IRRIGATION IN AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE. Agrotech, 2017

Transcription

1 IRRIGATION IN AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE Agrotech, 217

2 Legislation Current situation Needs, possibilities, existing and potential problems

3 Irrigation is regulated with the Water Law, and when it comes to waters of local significance (WL, art. 48) regulation (decision) of local selfgovernment units. Irrigation is treated as use of waters and water supplies (WL, art. 41.1) and it does not belong in general use of water (drinks, recreation, sailing, sanitary use...) which is defined by article 42. Irrigation belongs to a special use of water for which it s necessary to get a water permit (WL, art. 43), and when it comes to quantity of water larger than 175 m 3 per day a concession is needed also (WL, art ).

4 Water permit (after water condition and consent) is handed out by competent authority for issuing water acts. For irrigation more than 2 ha permit is handed out by Administration for waters, and for irrigation less than 2 ha competent authority of local administration. When it comes to concession, if Administration for waters is amenable for handing out water acts, the decision is made by the Government, and if local authorities hand out water acts supervisor of units of local self-government. Article 61 Water that is intended for irrigation of agricultures has to be a certain quality. The Ministry in charge of agriculture, with the prior opinion of the Ministry responsible for health, shall closely determine the water quality parameters used for irrigation of agricultural land. Our Ministry of agriculture hasn t yet made the regulation from article 61.

5 Conceptual errors in the conception system for irrigation Artificial rain systems & drop by drop Law on land restitution

6 Irrigation as a hydro-technical measure on the regulation of the water regime of the land in the territory of Montenegro is applied only to 18, ha, which makes only about 3% of the total agricultural area. Of this, around 12% of the area uses modern irrigation systems, while on most of the areas there is local (traditional) irrigation. Modern systems for irrigation of agricultural land that are in use are used at sites: Tivatsko polje, Grahovsko Polje and Ćemovsko polje

7 Tivatsko polje, with an area of 2 ha, partly under greenhouse, with the use of water from micro-accumulation on the Gradiošnica River (volume of 6, m3). Grahovsko polje, a system under construction, with a designated irrigation area of 4 ha, with the use of water from the built reservoir at the source of the Grahovska River, volume of about 1,, m3. Ćemovsko polje, with plantations of grapevine and peaches, on an area of 2, ha, with the application of an irrigation system with artificial rain on an area of 1,1 ha and a drop by drop method on an area of 9 ha. For irrigation, the groundwater from the rich aquifer issued by Ćemovsko polje is involved.

8 Sources of irrigation can be: surface watercourses and natural accumulations underground waters artificial reservoirs

9 Main watercourses and lakes in Montenegro

10 Precipitation COLD PART OF THE YEAR oct-nov-dec-jan-feb-mar 3 do 34 l/m2

11 Precipitation WARM PART OF THE YEAR apr-may-jun-jul-aug-sep 43 do 12 l/m2

12 Precipitation SUMMER jun-jul-aug 12 do 3 l/m2

13 Needs for irrigation Values of the drought index according to De Martonne V VI VII VIII IX Bar Ulcinj H. Novi Podgorica Nikšić B. Polje Berane Pljevlja For areas where the values of the drought index are less than 2, irrigation is necessary except for some highly resistant cultures, and for values of 2-3, it is applied as an additional measure.

14 Climate diagram by Walter for Bar Climate diagrams by Walter Climate diagram by Walter for Ulcinj Climate diagram by Walter for Herceg Novi temperatura (C) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII padavine (mm) temperatura (C) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII padavine (mm) temperatura (C) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII padavine (mm) Climate diagram by Walter for Podgorica Climate diagram by Walter for Nikšić temperatura (C) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII padavine (mm) temperatura (C) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII padavine (mm) Climate diagram by Walter for Bijelo Polje Climate diagram by Walter for Berane Climate diagram by Walter for Pljevlja temperatura (C) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII padavine (mm) temperatura (C) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII padavine (mm) temperatura (C) I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII padavine (mm)

15 On the territory of the Republic of Montenegro, 74,9 ha are allocated as suitable for irrigation: Adriatic basin ha Black Sea basin ha By irrigation projection, it is envisaged that by 221, irrigation systems which would cover 8% of the total available land (59,4 ha) suitable for irrigation will be built: Adriatic basin ha Black Sea basin ha For irrigation of these surfaces it is necessary to provide about million m3 of water annually. On a part of surfaces (about.ha) where irrigation systems are planned, the drainage of excess waters should be done.

16 Coastal land development area 1442 ha, 66 x 1 6 m 3 Central land development area 3826 ha, 17 x 1 6 m 3 Northeastern land development area 6745 ha, 14 x 1 6 m 3

17 Documentation for the construction of modern irrigation systems: Veliki Polder (Skadar Lake) area of 1 4 ha, Bjelopavlićka plain 233 ha, Crmnicko and Orahovacko field 53 ha, Ulcinj field 4 ha

18 What does innovative climatological data say and what do climate trends?

19 EBU-POM regional model

20 Change of temperature and precipitation 21-23

21 Change of temperature and precipitation from in regard to base period Change in o C dec-jan-feb mar-apr-may jun-jul-aug sep-oct-nov North of Montenegro.8 to.9 1. to to to.7 Central.6 to.7.9 to to to.7 South of Montenegro.5 to.6.6 to.7.9 to to.7 Change of precipitation dec-jan-feb mar-apr-may jun-jul-aug sep-oct-nov % % % % North part -5 do -1 do -5 do 5-15 do -2 Central part -5 do -1 do -5 do do -2 South part -5 do -1 do -5-1 do do -15

22 Change of temperature and precipitation from in regard to base period Change in o C dec-jan-feb mar-apr-may jun-jul-aug sep-oct-nov North of Montenegro 2.2 to to to to 2.4 Central 1.8 to to to to 2.2 South of Montenegro 1.6 to to to to 2. Change of precipitation dec-jan-feb mar-apr-may jun-jul-aug sep-oct-nov % % % % North part -2 to -3-5 to -1-2 to -3-3 to - Central part -2 to -3-5 to -1-2 to -3-3 to - South part -15 to -2-1 to -15 > to -