WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR INLAND NAVIGATION ON THE DANUBE

Transcription

1 WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR INLAND NAVIGATION ON THE DANUBE Title of Report: Status Report National Framework Serbia Work Package 3: Elaborating Ship Waste Management Concepts Activity 3.1: Defining a Common Frame Work Concept Output No: 3.9 Work Package Leader/ Organisation: Dr. Ernö Pal, KTI Activity Leader/ Organisation: Dr. Ernö Pal, KTI Author/Organisation: Maja Jovanovic Author/Organisation: Dusko Isakovic Author/Organisation: Ivan Mitrovic Preparation of Document: October 2009 Version: 01 Draft version

2 TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF ABREVIATIONS...4 (I) GENERAL INFORMATION...5 (I 1) INTRODUCTION TO COUNTRY...5 (I 2) LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY...6 (I 3) INTRODUCTION TO RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES...8 (I 3 1) Highest Governmental Authorities in charge of Inland Navigation, Water Management, and Environment Protection...8 (I 3 2) Other Governmental Authorities responsible of Inland Navigation, Water Management, and Environment Protection...8 (I 4) INTRODUCTION TO PORTS, SHIPPING COMPANIES AND BASIC SHIPPING DATA...12 (I 4 1) Ports...12 (I 4 2) Shipping Companies...14 (I 4 3) Basic Shipping Data...15 (II) NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK...16 (II 1) REGULATIONS ON INLAND NAVIGATION...16 (II 2) REGULATIONS ON ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION...16 (II 3) REGULATIONS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT...17 (II 4) REGULATIONS ON WATER MANAGEMENT...17 (III) SHIPPING PROCEDURES, FLOW OF GOODS AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS...18 (III 1) DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES...18 (III 1 1) Transshipment Methods and Equipment...18 (III 1 2) Transshipment Methods and Equipment on Serbian Ports...21 (III 2) INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS...23 (III 2 1) Ports...24 (III 2 2) Navigation locks...31 (III 3) STATISTICS ON CAPACITY AND VOLUME OF TRANSPORT ON IWW IN SERBIA...33 (IV) WASTE RELATED PROCEDURES, PROCESSES AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS...36 LITERATURE...38 Page 2/38

3 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: BASIC DATA ON PORTS ON THE DANUBE RIVER IN SERBIA...13 TABLE 2: NUMBER OF REGISTERED VESSELS (END OF 2007)...15 TABLE 3: FREIGHT TRANSPORT (END OF 2007)...15 TABLE 4: TRANS SHIPMENT METHODS ACCORDING TO CARGO TYPES...18 TABLE 5: OUTPUT OF PORT TRANS SHIPMENT AQUIPMENT...19 TABLE 6: TYPES OF STORAGE FACILITIES...20 TABLE 7: CARRYING CAPACITY OF TRANSPORT ( )...33 TABLE 8: PHYSICAL VOLUME INDEX OF INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT ( )...33 TABLE 9: GOODS TRAFFIC AT RIVER PORTS ( )...33 TABLE 10: EXPORT THROUGH RIVER PORTS IN SERBIA BY COMMODITIES ( )...34 TABLE 11: IMPORT THROUGH RIVER PORTS IN SERBIA BY COMMODITIES ( )...34 TABLE 12: TRANSIT THROUGH RIVER PORTS IN SERBIA BY COMMODITIES ( )...35 TABLE 13: EXPORT AND IMPORT THROUGH SERBIAN PORTS BY COUNTRIES OF UNLOADING AND LOADING (2006)...35 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: DANUBEAN COUNTRIES...6 FIGURE 2: SAVA CONFLUENCE FIGURE 3: KAZAN WHERE DANUBE RIVER IS DEEPEST...7 FIGURE 4: BEZDAN...7 FIGURE 5: DONJI MILANOVAC...7 FIGURE 6: PLOVPUT HEADQUARTERS IN BELGRADE FIGURE 7: PLOVPUT S FLEET IN MAKIS BASE...9 FIGURE 8: IRON GATE NAVIGATION LOCK...10 FIGURE 9: PORTS ON THE DANUBE RIVER IN SERBIA...12 FIGURE 10: PORT OF BELGRADE...13 FIGURE 11: PORT OF APATIN FIGURE 12: PORT OF BACKA PALANKA...21 FIGURE 13: PORT OF NOVI SAD...21 FIGURE 14: PORT OF BELGRADE FIGURE 15: PORT OF PANCEVO FIGURE 16: PORT OF SMEDEREVO...22 FIGURE 17: PORT OF PRAHOVO...22 FIGURE 18: PORT OF APATIN...24 FIGURE 19: PORT OF APATIN...24 FIGURE 20: PORT OF BACKA PALANKA FIGURE 21: PORT OF BACKA PALANKA FIGURE 22: PORT OF NOVI SAD...26 FIGURE 23: PORT OF NOVI SAD FIGURE 24: PORT OF BELGRADE...27 FIGURE 25: PORT OF BELGRADE FIGURE 26: PORT OF PANCEVO FIGURE 27: PORT OF PANCEVO FIGURE 28: PORT OF SMEDEREVO...29 FIGURE 29: PORT OF SMEDEREVO FIGURE 30: PORT OF PRAHOVO FIGURE 31: PORT OF PRAHOVO...30 FIGURE 32: DJERDAP GORGE...31 FIGURE 33: DJERDAP HYDRO POWER PLANT...31 FIGURE 34: IRON GATE I NAVIGATION LOCK...31 FIGURE 35: IRON GATE II NAVIGATION LOCK...31 FIGURE 36: WASTE CAUSED BY INLAND NAVIGATION...36 Page 3/38

4 LIST OF ABREVIATIONS EC EEA EIONET DTD GDP GIS HEPP ICPDR IWW RS RSD SEPA European Commission European Environmental Agency European Environment Information and Observation Network Danube Tisza Danube Gross Domestic Product Geographic information system Hydro power plant International Commission for the Protection of the Danube Inland waterways Republic of Serbia Dinar Official monetary unit in Serbia Serbian Environmental Protection Agency Page 4/38

5 (I) GENERAL INFORMATION This part of a report contains introduction to the country, information on geography and location, introduction to responsible national authorities, as well as basic info on ports, shipping companies and some statistics on inland navigation. (I 1) INTRODUCTION TO COUNTRY Name Republic of Serbia AREA & CAPITAL Area Capital Major cities 88,361 sq km Belgrade Novi Sad, Nis, Kragujevac CLIMATE In the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland PEOPLE Population 7.5 million (2002 population census) Ethnic groups Serbian 83%, Hungarian 4%, Bosnian 2%, Albanian 1%, Montenegrin 1%, other 9% (2002 population census) Religions Orthodox 85%, Roman Catholic 5.5%, Muslim 3%, Protestant 1%, other 5.5% (2002 population census) Languages Serbian 88%, Hungarian 3.8%, Bosnian 2%, Albanian 1%, others 5% Life expectancy 71 years (men), 76 years (women) ECONOMY GDP $ 45.0 billion (2008) GDP growth rate 5.4% (2008) GDP per capita $ 6,782 (2008) Inflation rate 6.8% (2008) Exports $ 11 billion (2008) Major markets Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Germany, Italy Imports $ 23 billion (2008) Major suppliers Russia, Germany, Italy, China Monetary unit RSD = 100 paras National flag of Serbia Page 5/38

6 (I 2) LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The Republic of Serbia is located at the crossroads between Central, Southern and Eastern Europe, between the Balkan Peninsula and the Pannonian Plain. Serbia offers an outstanding potential when river transportation is concerned. Although landlocked, there are around 2000 km of navigable rivers and canals, the largest of which are: Danube, Sava, Tisza, all of which connect Serbia with Northern and Western Europe (through the Rhine Main Danube Canal North Sea route), as well as with Eastern Europe (via the Tisa, Timis, Begej and Danube Black Sea routes) and with Southern Europe (via the Sava river). The two largest Serbian cities Belgrade capital of Serbia (with a population of 1.6 million) and Novi Sad (with a population of ), as well as Smederevo (with a population of ) are major regional Danubian harbors. The Danube is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga. The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the Brigach and Breg rivers which join at the town Donaueschingen in Germany, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance of 2850 km, passing through four European capitals, before emptying into the Black Sea in Romania and Ukraine. Figure 1: Danubean countries The total length of the navigable network of the Danube basin is about km and comprises the Danube, its tributaries with branches as well as canals. The most important are: Cerna Voda Constanza canal in Romania, the Sava, the Tisza, the Drava and the network of navigable canals Danube Tisza Danube (DTD) in Serbia. As a Pan European "Corridor VII", the Danube is an important transport route. The waterway is designed for large scale inland vessels ( m) but it can carry Page 6/38

7 much larger vessels. The Danube has been partly canalized in Germany (5 locks) and Austria (10 locks). Further proposals to build a number of new locks in order to improve navigation have not progressed, due in part to environmental concerns. Downstream from the Freudenau river plant's locks in Vienna, canalization of the Danube was limited to the Gabcíkovo dam and locks near Bratislava and two double Iron Gate locks (Iron Gate I and Iron Gate II) at the border stretch of the Danube between Serbia and Romania. Downstream of the Iron Gate, the river is free flowing all the way to the Black Sea, with a stretch of more than 860 kilometers long. Figure 2: Sava Confluence Figure 3: Kazan Where Danube River is Deepest Figure 4: Bezdan Figure 5: Donji Milanovac The stretch of the Danube River in Serbia (from Bezdan to Timok) is 588 km long, km of which is a border line with Croatia, and km is a border line with Romania. By performing large regulation works on what once used to be a natural flow of the river, navigation was secured in line with the recommendations of the Danube Commission. Page 7/38

8 (I 3) INTRODUCTION TO RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES There are two groups of authorities: highest (including ministries) and other authorities. (I 3 1) Highest Governmental Authorities in charge of Inland Navigation, Water Management, and Environment Protection There are numerous governmental organizations as well as services provided by nongovernmental institutions being of utmost relevance for the proper functioning of the inland navigation system. The highest responsible authorities are: Ministry of Infrastructure, Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water management, and Secretariat for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of Vojvodina Province. Ministry of Infrastructure is responsible for strategy development and enforcement concerning: transportation and traffic infrastructure. Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning is responsible for strategy and policy development and enforcement concerning: Urban planning, spatial planning and housing, construction, investment and land, planning and management, protection of nature, protection of natural resources, European integration, international cooperation and harmonization of regulations, as well as control and supervision. 1 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management is responsible for strategy and policy development and enforcement concerning, among other things, protection of water resources. Secretariat for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of Vojvodina Province is independent administrative body, established in March 2002, with a large number of responsibilities concerning environmental protection like: crating environmental protection and development program for Vojvodina province, environmental monitoring, providing information system for environmental protection and development, etc. (I 3 2) Other Governmental Authorities responsible of Inland Navigation, Water Management, and Environment Protection The following governmental organizations and services of public interest are relevant for the project: Port Authorities, Jugoregistar, Directorate for Inland Waterways Plovput, River police, Customs, Iron Gate HEPP, Serbian Environmental Protection 1 Law on Ministries (2008), Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia 65/08 Page 8/38

9 Agency (SEPA), Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, and Environmental Protection Fund. Port Authorities Kapetanije are regional offices of the Ministry of Infrastructure. Port Authorities perform administrative and other professional tasks in the field of inland waterway traffic ensuring the safety of navigation along the respective river sector within their responsibility. There are 9 Port Authority Offices along the Danube, located in Bezdan, Apatin, Novi Sad, Beograd, Pancevo, Smederevo, Veliko Gradiste, Kladovo and Prahovo. Jugoregistar is the administrative institution which performs activities of public interest as follows: establishing the fitness for navigation of ships belonging to the merchant marine by performing the technical survey during on ships; establishing the safety of gear for loading the cargo into the ship or discharging from the ship; tonnage measurement of ships; issuing the documents to ships as empowered by the law; establishing the technical conditions for types of machinery, engines, equipment and materials that are installed into ships or serve to keep the fitness for navigation of ships; following and studying the causes of accidents of ships caused by malfunctioning or shortcomings of the construction of hull, engines, machinery and equipment which is serving for the safety of navigation. Directorate for Inland Waterways Plovput performs professional works and activities of state administration dealing with maintaining of navigability and marking of inland waterways, research and production of design documentation in the field of safety of navigation and regulation works on river courses, hydrographic surveys, river training works on inland waterways, introduction and development of river information services, etc. Figure 6: Plovput Headquarters in Belgrade Figure 7: Plovput s Fleet in Makis Base River police and special police forces (gendarmerie), as well as border police, are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior and take care of the safety protection in the Republic of Serbia, of persons and goods, abiding by traffic rules on waterways and safety and protection of the state border from illegal crossing and smuggling along the waterways. Also, there is fire fighting unit operating on the IW Page 9/38

10 network and having an adequate vessel MS Vatrogasac being capable to extinguish fire on floating objects and facilities in direct vicinity of river banks. This special ship is also equipped for some other rescue, salvage and salvage support actions. Customs administration is organized under the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Serbia. Customs services are performed over the Central Customs Administration located in Belgrade as well as by its regional customs offices in Bezdan, Apatin, Backa Palanka, Novi Sad, Beograd, Pancevo, Smederevo, Veliko Gradiste, Kladovo and Prahovo. The river locks at hydro electric power plants Iron Gate 1 (Danube km 943) and Iron Gate 2 (km 864) are the only locks at the Serbian section of the Danube. There are two identical double stage locks, one on Romanian and one on Serbian side. Each chamber is 34 m wide and has 310 m usable length. Total lockage time is about one and a half hour due to a double stage operation. The Iron Gate 2, put in operation in 1984, is non symmetrical: there is a river island on the Romanian side of the border which is cut by navigational canal with two parallel Romanian lock chambers. The larger chamber corresponds to the size of those on Iron Gate 1while the smaller one measures 140 x 14 m. The lock on the Serbian river arm on the main course of the river has only one large chamber 310 x 34 m. Figure 8: Iron Gate navigation lock Page 10/38

11 Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) located in Belgrade, performs activities as follows: development, regulation and maintenance of the national information system for environmental protection; environmental data acquisition, centralization and processing, reporting about the state of the environment and policy; development of the procedures for environmental data processing and evaluation information management about best available techniques and their implementation in the field of environmental protection; cooperation with the European Environmental Agency (EEA) and European Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET). Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia is governmental organization located in Belgrade. It performs activities on collecting habitat and species data, storing the data in database, creating GIS layers with detail distribution for habitats, plant and animal species etc. Page 11/38

12 (I 4) INTRODUCTION TO PORTS, SHIPPING COMPANIES AND BASIC SHIPPING DATA This part of a report gives basic data on ports and shipping companies operating in Serbia, as well as some basic statistics. (I 4 1) Ports Ports on the Danube River in Serbia are: Apatin, Bogojevo, Backa Palanka, Beocin, Novi Sad, Belgrade, Pancevo, Smederevo, Kladovo, and Prahovo. 2 Location of ports is shown on the Map 2. Figure 9: Ports on the Danube River in Serbia 2 Page 12/38

13 Some basic data on ports are summarized in the Table 1. More detailed info on capacity and services for each port is given in the Chapter III of the report. Table 1: Basic data on ports on the Danube River in Serbia Port Km Bank Total area (m 2 ) No. of Basins Water depth (m) No. of Betrhs Winter Harbour Apatin Left NA 10 yes Bogojevo Left Backa Palanka Left yes Beocin Right Novi Sad Left yes Belgrade Right (min) 4 NA yes Pancevo Left yes Smederevo (old) Right 1 2 Smederevo (new) Right yes Kladovo 933 Right Prahovo 861 Right yes Source: Figure 10: Port of Belgrade Page 13/38

14 (I 4 2) Shipping Companies The following commercial organizations have been identified to be relevant for the project: Yugoslavian River Shipment Jugoslovensko recno brodarstvo (JRB), Belgrade The activities include but are not limited to: transportation of combined merchandise, containers and special extra cargo, merchandise packed in bales, passenger transportation. Holding Dunav Grupa It is the owner of Heroj Pinki (Novi Sad), BBP Shipping and Dredging Company (Belgrade), Napredak (Apatin), and Brodarstvo (Zrenjanin). Heroj Pinki, Novi Sad The activities include but are not limited to: transport of all kinds of cargo (general, bulk, liquid and container cargo), tug vessels icebreakers, dredging. BBP Shipping and Dredging Company, Belgrade The activities include but are not limited to: transport of dry goods, dredging, RoRo transport. Brodarstvo Krajina, Prahovo The activities include but are not limited to: transport of cargo, tug vessels icebreakers. RTD d.o.o. Commercial operator in Belgrade with fleet of passenger vessels. DTSG Donau Tankschiffahrts G.M.B.H. Freight forwarder for liquid goods, white derivates, black derivates, chemicals and dangerous goods. Kamenko Gagrcin Sombor The activities include but are not limited to: transport of all kinds of cargo, especially gravel. It has a fleet of 18 vessels, with total capacity of 12,000t Page 14/38

15 (I 4 3) Basic Shipping Data The inland fleet, used for transport of passengers and cargo, holds of great capacities. Total of 705 vessels were registered in the Republic of Serbia at the end of The fleet and freight transport in Serbia is presented in Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2: Number of registered vessels (end of 2007) Tugs 95 Push tugs 60 Self propelled barges 96 Tankers 12 Dumb barges 132 Dumb tankers 40 Pushed barges 270 Total 705 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334 Table 3: Freight transport (end of 2007) Cargo vessels Total 1) Carrying capacity, thousand s tones Transport of goods, thousands of tones Total National transport Exports Imports Transit Traffic between foreign ports 1) Tonkilometers, million ,379 4, ,584 1) Total number of freight ships refers to stock situation, but not to the registered ships number, technically ready for sailing Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334 Page 15/38

16 (II) NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK Legal framework in Serbia consists of regulations on inland navigation, environment protection, waste management, and water management. (II 1) REGULATIONS ON INLAND NAVIGATION As to Inland Navigation in the Republic of Serbia is in force LАW ON INLAND NAVIGATION (Official Gazette SRS 54/90, Official Gazette RS 53/93, 67/93, 48/94,101/2005). This low complies with the international or interstate regimes of navigation, as well as the navigation on IWWs which flow through two or more states, or forms a border between two or more states; basic terms of navigation on the Danube apply, adopted by the Danube Commission on the 48th session, held on 25th of April, 1990 in Budapest. There are also some other laws in force that regulates Inland navigation such as: Law on maritime and inland navigation (Official Gazette SRJ 12/98, 44/99, 74/99, 73/00) Directive that regulates conditions that must be complied with by ports designated for international waterborne traffic (Official Gazette RS 28/98) Directive that regulates conditions under which foreign ships are allowed to navigate on waterways in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia so they can enter Yugoslavian port open for international traffic (Official Gazette SRJ 5/98) Regulations on Navigation on Inland waterways (Official Gazette SFRJ 22/77, 13,82, 30/85, 80/89 i 29/90) Convention regarding the Regime of navigation on the Danube (Belgrade 1948) Convention on Co operation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River (Sofia 1994) (II 2) REGULATIONS ON ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION In July 2003, the Serbian Government adopted the first Action Plan for the Approximation of Domestic Laws with the Acquis Communautaire. An update of the Action Plan has been formally adopted by the Government every year since then. Importantly, a new legal framework for environmental protection was introduced in 2004 through the enactment of the following new laws: Law on Environmental Protection (Official Gazette RS 135/04), Law on Environmental Impact Assessment (Official Gazette RS 135/04), Law on Strategic Impact Assessment (Official Gazette RS 135/04), Law on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) (Official Gazette RS 135/04). These laws are fully harmonized with the EU Directives on Environmental Impact Assessment, Strategic Impact Assessment, IPPC, and Public Participation such as: Page 16/38

17 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 97/11/EC of 3 March 1997 amending DIRECTIVE 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment, DIRECTIVE 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC, Council Directive 90/313/EEC of 7 June 1990 on the freedom of access to information on the environment (II 3) REGULATIONS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste management in Serbia is regulated through the following regulations: Law on ratification of Basel convention on the control of the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal (1999) Law on waste handling (1996) Regulations on determining the location and operations of waste disposal sites (1992) (II 4) REGULATIONS ON WATER MANAGEMENT As to water management the most important is LАW ON WATERS (Official Gazette RS 46/91, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 54/96, 101/05) along with the WATER MASTER PLAN OF SERBIA (2001) that defines water policy in the Republic of Serbia. Apart from them, there are also some other laws that regulate the matter in the field of water management, such as: Water Regime Law (Official Gazette SRJ 54/98), Law on Utilization and Protection Water Resources (Official Gazette SRJ 27/77, 24/85, 29/88, 49/89, Official Gazette 46/91) Water Master Plan of Serbia (2001) Page 17/38

18 (III) SHIPPING PROCEDURES, FLOW OF GOODS AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS This part of report contains information on shipping procedures, infrastructure components and its capacities in the Republic of Serbia. (III 1) DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES After successful announcement, registration and anchorage of a vessel in port, customs service is required for a vessel which enters or leaves country. The next step in shipping procedure is a task for Service of coastal load/unload which has to create the delivery order. Port's authority (officials) is responsible for a trans shipment plan in accordance with the delivery order. As soon as the plan is completed trans shipment procedures can commence. In processes of loading/unloading of cargo, it is essential to follow closely captain's instructions concerning safety of passengers, equipment and cargo as well as instructions for cargo distribution. All trans shipment procedures are performed in accordance with the Law on maritime and inland navigation (Official Gazette SRJ 12/98, 44/99,74/99, 73/00). (III 1 1) Transshipment Methods and Equipment In the transport sector usually, goods are classified to sector and industry, the processing stage of the goods or according to their aggregate status. The classification of goods presented in Table 4 and Table 5 is based on trans shipment methods and composition of the cargo, whereby differentiation is made between general cargo and bulk cargo. Table 4: Trans shipment methods according to cargo types General Cargo Heterogeneous Cargo Bulk Cargo Break bulk incl. paper rolls and containers Bulk Cargo incl. coals, ores and grain Ro/Ro Hooks, grabbers, spreaders Ro/Ro Grabbers Suction equipment Trans shipment Source: Manual on Danube Navigation, via donau, 2007, p. 57 Liquid Cargo incl. fuels, derivates and chemicals Pumps Page 18/38

19 Table 5: Output of port trans shipment aquipment Lifting and slewing crane up to 15t Lifting and slewing crane up to 30t Gantry crane (bridge)up to 40t Grab operation 120 t/h 160 t/h 200 t/h Hook operation 80 t/h 100 t/h 120 t/h General cargo 40 t/h 50 t/h 60 t/h Spreader 15 Container/h 25 Container/h Source: Manual on Danube Navigation, via donau, 2007, p. 57 Gantry Crane Gantry cranes are primarily used to trans ship containers, but can also be used for other goods, such as metals and coals. Capacity comes to approximately 25 containers by using a spreader. Luffing and Slewing Crane A luffing and slewing crane is a universally used transhipment crane and is suited for transshipping goods with hoods or grabbers. Procurement costs are significantly less then those of a bridge crane. Mobile Crane Mounted on rubber tyres, mobile cranes can be moved easily in the port area; they are flexible and can be used to trans ship different cargo. Performance lays below that of specialized cranes. Ro/Ro Ramps Trans shipping roll on/roll off units requires the ports to have ramp equipment. Numerous Danube ports are equipped with Ro/Ro ramps. Suction and Pumping Equipment: Trans shipping Liquid Goods Special suction and pumping equipment is used for trans shipping liquid goods. This equipment, so called fillers, are docked onto the tanker ship using a swinging arm and the cargo is pumped directly into storage tanks or waiting railway cars or trucks, and vice versa, tankers are filled from the warehouse. Since the majority of liquid goods are classified as dangerous goods, tank loading areas are subject to stringent safety standards. Covered Trans shipment Trans shipping goods in a covered building that is cantilevered over the water and protected along the sides from the rain allows wetness sensitive goods, such as Page 19/38

20 magnesite, steel cylinders or fertilisers, to be manoeuvred regardless of the weather. Ideally the vessel can enter the building completely. Trans shipment of Heavy Goods Special port infrastructure, the appropriate logistics and trans shipment equipment, such as pallets for heavy goods and special cranes, are required for trans shipping heavy goods. In open sea ports, trans shipment's from inland navigation vessels to sea going vessels and vice versa are often carried out using a floating crane. Conveying and Lifting Machinery Continuous conveyor belts also used in the trans shipment of cargo, for example for loading and unloading inland navigation vessels with grain. The company Liebherr constructed a new stacker with a curved stretching arm at the beginning of With this construction, containers can be loaded and unloaded directly from the inland navigation vessel. Forklifts are also used for manoeuvring containers laterally, in addition to reach stackers. For a host of products, such as log wood, paper cylinders, coils, etc. Special equipment, such as clamps or grippers, is required to ensure the efficient and damage free trans shipment of cargo. Types of Warehouses Warehouses are taking on increased importance as a consequence of the modernization of commercial logistics, for example as a distribution warehouse offering more added values thanks to supplemental services, such as assembling. Depending on the intended purpose, there are three different kinds of warehouses: storage warehouses, trans shipment and distribution warehouses. As regards construction, there are open storage facilities, covered storage facilities and special purpose storage facilities. Table 6: Types of storage facilities Function Storage Warehouse Construction Open Storage for bulk cargo, gravel Trans shipment Warehouse Ore Covered Sulphur, salt Paper cylinders Car tyres Special function Soil for grain Bentonite Car silo Source: Manual on Danube Navigation, via donau, 2007, p. 65 Distribution Warehouse Warehouse for bulk cargo and container yards Page 20/38

21 Storing Bulk Goods A few inland ports have modern storage facilities and boxes for bulk goods. These boxes have a special roof construction with a wide opening, enabling the cargo to be unloaded directly from the vessel to the storage facility by crane. Each box can contain one type of raw material. (III 1 2) Transshipment Methods and Equipment on Serbian Ports Apatin (gantry cranes: 1, capacity: 1 t, mobile cranes: 1, capacity: 50t, fork lifters: 1(<3t), trucks: 3, other: 3 wheel loaders, 2 bulldozers, 1 crawling excavator, transshipment capacity: general cargo: t, bulk cargo: t/h) Figure 11: Port of Apatin Figure 12: Port of Backa Palanka Backa Palanka (gantry cranes: 1, capacity: 6.12t, fork lifters: 1(<3t), other: 3 wheelloaders, trans shipment capacity: general cargo: 25 t/h, bulk cargo: 100 t/h) Novi Sad (gantry cranes: 4, capacity: 2x5, 1x6 12, 1x16 27 t, fork lifters: (3 5t), 6x3t, (>5t) 2x12.5t, other: 2 tractors, 7 bulldozers, 3x3 m 3,2x0.7 m 3 loading equipment, trans shipment capacity: general cargo: 5 items/h, bulk cargo: 100t/h, containers: 12 TEU/h) Figure 13: Port of Novi Sad Figure 14: Port of Belgrade Page 21/38

22 Belgrade (gantry cranes: 10, capacity: 6 t, other cranes: 1 bridge crane, capacity: 50/20 t, 1 bridge crane, capacity: 16/8 t, fork lifters: 41 (<3 t), (>5 t) 8 (2x12.5t), reach stackers: 1, trucks: 2, cisterns: 2, other: 2 motor hoists (12 40 t), covered water trans shipment, trans shipment capacity: general cargo: 1500 t/h, bulk cargo: 1000 t/h, containers: TEU/year) Pancevo (gantry cranes: 3, capacity: t, 5 mobile cranes, capacity: t, 1 floating crane, capacity: 5 t, other cranes: 2 tower cranes, capacity: 8 16 t, forklifters: 12 (<3 t), 3(3 5 t), 5 (>5 t), trucks: 3, cisterns: 14, semi trailers: 11, other: 15 trailers, 3 buses, 7 dredgers, trans shipment capacity: general cargo: 200 t/h, bulk cargo: 1000 t/h, containers: 50 TEU/h) Figure 15: Port of Pancevo Figure 16: Port of Smederevo Smederevo (gantry cranes: 1, capacity: 1 t, mobile cranes: 2, capacity: 10 t, floating cranes: 2, capacity: 5 t and 16 t, trans shipment capacity: general cargo: 185 t/h, bulk cargo: 165 t/h) Prahovo (gantry cranes: 4, capacity: 1 t, 5 t, 6 t, 10 t, fork lifters: 1(<3 t), other: 1 tractor, transhipment capacity: general cargo: t/h, bulk cargo: 400 t/h) Figure 17: Port of Prahovo Page 22/38

23 (III 2) INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS Danube is regarded as a natural navigable route, which has been regulated for navigation for centuries. The remains of the specially constructed boardwalks on the river bank, which was used for tugging the boats with cattle or men power, over 2000 years old, could be seen in the stones of Djerdap, up to the level of the rise of Accumulation Lake. With introducing the use of steam ships, and their intensive use on the Danube in the second half of the 19th century, the importance of regulating and sorting of the IWWs increased, in the sense that larger ships were directed to navigate in the mid part of the river, and the smaller ones nearer to the river banks. (During that period the importance of the Danube for international navigation has been confirmed. The works on regulating of complicated parts of the river started, including the Djerdap region, for the ships navigating with self propellers, and not only for upstream tuggers.but, only in the 20th century along the Danube, the necessary multi regulations have been performed, in accordance to hydraulicity, hydro engineering and transport interests of certain Danube countries. Multifunctional dams were constructed and accumulation lakes were formed in order to use the exisiting hydro energetic potential. From 1996 to 2000, on the part of the Danube from Bad Abaha at Regensburg to Prahovo, on the total length of km, 17 multifanctional dams with locks have been constructed and accumulation lakes were formed on locations which were once the most difficult sectors for navigating. On the part from Kelheim to Vienna, a total of 14 dams have been constructed, for hydro plants and for the need of improving the navigation. Only at the sectors which did not have the conditions for the hydro plants to be constructed on them, regulatory works were performed for securing deeper depths during periods of low waters, but the effects were not satisfactory. The necessary navigability was not reached on a couple of spots at the Hungarian Slovakian, Bulgarian Romanian, and Romanian sector of the Danube. Also, massive works for deepening the river bed and the Danube fairway were accomplished by dredging the gravel and sand for the needs of architecture. As per the data collected, in the period , a total of some 400 million tons of sand and gravel was dredged from the Danube river bed, meaning the fairway was deepened by 3 m at the width of 200 m and the length of 400 km, i.e. it was deepened for 1 m at the width of 200 m and the length of about km. Even though the dredging of the sand and gravel was not performed only on the part of the river where the fairway is located, but also from the river bed, the positive effects of those works on the navigability are immeasurable, as well as are the benefits for the economy related to the waters of deepening and cleaning the river bed. Page 23/38

24 (III 2 1) Ports There are 10 ports on the Danube River in Serbia. Those are: Apatin, Bogojevo, Backa Palanka, Beocin, Novi Sad, Belgrade, Pancevo, Smederevo, Kladovo, and Prahovo. (III 2 1 1) Port of Apatin PORT INFORAMTION Location: km Bank: left Total area: m 2 No. of basins: 2 Water depth: NA Permissible draught: 3m No. of berths: 10 Operational shore zone: Length of quay: 180m Vertical: 180m Winter harbour CONNECTION Railway Road TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 1 Mobile cranes: 1 TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: t/h General cargo: t/h STORAGE FACILITIES Open storage: m 2 ADDITIONAL SERVICES Bridge scales, Shipyard, Customs office Lifting capacity 1t Lifting capacity 50t MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Waste disposal Bilge/water disposal Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water Figure 18: Port of Apatin Figure 19: Port of Apatin Page 24/38

25 (III 2 1 2) Port of Backa Palanka PORT INFORAMTION Location: km Bank: left Total area: 1,168, 000 m 2 No. of basins: 1 Water depth: 3m Permissible draught: 2.5m No. of berths: 1 Operational shore zone: 5,000 2 Length of quay: 50m Winter harbour: 7,000 m 2 CONNECTION Road TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 1 Lifting capacity 6.12t TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 100 t/h General cargo: 25 t/h STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 1,000 m 2 Open storage: 12,000 m 2 Customs storage: 500 m 2 MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Waste disposal: 12 m 2 Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water Figure 20: Port of Backa Palanka Figure 21: Port of Backa Palanka Page 25/38

26 (III 2 1 3) Port of Novi Sad PORT INFORAMTION Location: km Bank: left Total area: 350, 000 m 2 No. of basins: 6 Water depth: 4m Permissible draught: 8m No. of berths: 36 Operational shore zone: 10,000 2 Length of quay: 800m Vertical: 126m Winter harbour: 63,900 m 2 CONNECTION Railway Road TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 4 Fork lifters: 6 x 3t, 2 x 12.5t Lifting capacity 2 x 5, 1 x 6 12, 1 x 16 27t TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 100 t/h General cargo: 5 t/h Containers: 12 TEU/h STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 40,000 m 2 Open storage: 45,000 m 2 Customs storage: 4,800 m 2 MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water Figure 22: Port of Novi Sad Figure 23: Port of Novi Sad Page 26/38

27 (III 2 1 4) Port of Belgrade PORT INFORAMTION Location: km Bank: right Total area: 1,000,000 m 2 No. of basins: 1 Water depth: 4m Permissible draught: 3m No. of berths: NA Operational shore zone: 940 m 2 Length of quay: 3,643m Vertical: 338m Winter harbour: for vessels CONNECTION Railway Road distance to highway 5km Passenger terminal: 90m 2 TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 10 Lifting capacity 6t Bridge crane: 2 Lifting capacity 50/20t, 16/8t Fork lifters: 8 (5 14t) TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 1,000 t/h General cargo: 1,500 t/h Containers: 12,000 TEU/year STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 300,000 m 2 Racks: 4,000 m 2 Open storage: 650,000 m 2 Storage for hazardous materials: 900 m2 Customs storage: 21,000 m 2 Free port zone: 5,000 m 2 MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water Figure 24: Port of Belgrade Figure 25: Port of Belgrade Page 27/38

28 (III 2 1 5) Port of Pancevo PORT INFORAMTION Location: km Bank: left Total area: 2,400,000 m 2 No. of basins: 1 Water depth: 5m Permissible draught: 3.8m No. of berths: 9 Operational shore zone: 760 m 2 Length of quay: 760m Vertical: 760m Winter harbour: 210,000 m 2 CONNECTION Railway Road TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 3 Lifting capacity 20 27t Mobile cranes: 5 Lifting capacity t Floating cranes: 1 Lifting capacity 5t Fork lifters: (<3 t): 12, (3 5 t): 3, (>5 t): 5 TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 1,000 t/h General cargo: 200 t/h Containers: 50 TEU/h STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 40,000 m 2 Open storage: 200,000 m 2 Special storage: 2,700 m 2 Customs storage: 2,700 m 2 Free port zone: 18,820 m 2 FURTHER TRANSHIPMENT DEVICES Liquid cargo terminal, Conveyor belt, Ro Ro ramps for cars, trucks and rail wagons, Lumber stackers: 2, Paper clamps: 1 MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Waste disposal, Bilge/water disposal Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water Figure 26: Port of Pancevo Figure 27: Port of Pancevo Page 28/38

29 (III 2 1 6) Port of Smederevo PORT INFORAMTION Location: km Bank: right Total area: 31,000 m 2 No. of basins: 1+1 Water depth: 8m Permissible draught: 5m No. of berths: 2+2 Operational shore zone: m 2 Length of quay: NA Winter harbour CONNECTION Railway Road Passenger terminal: 500m 2 TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 1 Lifting capacity 1t Mobile cranes: 2 Lifting capacity 10t Floating cranes: 2 Lifting capacity 5 6t TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 165 t/h General cargo: 185 t/h STORAGE FACILITIES Covered storage: 500 m 2 Racks Open storage: 30,000 m 2 Customs storage: 500 m 2 MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water Figure 28: Port of Smederevo Figure 29: Port of Smederevo Page 29/38

30 (III 2 1 7) Port of Prahovo PORT INFORAMTION Location: km 861 Bank: right Total area: 70,473 m 2 No. of basins: 1 Water depth: 4 5m Permissible draught: 2.7m No. of berths: 7 Length of quay: 560m Vertical: 320m Sloped: 240m Winter harbour CONNECTION Railway Road TRANSHIPMENT FACILITIES Gantry cranes: 4 Fork lifters: (<3 t): 1 Lifting capacity 1t, 5t, 6, 10t TRANSHIPMENT CAPACITY Bulk cargo: 165 t/h General cargo: 185 t/h STORAGE FACILITIES Open storage: 2,000 m 2 Customs storage: 800 m 2 Free port zone MAINTENANCE AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES Maintenance facilities on quay: electricity, fresh water Figure 30: Port of Prahovo Figure 31: Port of Prahovo Page 30/38

31 (III 2 2) Navigation locks Located on the Danube River where it borders Romania in eastern Serbia, the Djerdap National Park covers 64,000 hectares and contains some of the country's most impressive natural beauty and archeological sites. The park runs along the Danube from Golubacki Grad to the dam at Sip and has its administrative offices in Donji Milanovac. The main feature of the national park is the Djerdap Gorge, known as the Iron Gate. The gorge stretches nearly 100 kilometers alongside the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, creating a wide and deep section of the Danube. Here is one of the deepest river points found in the world at over 80 meters. The gorge is actually a river valley formed of three gorges (Gornja klisura, Gospodjin vir, Veliki and Mali Kazan) separated by ravines. Where the river narrows to 150 meters, at Kazan, cliffs rise up over 300 meters to make for an impressive view. Figure 32: Djerdap Gorge Figure 33: Djerdap Hydro power Plant The river locks at hydro electric power plants Iron Gate 1 (Danube km 943) and Iron Gate 2 (km 864) are the only locks at the Serbian section of the Danube. There are two identical double stage locks, one on Romanian (operational sine 1969) and one on Serbian side (operational since 1970). Each chamber is 34 m wide and has 310 m usable length. Total lockage time is about one and a half hour due to a double stage operation. Figure 34: Iron Gate I Navigation Lock Figure 35: Iron Gate II Navigation Lock Page 31/38

32 The Iron Gate II, put in operation in 1984, is non symmetrical: there is a river island on the Romanian side of the border which is cut by navigational canal with two parallel Romanian lock chambers. The larger chamber corresponds to the size of those on Iron Gate I, while the smaller one measures 140 x 14 m. The lock on the Serbian river arm on the main course of the river has only one large chamber 310 x 34 m. Page 32/38

33 (III 3) STATISTICS ON CAPACITY AND VOLUME OF TRANSPORT ON IWW IN SERBIA Inland waterway transport in the Republic of Serbia is increasing since It can be observed through parameters such as carrying capacity, index of physical volume of transport, export, import, and transit through river ports. Data on carrying capacity of vessels registered in Serbia is given in Table7. Index of physical volume of IWW transport in Serbia is given in Table8. Detailed time series from 2002 to 2007 on goods traffic at river ports is shown in Table 9. Table 7: Carrying capacity of transport ( ) Year Ton of carrying capacity, thous. t Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334 Table 8: Physical volume index of Inland waterway transport ( ) Year Transport (Freight) Total =100 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334 Table 9: Goods traffic at river ports ( ) Year Traffic Transit Total traffic 1) National traffic International traffic Total Loadin g Unloa ding Total Loadin g Unloa ding Total Export s Imports Total Upstrea m Downstream Thous. tons 1) Transit excluded. Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 334 Data on export, import, and transit through river ports in Serbia by the type of commodities in presented in Table 10, Table 11, and Table 12. Page 33/38

34 Table 10: Export through river ports in Serbia by commodities ( ) Year Exports Cereals Fresh fruit and vegetables 1.1 Other food products, beverages and tobacco ,6 16 Seeds, oil nuts, oils and fats 3,5 2,4 4,0 Wood and cork ,0 6,4 2 Fertilizers 8, ,0 6,6 15 Non metallic minerals, crude Iron ore, scrap iron 25 4,3 14 3,0 9,5 20 Nonferrous metal ores and concentrates 2, ,5 14 Other raw materials 9,3 3,4 1,0 52 Solid fuels 1,4 2, Crude petroleum and derivates, gas Tars, coal derivates and natural gas Chemical products 1,3 2,0 11 3,0 20 Lime, cement and other mineral goods 2,0 3,1 3, Metals Metal products ,0 4,8 9 Machinery and transport equipment 0,7 1,0 18 9,3 1 Miscellaneous commodities 7,7 3,5 2,0 11 8,3 17 Thous. tons Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 335 Table 11: Import through river ports in Serbia by commodities ( ) Year Imports Cereals Fresh fruit and vegetables 2 Other food products, beverages and tobacco Seeds, oil nuts, oils and fats 3,0 8,4 11 Wood and cork 1,2 2,0 1,0 1,0 0,9 2 Fertilizers Non metallic minerals, crude Iron ore, scrap iron Nonferrous metal ores and concentrates Other raw materials Solid fuels Crude petroleum and derivates, gas Tars, coal derivates and natural gas 1,0 0,1 5,0 1 Chemical products Lime, cement and other mineral goods 7,6 3, Metals Metal products Machinery and transport equipment 0,2 1,7 7,0 37 3,7 2 Miscellaneous commodities Thous. tons Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 335 Page 34/38

35 Table 12: Transit through river ports in Serbia by commodities ( ) Year Transit Cereals Fresh fruit and vegetables Other food products, beverages and tobacco Seeds, oil nuts, oils and fats 8,9 2,0 6, Wood and cork 7,8 7,0 13 2,0 9,3 3 Fertilizers Non metallic minerals, crude Iron ore, scrap iron Nonferrous metal ores and concentrates Other raw materials ,6 69 Solid fuels Crude petroleum and derivates, gas 7, Tars, coal derivates and natural gas 2 4 Chemical products Lime, cement and other mineral goods 2,5 10 7,0 33 2,1 Metals Metal products , Machinery and transport equipment Miscellaneous commodities Special transactions 0.6 Goods in lots and parcels 1.2 Thous. tons Source: Statistical Yearbook of Serbia (2008), Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, p. 335 Data on export and import through Serbian ports by countries of unloading and loading is presented in Table13. Table 13: Export and import through Serbian ports by countries of unloading and loading (2006) Total AUS BUL B&H HUN GER ROM SLO CRO UKR Rest Export Import Thous. tons Source: Some conclusions from statistical data on Serbian IWW can be summarized: Carrying capacity and physical volume index are increasing since 2002; National traffic on IWW is bigger than international, but smaller than the sum of international and transit traffic; Export, import, and transit are increased since 2002; and Import dominates upon export. Page 35/38

36 (IV) WASTE RELATED PROCEDURES, PROCESSES AND INFRASTRUCTURE COMPONENTS Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment and to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods, procedures and fields of expertise for each. The structure of inland navigation related waste and it's major resources is shown at Figure 36. Waste caused by inland navigation Ship borne waste Waste caused by cargo Oily and greasy ship borne waste Other ship borne waste Washing water Slops Used oil Bilge water Domestic sewage Domestic refus Other oily and greasy waste Used grease, filters, rags, bundles and packaging of such waste Sewage sludge Other hazardous waste Other hazardous ship borne waste Other waste caused by inland navigation Paint, varnish, resolvents etc. Figure 36: Waste caused by inland navigation Page 36/38

37 There are different types of disposal facilities, specially designed for different kind of waste caused by inland navigation, of which the most important are: waste disposal, bilge water disposal, bunkering facilities etc. Unfortunately, none of these disposal facilities or procedures are established in Republic of Serbia except in the Port of Apatin (waste disposal, bilge water disposal), Port of Backa Palanka (waste disposal) and Port of Pancevo (waste disposal, bilge water disposal). Consequently, this creates opportunity, rarely unused, for vessels to dispose all of their waste anywhere within Serbian waters. Therefore, gravitiy of situation dictates establishment of proper infrastructure, procedures, regulations and monitoring of waste disposal. Page 37/38