NEW DATA ON AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETA OF MONTENEGRO

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1 NEW DATA ON AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETA OF MONTENEGRO ALEKSANDRA JABŁOŃSKA 1 & VLADIMIR PEŠIĆ 2 1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology & Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL Łódź, Poland olapio@biol.uni.lodz.pl; 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Crna Gora, Cetinjski put b.b., Podgorica, Crna Gora pesicv@cg.yu Abstract Oligochaete fauna of Montenegro is still poorly known. In Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae (1981) there are 27 species of Oligochaeta known from the country, among which 16 are aquatic. Later, only few papers enriched the list with 12 species. Our investigations based on samples collected since 1983 to 2005 from various parts of Montenegro revealed presence of 15 species of Naididae (6 sp.) and Tubificidae (9 sp.). Six of them: Nais alpina, N. pardalis, Pristina menoni, Stylaria lacustris from Naididae, as well as Limnodrilus claparedianus and Psammoryctides albicola from Tubificidae, are new to fauna of Montenegro. Most of the above species are common and widespread throughout Europe in various types of waters, N. alpina is known from mountainous areas. Thus, lack of their earlier records in Montenegro results probably from scarcity of appropriate studies. Concluding, the list of aquatic Oligochaeta of Montenegro encompasses now 34 species. Key words: Aquatic Oligochaeta, faunistics, new records, Montenegro Introduction Aquatic Oligochaeta are able to live in various types of waters of different eutrophication level. Usually they are very abundant, particularly in polluted waters where the number of specimens can reach even hundreds of thousand per m 2. These detritivorous invertebrates are of a great importance for the water environment. Taking into pieces organic matters they enhance self-purification of the water. By crawling inside sediments they are able to release biogenic elements. Tubificidae which make breathing movements with their tails contribute to better aeration of the benthic zone. Oligochaetes constitute also very important element of the trophic web in aquatic environments. Although they occur in almost all water bodies they are very difficult to collect because of their small sizes from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Recognition of species is also a difficult task. Aquatic oligochaetes of Montenegro are known only from a few papers by Černosvitov (1931), Hrabĕ (1958), Karaman (1973) and Jacobi (1981a; 1981b). Kerovec & Mršić (1981) in the Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae mentioned merely 27 species of oligochaetes among which 16 were aquatic. Janković & Jakovčev (1986) and Jakovčev et al. (1995) enriched the list with 12 species from the Skadar Lake. The aim of this paper is to present the state of knowledge about aquatic Oligochaeta in Montenegro. 25

2 Fig. 1: UTM Map of Montenegro with research stations: 1 - upper course of Morača River near Donje Polje (CN64); 2 - upper course of Morača River near Monastir Morača (CN72); 3 upper course of Morača River near Međurječje (CN62); 4 Morača River near Bioče (CN60); 5 Mareza Spring near Podgorica (CN50); 6 mouth of Morača River (CM48); 7 interstitial waters of Cijevna River (CN69); 8 Karatuna River (CM58); 9 Žabljačke Livade (CM48); 10 Karuč, sublacustrine spring of Skadar Lake (CM48); 11 Crnojevića River (CN39); 12 upper course of Crnojevića River (CN39); 13 Rimanić Stream near Martinići village (CN41); 14 upper course of Nudolska River near Grahovo (CN01); 15 Zeta River near Brezovik (CN33); 16 Krupačko Lake (CN22); 17 spring near Šavnik (CN34); 18 Lokve Martinićke (a well) (CN41); 19 Otilovići (CN69); 20 Lim River near Lješnica (DN04); 21 Lim River near Berane (DN05); 22 Plav Lake (DN11); 23 Alipašini Izvori Spring (DN10); 24 the spring of Lim River (DN11); 25 spring at Rumija Mt. near Bar (CM46). 26

3 Research area The inland water system of Montenegro belongs to two watersheds: the Adriatic Sea watershed, that comprises the southwest part of Montenegro (the Montenegrine Coast, the region of deep karst, and the central Montenegrine depression), while northeast part of the republic belongs to the Black Sea watershed. The chief geotectonic structures are oriented in the Dinaric (northwest-southeast) direction, and their disposition dictated the direction in which the main water courses flow. The diverse hydrological forms in Montenegro is a consequence of the complexity of geological composition and structure of the land, relief features and climatic conditions. Skadar lake, located in a karst terrain in the outer part of the southeastern Dinaric Alps, is the largest of the Balkan lakes and has a surface area which fluctuates seasonally from approximately 370 to 600 km2. Material and methods Qualitative samples were taken since 1983 to 2005 from the bottom deposits at 25 research stations (springs, streams, rivers, lakes, interstitial waters and a well) shown in the Fig. 1. Twenty seven samples counting 364 specimens of Oligochaeta were collected. The material was identified with the use of keys by Čekanovska (1962), Brinkhurst & Jamieson (1971), Kasprzak (1981), Timm (1999) and Timm & Veldhuijzen van Zanten (2002). Results and discussion Although the investigations were taken in various types of waters located over the entire Montenegro territory, the number of collected specimens was very low. The most abundant oligochaetes in our research belonged to Tubificidae and were recorded in 23 samples. Psammoryctides barbatus occurred in 6, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in 5, Psammoryctides albicola and Potamothrix hammoniensis in 4 stations. Many collected specimens were immature Tubificidae representatives. The most numerous samples were taken from the sublacustrine spring Karuč of the Skadar Lake (102 spp.), the mouth of Morača River (48 and 38 spp.) and Mareza spring near Podgorica (42 spp). Only ones occurred Nais variabilis (Morača River near Bioče) and Spirosperma scodraensis (mouth of Morača River). In Karuč, sublacustrine spring of the Skadar Lake only Tubificidae representatives were recorded: Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Potamothrix hammoniensis, Tubifex tubifex and many immature specimens. The species found in springs (at Rumija Mt., near Šavnik, spring of the River Lim, Alipašini Izvori Spring and Mareza Spring) were Nais communis, Pristina (Pristinella) menoni, Stylaria lacustris, Aulodrilus pluriseta, Limnodrilus udekemianus, Psammoryctides albicola and Psammoryctides barbatus. In the interstitial waters of the Cijevna River only Stylaria lacustris was recorded. All the aquatic species of Montenegro are listed in the table 1. Our investigations allowed us to identify 6 species new for oligochaete fauna of Montenegro: Nais alpina, N. pardalis, Pristina (Pristinella) menoni and Stylaria lacustris from the family Naididae as well as Limnodrilus claparedianus and Psammoryctides albicola from the family Tubificidae. Living on a coarse-grained deposits in steams Nais alpina is a species known from European mountainous areas (Kasprzak 1981). It was also found in the Great Lakes of North America (Timm & Veldhuijzen van Zanten 2002). In Montenegro N. alpina was collected in the River Morača near Bioče. Nais pardalis is a very common and probably cosmopolitan species, which lives in various types of waters in lowland and mountainous areas (Kasprzak 1981, Timm & 27

4 Table 1: The list of aquatic Oligochaeta of Montenegro (*Černosvitov 1931; Hrabĕ 1958; Karaman 1973; Jacobi G. Z. 1981a; Jacobi G. Z. 1981b; Kerovec and Mršić 1981; Janković and Jakovčev 1986; Jakovčev et al. 1995) Family Taxon Earlier records* investigations Aulophorus furcatus (Oken, 1815) + Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen,1828) + Dero digitata (O. F. Müller, 1774) + Dero obtusa d'udekem, Nais alpina Sperber, Nais barbata O. F. Müller, Nais communis Piguet, Naididae Nais pardalis Piguet, Nais pseudobtusa Piguet, Nais variabilis Piguet, Pristina (Pristina) aequiseta Bourne, Pristina (Pristina) breviseta Bourne, Pristina (Pristinella) menoni (Aiyer, 1929) + Pristina (Pristinella) rosea (Piguet, 1906) + Stylaria lacustris (Linnaeus, 1767) + Vejdovskyella comata (Vejdovský, 1884) Aulodrilus limnobius Bretscher, Aulodrilus pigueti Kowalewski, Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet, 1906) + + Limnodrilus claparedianus Ratzel, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparéde, Limnodrilus udekemianus Claparéde, Tubificidae Potamothrix hammoniensis (Michaelsen, 1901) + + Potamothrix prespaensis (Hrabĕ, 1931) + Psammoryctides albicola (Michaelsen, 1901) + Psammoryctides barbatus (Grube, 1861) + + Spirosperma scodraensis (Hrabĕ, 1958) + + Tubifex tubifex (O. F. Müller, 1774) + + Tubificidarum hrabei Karaman, Stylodrilus lemani (Grube, 1879) + Lumbriculidae Stylodrilus parvus (Hrabĕ & Černosvitov, 1927) + Trichodrilus montenegrinus Karaman, Enchytraeidae Enchytraeus albidus Henle, Criodrilidae Criodrilus lacuum Hoffmeister,

5 Veldhuijzen van Zanten 2002). During our investigations N. pardalis was found at 2 research stations in the Morača River upper course: near Monastir Morača and near Medjurjecje. Almost cosmopolitan Pristina (Pristinella) menoni is characteristic for coastal zones of streams, rivers and lakes (Kasprzak 1981, Timm & Veldhuijzen van Zanten 2002). In Montenegro it occurred at 3 research stations: in the Morača River upper course: near Monastir Morača and near Međurječje as well as in the spring at Rumija Mt. near Bar. Very common and cosmopolitan Stylaria lacustris is characteristic for various types of waters, but it prefers to live among water plants. This oligochaete can also swim in the open water (Kasprzak 1981, Timm & Veldhuijzen van Zanten 2002). In Montenegro S. lacustris was collected from the spring near Šavnik and from interstitial waters of Cijevna River. Limnodrilus claparedianus is a very common and cosmopolitan species living mostly in fine-grained deposits of the bottom of rivers and lakes. It occurs very often with Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri but in lower number of specimens (Kasprzak 1981, Timm & Veldhuijzen van Zanten 2002). In Montenegro L. claparedianus was found two times in the mouth of Morača River. Psammoryctides albicola is a common Palaearctic species living in rivers and lakes in the fine-grained and medium-grained deposits (Kasprzak 1981). Our investigations showed its occurrence in Krupačko Lake, Žabljačke Livade and Rimanić Stream near Martinići. All the species new for Montenegro oligochaete fauna are common and widespread in Europe or cosmopolitan. The lack of information about them in earlier papers is probably the result of scarce studies. After adding 6 species to the list of Oligochaeta of Montenegro there are known still only 45 species (including 34 aquatic) which is merely about 4,5 % of European oligochaete fauna. References Brinkhurst R. O., Jamieson B. M. G. (1971) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh Čekanovskaja O. V. (1962) Vodnye maloščetinkovye červi fauny SSSR. Opred. fauny SSSR, Moskwa Leningrad Černosvitov L. (1931) Zur Kenntnis der Oligochaetenfauna des Balkans. Zool. Anz.,Leipzig. 95: Hrabĕ S. (1958) Die Oligochaeten aus den Seen Dorjan und Skadar. Spisy vydav. Prir. Fak. Masaryk Univ. 197: Jacobi G. Z. (1981a) Benthic macroinvertebrates of the upper Morača River and its tributaries. In: Karaman G. S. (ed.) The biota and limnology of Lake Skadar. GRO Prosveta. Beograd: Jacobi G. Z. (1981b) Zoobenthos from sublacustrine springs in Lake Skadar. In: Karaman G. S. (ed.) The biota and limnology of Lake Skadar. GRO Prosveta. Beograd: Jakovčev D., Kalafatić V., Martinović Vitanović V. (1995) Diverzitet oligoheta (Oligochaeta) kopnenih voda Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od medunarodnog značaja. In: Stevanovič V & Vasić V (ed.) Biodiverzitet Jugoslavije sa pregledom vrsta od medunarodnog značaja. Biološki Facultet Ecolibri: Janković M., Jakovčev D. (1986) Study of the bottom fauna of the Lake Skadar in the area of Raduš. Ekologija. 21 (1): 1-16 Karaman S. (1973) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Oligochaetenfauna des Skadarsees. Zool. Anz., Leipzig. 190 (5/6): Kasprzak K. (1981) Skąposzczety wodne I. Klucze do oznaczania bezkręgowców Polski Tom 4. PWN, Warszawa Kerovec M., Mršić N. (1981) Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae III/1 Oligochaeta. Slovenska akademia znanosti in umetnosti v Ljubljani. 39 str. Timm T. (1999) A guide to the Estonian Annelida. Estonian Academy Publishers. Tallin. 208 str. Timm T., Veldhuijzen van Zanten H.H. (2002) Freshwater Oligochaeta of North West Europe. World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series. UNESCO- Publishing 29