Workshop on WATER-FOOD-ENERGY-ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS ASSESSMENT IN THE SAVA RIVER BASIN. Sectoral goals in the Sava River Basin

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1 Workshop on WATER-FOOD-ENERGY-ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS ASSESSMENT IN THE SAVA RIVER BASIN Sectoral goals in the Sava River Basin B&H : Strategic orientation in energy sector Zagreb, Prof. Tarik Kupusović Ph.D. C.E.

2 Key Questions Food Increased demand 50% by 2030 (FAO) Increased demand 50% by 2030 (IEA) Energy Climate Change Biodiversity The Perfect Storm? USA EPA, 2012 Water Increased demand 30% by 2030 (IFPRI) 1. Can 9 billion people be fed equitably, healthily and sustainably? 2. Can we cope with the future demands on water? 3. Can we provide enough energy to supply the growing population coming out of poverty? 4. Can we mitigate and adapt to climate change? 5. Can we do all this in the context of redressing the decline in biodiversity and preserving ecosystems?

3 Could the warming be natural?

4 Global temperatures are on the rise.

5 Source: Knutti & Sedlacek (2012)

6 6

7 Produce more fuel-efficient vehicles Reduce vehicle use Improve energy-efficiency in buildings Develop carbon capture and storage processes Triple nuclear power Increase solar power Decrease deforestation/plant forests Improve soil carbon management strategies (USA Strategy)

8 Content Introduction Hydropower potential in B&H Climate change and water demand Measures of adaptation Environmental Flow sub-law Construction of hydropower plants in B&H Advantages of hydropower over the other sources Conclusion

9 Introduction total surface area of 51,197 km² seven river basins (75.5% belong to the Black Sea,24.3% to the Adriatic Sea catchment) average annual precipitation is about 1,250 mm, which is 1,155 m 3 /sor 57% of total precipitation

10 Hydropowerpotential in B&H energy resources are coal and hydropower total installed capacity of generation facilities in B&H is 3,803MW (15 large HPPs with 2058 MW and 4 TPPs with 1745 MW of installed capacity)

11 Hydropower potential in B&H total HP potential is estimated at 6,126 MW installed capacity exploitation of hydropower is less than 40% of the total usable potential 14 operational HPP and series of small HPP ) small HPPin B&H ( MW and 3.520GWh on an annual basis,which represents12.64% of the total HPP ofb&h

12 Climate change andwater demand decrease in summertime precipitation (Mediterranean) specific research has not been conducted in B&H on the influence of climate change on hydrology, water resources and water management systems B&H needs to invest in water infrastructure renewable energy sources

13 Measures of adaptation water reservoirs (accumulation and retention) -flood control, creation of water reservoirs for dry periods, water supply, irrigation, navigation, fish-farming, recreation,electricity production... bulkheads hydropower accounts for about 17 percent of the world s total electricity generation the development of small hydropower plants (HPPs) is the most promising source of renewable energy in B&H at the moment

14 EnvironmentalFlow sub-law anew law on Environmental Flow(WWF and CESD) has been officially endorsed by the FBiH during January 2013 ensure sufficient quantities of water for all users, from humans and industry to fish and other flora and fauna in its rivers and lakes B&H has made a commitment to align to standards and policies required by the EU(with the intention to join the EU) the adopted by-law is not an obstacle to development (e.g. hydropower development), but it provides a sustainability framework which takes into account the needs of all users

15 Construction of hydropower plants Upper Drina river and its tributaries in B&H HPP Paunci Installed power(pi) peryear(e) Foča, Drina river MW GWh HPP Sutjeska Installed power(pi) Sutjeska river 25 MW GWh HPP Foča Foča, Drina river 51.7 MW GWh UPPER DRINA - LONGITUDINAL SECTION HPP Buk Bijela Foča, Drina river MW GWh

16 Upper Drina river and its tributaries HPP Ustiklina- Goražde Ustikolina, Drina river Run-of-river, plant insade dam Installed power(pi) 3x21.2=63.6 MW peryear(e) 255 GWh New Yobs(operation and 40 HPP Mrsovo Lima river 43.8 MW GWh

17 MidDrina river HPP Installed power (Pi) Total electricity generation per year (E) Rogačica Srednje Tegare Mala Dubravica TOTAL Lower Drina river HPP Installed power (Pi) Total electricity generation per year (E) Kozluk Drina I Drina II Drina III TOTAL

18 Unacriver HPP Unac- Martin Brod New Yobs (operation and Martin Brod,Unac river Accumulation, plant insade dam 2x36.8 =73.6 MW 259 GWh 35 Bioštica river HPP Kruševo & HPP Zeleni Vir -Olovo Bosna river New Yobs (operation and HPP Vranduk- Zenica Vranduk,Bosna river Run-of-river, diversion MW GWh 20 New Yobs(operation and Olovo, Bioštica river Accumulation, diverion MW GWh 20

19 Sana river New Yobs (operation and Vrbas river HPP Čaplje -Sanski Most Čaplje, Sana river Compensation for HPP Vrhpolje, plant inside dam 3x4=12 MW 56.8 GWh 15 HPP Vrhpolje - Sanski Most Vrhpolje, Sana river Peak, plant insade dam 79.4 MW Total electricity generation GWh New Yobs (operation and 60 HPP Vinac-Jajce New Yobs (operation and Vinac, Vrbas river Run-of-river 11.5 MW 61.3 GWh 15 New Yobs (operation and HPP Babino Selo -Donji Vakuf Vinac, Vrbas river Run-of-river 11.5 MW 59.9GWh 15

20 River basin Vrbas HPP Han Skela - Jajce HPP Ugar Ušće River Vrbas, Jajce Run-of-river 2x6=12 MW New Yobs (operation and New Yobs (operation and 52 GWh 10 River Vrbas, Jajce Run-of-river 2x5,8=11.6 MW GWh 7

21 RiverbasinVrbas HPP Vrletna kosa New Yobs (operation and RiverUgar, Jajce Run-of-river 2x5,6=11.2 MW GWh 7 HPP Ivik New Yobs (operation and RiverUgar, Jajce Run-of-river 2x5,6=11.2 MW GWh 7

22 Hydrosistem Trebišnjica river LONGITUDINAL SECTION HPP Nevesinje Nevesinje 60 MW GWh HPP Bileća Total electricity generation Bileća 33 MW GWh HPP Dabar Nevesinjsko polje 160 MW Total electricity GWh generation

23 River basin Upper Cetina PSPP Vril - Tomislavgrad New Yobs (operation and PSPP Kablić-Livno R. Šuica, Duvanjsko field Pumped storage 2x26=52 MW GWh 25 per year (E) New Yobs (operation and Glamočko and Livanjsko field Pumped storage 2x26=52 MW GWh 25

24 Advantages of hydropower over the other sources good solutions exists, it is possible to avoid negative impacts small, low and micro hydropower facilities designing, management, enforcement over environmental permit and maintenance

25 Conclusion increased use of hydropower would not only be justified from an economic point of view, but would also have positive environmental repercussions utilization of hydropower energy resources for providing electricity would significantly encourage the development of B&H