa Contract with URENCO for collecting Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Contract with URENCO for collecting 20

22 Muong Thanh Hotel Sandy Beach Resort Crowne Plaza Da Nang Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort Furama Resort Intercontinental Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Olalani Resort and Condominiums Premier Village Da Nang Resort Contract with URENCO for collecting Contract with URENCO for collecting Outsiders collect and reuse for breeding Kitchen waste is given to local people for breeding cattle and poultry Contract with URENCO for collecting Contract with URENCO for collecting Contract with URENCO for collecting Contract with URENCO for collecting Contract with URENCO for collecting Regarding energy used for cooking, only Fusion Maia Resort and Holiday Beach Hotel use both gas and electricity for cooking; Premier Village Da Nang Resort only cook with electricity and the rest of other hotels and resorts cook by gas only. For the hotels and resorts cooking by gas, the highest average gas consumption per month is 20,000 kg (Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort) and the lowest gas consumption goes to Son Tra Resort & Spa and Holiday Beach Hotel with about 200 kg gas per month. Table 10 illustrates in more details about energy used for cooking in hotels and resorts. Table 10 Energy used for cooking in hotels and resorts Cooking with Gas Name of hotels and resorts Average consumption Yes per month (kg) Electricity Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort 1 20,000 0 Fusion Maia Resort Son Tra Resort & Spa Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Muong Thanh Hotel Sandy Beach Resort Yes 21

23 Crowne Plaza Da Nang Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort Furama Resort Intercontinental Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Olalani Resort and Condominiums 1 No statistics 0 Premier Village Da Nang Resort 0 Not yet in operation Shops in hotels and resorts As shown in Table 11, 77% of hotels and resorts have shops and the majority of shops are souvenir shops. In additions, there are also food, clothes and retail shops. Son Tra Resort & Spa; Holiday Beach Hotel and Olalani Resort have no shop. Table 11 Kind of shops in hotels and resorts Name of hotel/resort Category SHOPS (Kind of shops) Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort 5 stars Clothes shop, silk shop, toys and souvenir shop Fusion Maia Resort 5 stars Clothes and souvenir shop Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort 5 stars Slippers and souvenir shop, clothes shop, marble shop Muong Thanh Hotel equivalent to 4 stars Marble and jewelry shop Sandy Beach Resort 4 stars Marble and jewelry shop and souvenir shop Crowne Plaza Da Nang 5 stars Food shop, fashion clothes shop, art wood shop, marble and souvenir shop Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort 5 stars Gift shop Furama Resort 5 stars Jewelry shop, souvenir shop Intercontinental Resort equivalent to 5 stars Retail shop Premier Village Da Nang Resort equivalent to 5 stars Retail shop The photos below illustrate a variety of shops in the hotels and resorts. 22

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25 3.5. Event space of hotels and resorts Figure 5 - Resort ballroom and maximum guests can be accommodated Maximum guests can be accommodated Figure 5 Resort ballroom and maximum guests to be accommodated 24

26 Figure 5 illustrates the ballrooms in the 12 hotels and their maximum capacity (only Premier Village Da Nang Resort does not have ballroom). Crowne Plaza Da Nang Resort ranks top with up to 900 guests to be accommodated. Son Tra Resort & Spa has the lowest capacity with only maximum 60 guests to be served Figure 6 - Resort function room and maximum guests can be accommodated Maximum guests can be accommodated Figure 6 - Resort function room and maximum guests to be accommodated With regard to function rooms, Furama Resort leads with the total maximum capacity of 750 guests and Premier Village Da Nang Resort only accommodates up to 30 guests in total. For the rests of the hotels and resorts, the capacity of function room ranges from around 100 guests to 600 guests in total. Again, due to no statistics available or confidential reason, only the following 4 hotels and resorts provided the data on the average number of visitors per month. Table 12 and Figure 7 have illustrated better the average number of visitors to event space over months. Overall, except Holiday Beach Hotel has just newly opened, Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort, Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort and Sandy Beach Resort welcome quite a high number of visitors over months, from around 300 up to nearly 2000 guests depending on different months. 25

27 Table 12 Average number of visitors to event space over months Name of hotels & resorts Average number of visitors per month (persons) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Sandy Beach Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Figure 7 - Average visitors per month to event space Persons Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Sandy Beach Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 7 - Average visitors per month to event space 3.6. Guest service and water consumption It can be seen from Table 13 that 100% of the hotels and resorts have dry cleaning and laundry services as they are high class hotels and resorts. Laundry service is one of the compulsory requirements for classification of high ranking hotels and resorts according to TCVN 4391: suggested by Viet Nam Administration of Tourism (VNAT). 7 TCVN 4391:2009 Hotel Classification, 2nd edition in 2009, suggested by Viet Nam Administration of Tourism (VNAT) and issued by Ministry of Science and Technology 26

28 Table 13 Guest service and other facilities with water consumption GUEST SERVICE AND FACILITIES Name of hotel/resort Category Dry cleaning and laundry services Yes Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort 5 stars 1 Fusion Maia Resort 5 stars 1 Son Tra Resort & Spa equivalent to 5 stars 1 Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort 5 stars 1 Muong Thanh Hotel equivalent to 4 stars 1 Sandy Beach Resort 4 stars 1 Crowne Plaza Da Nang 5 stars 1 Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort 5 stars 1 Furama Resort 5 stars 1 Intercontinental Resort equivalent to 5 stars 1 Holiday Beach Hotel equivalent to 4 stars 1 Olalani Resort and Condominiums equivalent to 5 stars 1 Premier Village Da Nang Resort equivalent to 5 stars 1 27

29 With regard to water consumption, Crowne Plaza Da Nang Resort, Intercontinental Resort and Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort have the highest average water consumption per guest per day 8 with 1,300 litres per day while Holiday Beach Hotel and Muong Thanh Hotel have the lowest water consumption with 90 litres per day and 77 litres per day respectively as shown in Table 14. The explanation for the large difference in water consumption between resorts and hotels is because resorts use much more water for facilities and larger green space. Table 14 Average water consumption per guest per day 9 Name of hotels and resorts Average water consumption per guest per day (l/d) Crowne Plaza Da Nang Resort 1300 Intercontinental Resort 1300 Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort 1300 Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang 1000 Sandy Beach Resort 660 Furama Resort 400 Fusion Maia Resort 300 Son Tra Resort & Spa 120 Holiday Beach Hotel 90 Muong Thanh Hotel Wastewater discharge Table 15 and Figure 8 illustrate about wastewater discharge in the 13 hotels and resorts. In general, no hotels discharge wastewater directly into sewer system. There are 2 resorts or equivalent to 15% of hotels and resorts discharge waste water into septic tank without overflow to sewer system, 4 hotels and resorts or equivalent to 31% hotels and resorts 8 After double-checking with hotels and resorts, there are no exact figures of water consumption separately for kitchen, laundry or room usage. The average water consumption per guest per day is calculated basing on total water consumption and numbers of guests. 9 Table 14 only shows the average water consumption per guest per day of 10 hotels and resorts. Hyatt Regency Resort and Olalani Resort do not have statistics and Premier Village Da Nang Resort has not yet been in operation. 28

30 discharge waste water into septic tank with overflow to sewer system and up to 77% of them discharge waste water into their own wastewater treatment system or decentralized wastewater treatment plant. Some resorts even combine 2 ways of discharge wastewater. More specifically, Sandy Beach Resort discharges wastewater into both septic tank without overflow and into septic tank with overflow to sewer system. With 40 septic tanks, Sandy Beach Resort empties its septic tanks once per month. Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort discharges wastewater into both septic tank without overflow (1 big septic tank and it is emptied once per year) and into decentralized wastewater treatment plant. Another case is Fusion Maia Resort with wastewater is discharged into both septic tank with overflow to sewer system and into decentralized wastewater treatment plant. Table 15 - Where wastewater is discharged Name of hotels and resorts Septic tank without overflow Septic tank with overflow to sewer system Decentralized wastewater treatment plant Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Fusion Maia Resort Son Tra Resort & Spa Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Muong Thanh Hotel Sandy Beach Resort Crowne Plaza Da Nang Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort Furama Resort Intercontinental Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Olalani Resort and Condominiums Premier Village Da Nang Resort Number of hotels & resorts %

31 Septic tank without overflow Figure 8 - Where wastewater is discharged Septic tank with overflow to sewer system Decentralized wastewater treatment plant % Number of resorts Figure 8 - Where wastewater is discharged The following pictures taken during the site visits have reflected clearer the current situation of wastewater discharge in big hotels and resorts Intercontinental Resort: is constructing the wastewater treatment plant with the capacity of 400m 3 /day. The wastewater after treatment will meet standard A of TCVN 5945: Storage of wastewater after treatment for watering green space Chemical storage house 10 TCVN 5945:2010 Industrial Wastewater Discharge Standards, issued by Ministry of Science and Technology in

32 Newly constructed wastewater treatment system Newly constructed wastewater treatment system Collecting chamber before flowing into new wastewater treatment system Son Tra Resort & Spa: Wastewater treatment system with the current capacity of 70m 3 / day. In the near future, it is expanded the treatment capacity up to 200m 3 /day. Wastewater treatment system Wastewater treatment area 31

33 Treated wastewater used for watering trees Sandy Beach Resort: Wastewater from the septic tanks is collected to collecting chamber, treated and discharge to the environment. Centrally wastewater collecting chamber Tank of fat separation from kitchen waste 32

34 3.7.4 Hyatt Regency: The bad odor was actually emitted from the city s sewer system; and Hyatt Regency Resort has built decentralized wastewater treatment plant to mitigate bad odor emission and pump to the pipe outflow to the sea. The capacity of the decentralized treatment plant is 400 m 3 /day. Wastewater treatment system is underground. Hyatt Resort wastewater treatment system lies inside the city sewer line. Bad odor treatment system is inside the city sewer line. Wastewater after bad odor treatment is pumped outside. 33

35 3.7.5 Crowne Plaza: The wastewater treatment system has a capacity of 900m 3 /day. Cover of wastewater treatment tank Filter tank of wastewater after treatment Furama Resort: The system of wastewater treatment lies under the hotel ground with the capacity of 300m 3 /day. Control board of treatment system Sludge thickener 34

36 Sludge thickener Chemical storage area Wastewater tank lies behind the wall on the right side (close system so that it cannot be observed.) 35

37 3.7.7 Fusion Maia Resort: The capacity of the wastewater treatment is 100m 3 /day and the current wastewater discharge is 70m 3 /day. The coverage of wastewater treatment area Way leads to wastewater treatment area Holiday Beach Hotel: The wastewater treatment system area is from the parking lot to the hotel kitchen. The capacity of the system is 75m 3 /day while the current wastewater discharge is 40-50m 3 /day. Parking lot Sewerage cover 36

38 3.7.9 Muong Thanh Hotel: The capacity of wastewater treatment system is 160m 3 /day and it was designed and constructed by Green World Company. The system was installed underground beside the hotel basement. According to site visit to the hotel in April 2014, the treated wastewater outflow is not clean and has bad odor. Air blower Leaked pipes Olalani Resort: The capacity of the wastewater treatment system is 400m 3 /day. The system lies next to tennis court of the hotel and is built underground. Collecting chamber Overview of wastewater treatment area 37

39 Covers of treatment tanks Input valve to wastewater treatment system Premier Village Da Nang Resort: There is a preliminary treatment tank at each villa and the wastewater after treatment will be pumped back into central collecting chamber. After that, the treated wastewater will be used for watering trees. Workers are maintaining the pump Central collecting chamber Vinpearl Luxury Resort: The capacity of the treatment system is 300m 3 /day. Control room of treatment system Overview of wastewater treatment system 38

40 Cover of wastewater treatment system Pullman Resort: The pump station has the aeration capacity of 200m 3. It is not allowed to take photos at Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort during the site visits in April Warm water generation Figure 9 has illustrated number and percentage of hotels and resorts using different kinds of energy for generating warm water for rooms and facilities. As can be seen from the Figure 9, most hotels and resorts use electricity for warm water generating with around 69%, some hotels and resorts use diesel with around 23% and 15% of them generate warm water by gas. A couple of hotels and resorts use different types of energy to generate warm water, like Hyatt Regency use both gas and electricity to heat water; Holiday Beach use gas, electricity and even solar energy to generate warm water. It is so interesting that a new hotel like Holiday Beach has applied solar energy for generating warm water. This can be considered as an energy efficient and sustainable method for sunny city like Da Nang and can help the hotel save the cost for heating water. 11 After many attempts from April 17 24, 2014 (sending official letter, phone calls, direct meetings ) to ask for permission to take photos of wastewater treatment area for research purpose, it is still not allowed to take photos and Pullman staffs said the general manager of the resort was on business trip and will only come back after May 10, Since it is too long to wait for a response and the report deadline is approached, Central of Viet Nam Technologies JSC decided to summarize the report according to collected information. 39

41 Figure 9 - Energy used for generating warm water for rooms and facilities By gas By electricity By diesel By solar energy % Number of hotels & resorts Figure 9 - Energy used for generating warm water for rooms and facilities Figure 10 - How warm water for rooms and facilities is generated (%) In each room 31 Centralized In each room Centralized Figure 10 - How warm water for rooms and facilities is generated As can be seen from Figure 10, 77% of hotels and resorts have centralized warm water generating system and 31% of them generate warm water in each room. In additions, Fusion Maia Resort have both centralized water heating system and warm water generated in each room that leads to the percentages like above. 40

42 3.9. Water source for irrigating green area in hotels and resorts With regard to water source for irrigating green space in hotels and resorts, it can be observed from Table 16 that most hotels and resorts use water from underground drilled well. Some other hotels and resorts often use tap water, stream water or even rain water for watering green area. One important to be noted that there are also some resorts treat wastewater and reuse treated water from the resort s wastewater treatment plant for green area. Table 16 Water source for irrigating green area in hotels and resorts Name of hotels & resorts Water source for irrigating green area Hyatt Regency Da Nang Resort Fusion Maia Resort Son Tra Resort & Spa Vinpearl Luxury Da Nang Resort Muong Thanh Hotel Sandy Beach Resort Crowne Plaza Da Nang Pullman Da Nang Beach Resort Furama Resort Intercontinental Resort Holiday Beach Hotel Olalani Resort and Condominiums Premier Village Da Nang Resort From well Treated water from the resort's wastewater treatment system and underground well water Tap water Treated water from the resort's wastewater treatment system Tap water Underground drilling water Underground drilling water Rain water Underground water Stream water Drilled well water Treated water from the resort's wastewater treatment system Tap water 41

43 III. CONCLUSION In sum, the survey has revealed some major points focusing on water consumption, kitchen waste, wastewater discharge, energy used as well as wastewater recycle and reuse for further consideration as follows: The largest kitchen waste amount per day ranges from around 50 kg up to 800 kg. Currently, up to 11/13 hotels and resorts have contract with Da Nang Urban Environment Company (URENCO) for collecting these waste to the landfill. In the near future, with rather large amount of kitchen waste, it would be good if there is further investigation on how kitchen waste can be reused for planting trees and flowers in the hotel and resort area. 100% of the hotels and resorts have dry cleaning and laundry services. With regard to average water consumption per day, the hotels and resorts use from 77 litres per day (hotels) to 1,300 litres per day (resorts). The explanation for the large difference in water consumption between resorts and hotels is because resorts use much more water for facilities and larger green space. No hotels discharge wastewater directly into sewer system. 15% of hotels and resorts discharge waste water into septic tank without overflow to sewer system, 31% hotels and resorts discharge waste water into septic tank with overflow to sewer system and 77% of them discharge waste water into their own decentralized wastewater treatment plant. Some resorts even combine 2 ways of discharge wastewater. 69% of hotels and resorts use electricity for warm water generating, 23% hotels and resorts use diesel and 15% generates warm water by gas. It is so interesting that a new hotel like Holiday Beach has applied solar energy for generating warm water. This can be considered as an energy efficient and sustainable method for sunny city like Da Nang and can help the hotel save the cost for heating water. 42

44 With regard to water source for irrigating green space in hotels and resorts, it is noted that there are also some resorts use treated water from the resort s waste water treatment plant for watering green area. This should be investigated further in order to replicate using self-treated water from wastewater in other hotels and resorts for watering as it is part of nexus approach that the project aims at. IV. APPENDIX Appendix A - Collected Questionnaires of 13 Hotels and Resorts (see attached) 1. Crowne Plaza Da Nang Da Nang, date: 20/3/2014 Name of contact person: Phan Thi Thanh Kieu Secretary Questionnaire hotels and resorts in Da Nang Bảng câu hỏi dành cho khách sạn và khu nghỉ dưỡng ở Đà Nẵng NAME HOTEL (RESORT): CROWNE PLAZA DA NANG Tên khách sạn: CATEGORY: 5 stars Loại: ADRESS: Vo Nguyen Giap St, Ngu Hanh Son Dist, Da Nang City Địa chỉ Owner: Silver Shores Investment and Development Company Chủ đầu tư Total plot area (which belongs to the hotel) m2 Tổng diện tích thuộc khách sạn Total build up area in m2: m2 Tổng diện tích xây dựng Green area belonging to hotel (m2): m2 Diện tích cây xanh (gồm cây xanh, thảm cỏ ) thuôc khách sạn RESORT FACILITIES: TIỆN NGHI KHU NGHỈ DƯỠNG Spa: Yes No Spa Swimming pools: Yes No Bể bơi Special facilities (e.g. Water slide): 1 water slide 18m Thiết bị đặc biệt (vd: máng trượt nước) Steam room and sauna: Yes No Phòng xông hơi và nhà tắm hơi Cold plunge pool: Yes No 43

45 Hồ bơi lạnh Hot tub: Yes No Bồn tắm nóng Sport facilities with toilets and shower Thiết bị tập thể dục thể thao với buồng vệ sinh và vòi tắm sen Fitness centre: Yes No Trung tậm thể dục Aerobic room: Yes No Phòng tập aerobic Facilities for Kids: Yes No Thiết bị dành cho trẻ em NUMBER OF BEDS Số giường Number of guestrooms (incl. bed rooms, suites): 535 rooms Số lượng phòng khách (bao gồm các phòng ngủ, phòng hạng sang) Occupancy rate: Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan (1): 60% Feb (2): 69% Mar (3): 78% Apr (4): 78% Number of residences: no Số lượng căn hộ Occupancy rate: Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan: N/A Feb: N/A May (5): 70% Jun (6): 74% Jul (7): 70% Aug (8): 83% May: N/A Jun: N/A Sep (9): 70% Oct (10): 72% Nov (11): 73% Dec (12): 71% Sep: N/A Oct: N/A Mar: N/A Jul: N/A Nov: N/A Apr: N/A Aug: N/A Dec: N/A Number of villas: no Số lượng biệt thự Occupancy rate: Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan: N/A Feb: N/A Mar: N/A Apr: N/A May: N/A Jun: N/A 44

46 Jul: N/A Sep: N/A Nov: N/A Aug: N/A Oct: N/A Dec: N/A Number of private pools: no Số lượng hồ bơi riêng RESTAURANTS: Yes No Nhà hàng How much restaurants do you have: 6.. Số lượng nhà hàng hiện có Restaurants for visitors from outside the hotel: Nhà hàng cho du khách ngoài khách sạn Occupancy rate: Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Yes No Jan: no statistics Feb: no statistics Mar: no statistics Apr: no statistics May: no statistics Jun: no statistics Jul: no statistics Aug: no statistics Sep: no statistics Oct: no statistics Nov: no statistics Dec: no statistics Is there more than one kitchen: Nhiều hơn 1 nhà bếp If yes, how many kitchens do you have: 6. Nếu có, có tổng cộng bao nhiêu nhà bếp Yes No what is the capacity: 900 guests công suất phục vụ khách how much kitchen waste do you have per day: 600 kg Bao nhiêu chất thải từ nhà bếp mỗi ngày what do you do with the kitchen waste? Outsiders collect and reuse for breeding Khách sạn các anh/chị làm gì với chất thải nhà bếp? are you cooking with gas or electricity Nấu ăn bằng gas hay bằng điện if you cook with gas: what is the average consumption per month: 1300kg nếu nấu bằng gas: lượng tiêu thụ trung bình mỗi tháng bao nhiêu: 45

47 SHOPS: Yes No CỬA HÀNG If yes, which kind of shops: Food, clothes and souvenir shop Nếu có. loại cửa hang nào: EVENT SPACE KHÔNG GIAN SỰ KIỆN Ballrooms: Yes No Phòng tiệc, hội nghị If yes, how many guests can be accommodated: 900 Nếu có: phục vụ tối đa nhiêu khách Function (Meeting) rooms: Yes No Phòng họp chức năng If yes, how many guests can be accommodated: 150 Nếu có: phục vụ tối đa bao nhiêu người Average number of visitors per month over the year: chưa hoạt động không có số liệu thống kê Lương khách trung bình qua từng tháng trong năm Jan: no statistics Feb: no statistics Mar: no statistics Apr: no statistics May: no statistics Jun: no statistics Jul: no statistics Aug: no statistics Sep: no statistics Oct: no statistics Nov: no statistics Dec: no statistics 46

48 GUEST SERVICE AND FACILITIES: DỊCH VỤ KHÁCH HÀNG VÀ CÁC TIỆN NGHI Dry cleaning and laundry services: Dịch vụ giặt ủi (giặt bằng nước) và giặt khô Other facilities with water consumption: no Các tiện nghi khác với lượng nước tiêu thụ Yes No How do you generate warm water for the rooms and facilities? By gas or electricity? Centralized or in each room? KS anh/chị tạo ra nước ấm cho các phòng và các tiện nghi bằng: bằng gas hay bằng điện, tập trung hay ở mỗi phòng? Where is your wastewater discharged? Nước thải được thải ra ở đâu? Septic tank without overflow How often is it emptied? Bể tự hoại mà không có ống thoát ra ngoài / Bể tự hoại được hút định kỳ bao nhiêu lần? Septic tank with overflow to sewer system Bể tự hoại với ống dẫn ra hệ thống cống thoát Directly into sewer system Trực tiếp vào hệ thống thoát nước Decentralized wastewater treatment plant Nhà máy xử lý nước thải phi tập trung If you have septic tanks: how many? no Nếu KS anh/chị có bể tự hoại: có bao nhiêu tổng cộng?... Average water consumption per guest per day: 1300 l Lượng nước tiêu thụ trung bình trên mỗi khách mỗi ngày : Water source for irrigating green area: Underground drilling water Nguồn nước tưới cho khu vực cây xanh (gồm cây xanh, thảm cỏ ) 47

49 2. Furama Resort Da Nang, date:19/03/2014 Name of contact person: Do Thị Thuy Nhu Secretary Questionnaire hotels and resorts in Da Nang NAME HOTEL (RESORT): FURAMA RESORT Tên khách sạn: CATEGORY: 5 stars Loại: ADRESS: Vo Nguyen Giap St., Ngu Hanh Son Dist, Da Nang City Địa chỉ Owner: Bac My An Resort Joint Stock Company Chủ đầu tư Total plot area (which belongs to the hotel): 28000m2 Tổng diện tích thuộc khách sạn Total build up area in m2: 8574m2 Tổng diện tích xây dựng Green area belonging to hotel (m2):19426m2 Diện tích cây xanh (gồm cây xanh, thảm cỏ ) thuôc khách sạn RESORT FACILITIES: TIỆN NGHI KHU NGHỈ DƯỠNG Spa: Yes No Spa Swimming pools: Yes No Bể bơi Special facilities (e.g. Water slide): NO Steam room and sauna: Yes No Phòng xông hơi và nhà tắm hơi Cold plunge pool: Yes No Hồ bơi lạnh Hot tub: Yes No Bồn tắm nóng Sport facilities with toilets and shower Thiết bị tập thể dục thể thao với buồng vệ sinh và vòi tắm sen Fitness centre: Yes No Trung tậm thể dục Aerobic room: Yes No Phòng tập aerobic Facilities for Kids: Yes No Thiết bị dành cho trẻ em 48

50 NUMBER OF BEDS Số giường Number of guestrooms (incl. bed rooms, suites): 198 rooms Số lượng phòng khách (bao gồm các phòng ngủ, phòng hạng sang) Occupancy rate: Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan (1): 65% Feb (2): 69% Mar (3): 70% Apr (4): 62% May (5): 53% Jun (6): 79% Jul (7): 89% Aug (8): 80% Sep (9): 61% Oct (10): 53% Nov (11): 51% Dec (12): 57% Number of residences: 0. Số lượng căn hộ Occupancy rate: Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan: 0 Feb: 0 Mar: 0 Apr: 0 May: 0 Jun: 0 Jul: 0 Aug: 0 Sep: 0 Oct: 0 Nov: 0 Dec: 0 Number of villas: 0 Số lượng biệt thự Occupancy rate: Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan (1): 0 Feb (2): 0 Mar (3): 0 Apr (4): 0 May (5): 0 Jun (6): 0 Jul (7): 0 Aug (8): 0 Sep (9): 0 Oct (10): 0 Nov (11): 0 Dec (12): 0 Number of private pools: 0.. Số lượng hồ bơi riêng RESTAURANTS: Yes No Nhà hàng How much restaurants do you have: 5.. Số lượng nhà hàng hiện có 49

51 Restaurants for visitors from outside the hotel: Nhà hàng cho du khách ngoài khách sạn Occupancy rate: bảo mật không cung cấp Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Yes No Jan: no statistics Feb: no statistics Mar: no statistics Apr: no statistics May: no statistics Jun: no statistics Jul: no statistics Aug: no statistics Sep: no statistics Oct: no statistics Nov: no statistics Dec: no statistics Is there more than one kitchen: Nhiều hơn 1 nhà bếp If yes, how many kitchens do you have: 03. Nếu có, có tổng cộng bao nhiêu nhà bếp Yes No what is the capacity: 750 guests công suất phục vụ khách how much kitchen waste do you have per day: 800 kg Bao nhiêu chất thải từ nhà bếp mỗi ngày kg what do you do with the kitchen waste? Contract with URENCO for collecting Khách sạn các anh/chị làm gì với chất thải nhà bếp? are you cooking with gas or electricity Nấu ăn bằng gas hay bằng điện if you cook with gas: what is the average consumption per month: 4000 kg nếu nấu bằng gas: lượng tiêu thụ trung bình mỗi tháng bao nhiêu: SHOPS: Yes No CỬA HÀNG If yes, which kind of shops: Gift Shop... Nếu có. loại cửa hang nào: EVENT SPACE KHÔNG GIAN SỰ KIỆN Ballrooms: Yes No Phòng tiệc, hội nghị If yes, how many guests can be accommodated: 750 Nếu có: phục vụ tối đa nhiêu khách Function (Meeting) rooms: Yes No Phòng họp chức năng If yes, how many guests can be accommodated: 750 Nếu có: phục vụ tối đa bao nhiêu người Average number of visitors per month over the year: Confidential, cannot provide 50

52 GUEST SERVICE AND FACILITIES: DỊCH VỤ KHÁCH HÀNG VÀ CÁC TIỆN NGHI Dry cleaning and laundry services: Dịch vụ giặt ủi (giặt bằng nước) và giặt khô Yes No Other facilities with water consumption: 0. Các tiện nghi khác với lượng nước tiêu thụ How do you generate warm water for the rooms and facilities? By gas or electricity? By Diezed Centralized or in each room? KS anh/chị tạo ra nước ấm cho các phòng và các tiện nghi bằng: bằng gas hay bằng điện, tập trung hay ở mỗi phòng? Where is your wastewater discharged? Nước thải được thải ra ở đâu? Septic tank without overflow How often is it emptied? Bể tự hoại mà không có ống thoát ra ngoài / Bể tự hoại được hút định kỳ bao nhiêu lần? Septic tank with overflow to sewer system Bể tự hoại với ống dẫn ra hệ thống cống thoát Directly into sewer system Trực tiếp vào hệ thống thoát nước Decentralized wastewater treatment plant Nhà máy xử lý nước thải phi tập trung If you have septic tanks: how many? 0 Nếu KS anh/chị có bể tự hoại: có bao nhiêu tổng cộng?... Average water consumption per guest per day: 400litres/ day Lượng nước tiêu thụ trung bình trên mỗi khách mỗi ngày : Water source for irrigating green area: rain water, underground water Nguồn nước tưới cho khu vực cây xanh (gồm cây xanh, thảm cỏ ) 51

53 3. Fusion Maia Resort Da Nang, date:19/03/2014 Name of contact person: Ly Quoc Phong, Technician Quach Van Truong, Manager Mobile: Questionnaire hotels and resorts in Da Nang Bảng câu hỏi dành cho khách sạn và khu nghỉ dưỡng ở Đà Nẵng NAME HOTEL (RESORT): FUSION MAIA Tên khách sạn: CATEGORY: 5 stars Loại: ADRESS: Truong Sa St., Khue My ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang Địa chỉ Owner: 559 Investment Joint Stock Company Chủ đầu tư Total plot area (which belongs to the hotel): 40,010 m2 Tổng diện tích thuộc khách sạn Total build up area in m2: 10,314 m2 Tổng diện tích xây dựng Green area belonging to hotel (m2): m2 Diện tích cây xanh (gồm cây xanh, thảm cỏ ) thuôc khách sạn RESORT FACILITIES: TIỆN NGHI KHU NGHỈ DƯỠNG Spa: Yes No Spa Swimming pools: Yes No Bể bơi Special facilities (e.g. Water slide): không có... Thiết bị đặc biệt (vd: máng trượt nước) Steam room and sauna: Yes No Phòng xông hơi và nhà tắm hơi Cold plunge pool: Yes No Hồ bơi lạnh Hot tub: Yes No Bồn tắm nóng Sport facilities with toilets and shower Thiết bị tập thể dục thể thao với buồng vệ sinh và vòi tắm sen Fitness centre: Yes No Trung tậm thể dục Aerobic room: Yes No Phòng tập aerobic Facilities for Kids: Yes No Thiết bị dành cho trẻ em 52

54 NUMBER OF BEDS Số giường Number of guestrooms (incl. bed rooms, suites): 87 rooms Số lượng phòng khách (bao gồm các phòng ngủ, phòng hạng sang) Occupancy rate: confidential, cannot provide Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan: Feb: Mar: Apr: May: Jun: Jul: Aug: Sep Oct: Nov: Dec Number of residences: 0. Số lượng căn hộ Occupancy rate: Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan: Feb: Mar: Apr: May: Jun: Jul: Aug: Sep Oct: Nov: Dec Number of villas: 3 Số lượng biệt thự Occupancy rate: confidential, cannot provide Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Jan: Feb: Mar: Apr: May: Jun: Jul: Aug: Sep Oct: Nov: Dec Number of private pools: 3.. Số lượng hồ bơi riêng RESTAURANTS: Nhà hàng Yes No 53

55 How much restaurants do you have: 2.. Số lượng nhà hàng hiện có Restaurants for visitors from outside the hotel: Nhà hàng cho du khách ngoài khách sạn Occupancy rate: confidential, cannot provide Tỷ lệ lấp đầy Yes No Is there more than one kitchen: Nhiều hơn 1 nhà bếp If yes, how many kitchens do you have: 02. Nếu có, có tổng cộng bao nhiêu nhà bếp Yes No what is the capacity: 350 guests công suất phục vụ khách how much kitchen waste do you have per day: 200 kg Bao nhiêu chất thải từ nhà bếp mỗi ngày what do you do with the kitchen waste? Cty Môi trường đô thị thu gom Khách sạn các anh/chị làm gì với chất thải nhà bếp? are you cooking with gas or electricity Nấu ăn bằng gas hay bằng điện if you cook with gas: what is the average consumption per month: 2000 kg nếu nấu bằng gas: lượng tiêu thụ trung bình mỗi tháng bao nhiêu: SHOPS: Yes No CỬA HÀNG If yes, which kind of shops: souvenir shop... Nếu có. loại cửa hang nào: EVENT SPACE KHÔNG GIAN SỰ KIỆN Ballrooms: Yes No Phòng tiệc, hội nghị If yes, how many guests can be accommodated: 150 Nếu có: phục vụ tối đa nhiêu khách Function (Meeting) rooms: Yes No Phòng họp chức năng If yes, how many guests can be accommodated: 150 Nếu có: phục vụ tối đa bao nhiêu người Average number of visitors per month over the year: no statistics Lương khách trung bình qua từng tháng trong năm 54