New Method for Environmental Performance Evaluation of Ro-Ro Passenger Ships

Transcription

1 New Method for Environmental Performance Evaluation of Ro-Ro Passenger Ships By Hans Otto Holmegaard Kristensen Senior researcher, M.Sc. Technical University of Denmark

2 Overview of presentation 1. Definition of a Ro Ro passenger ship and examples 2. The dilemma how to distribute the total emissions on the different types of cargo 3. State of the art in IMO/MEPC for Ro-Ro passenger ships 4. Presentation of the principles in the new evaluation method 5. Analysis result 6. Calculation example 7. Summary and conclusion 2 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

3 Ro Ro passenger ship definition A Ro-Ro passenger ship is a ship which: 1) Carries more than 12 passengers and which has 2) Ro-Ro spaces or special category spaces which means that a Ro-Ro passenger ship transports: 1) Passengers (day and night facilities) 2) Cars 3) Busses 4) Trucks and trailers 5) Trains etc. 3 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

4 Danish ferry Kalundborg DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

5 Danish ferry Prinsesse Anne Marie DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

6 Danish ferry Peder Paars DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

7 Danish ferry Mette Mols DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

8 Day and night ferry Pearl of Scandinavia Copenhagen Oslo route 8 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

9 Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) Total CO 2 emissions EEOI = Capacity x Speed Capacity can be: Deadweight Payload Lanemeters Passengers Gross tonnage (GT) 9 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

10 Environmental performance (EPI) Emissions EPI = Cargo type x Speed Cargo type can be: Truck (depending on length) Bus Van Car Passenger (unberhed) Passenger (berthed) 10 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

11 Environmental performance (EPI) Emissions EPI = Cargo type x Speed How can the emissions be allocated to the different types of cargo in correct way? Ro-Ro passenger ships carry a mix of cargo (trucks, busses, cars, vans passengers etc.) The mix of cargo differs from trip to trip! 11 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

12 Environmental performance (EPI) Basic assumption for new calculation method: 1. The emissions are related to the weight of each cargo type including the fraction of the ships lightweight which is associated with the carriage of the actual cargo 2. If the average weight density of the need cargo space is nearly constant irrespective of cargo type, the emissions can be related to the volume of each cargo type 12 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

13 Environmental performance (EPI) Types of spaces related to Ro Ro pass. ships: 1. Space for rolling cargo (trucks, busses, vans, cars - including space for casings and ventilation and similar) 2. Space for passengers (cafeterias, restaurants, lounges, corridors and toilets) 3. Service volume (galleys, store rooms, air condition rooms, shop offices and similar) 4. Sleeping accommodation for passengers (cabins and associated corridors) 13 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

14 Environmental performance (trucks and lorries) Volume (m³) Volume = 22.8 x lanemetres Volume per lanemeter: 24 m Volume (m³) Lanemetres Volume = 24.1 x lanemetres Lanemetres 14 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

15 Volume (m³) Environmental performance (cars) Volume per car: 67.5 m Volume = 62.3 x cars Car capacity Volume (m³) Volume = 65.9 x cars Car capacity 15 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

16 Environmental performance (passenger volume) Volume (m³) Volume = 9.2 x passengers High comfort class Low comfort class a Volume = 5.0 x passengers Passengers 16 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

17 Environmental performance (service volume) Volume (m³) high comfort low comfort Linear (high comfort) Linear (low comfort) Volume = 3.4 x pass Volume = 2.1 x pass Passengers 17 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

18 Environmental performance (cabins/berths) Volume (m³) Volume = 13 x berths Berths 18 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

19 Environmental performance (area and volume) Area and volume equivalents General Low comfort High comfort m 2 per lanemeter m 3 per lanemeter m 2 per car m 3 per car m 2 per unberthed passenger m 3 per unberthed passenger m 2 per berthed passenger m 3 per berthed passenger DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

20 Environmental performance (weight density) Area and volume equivalents General Cargo density (t/m 3 ) Weight density (t/m 3 ) Total density m 2 per lanemeter 4 m 3 per lanemeter m 2 per car 15 m 3 per car m 2 per unberthed passenger 3.5 m 3 per unberthed passenger m 2 per berthed passenger 4.5 m 3 per berthed passenger truck: 14 m and 40 tons 1 car: 1.25 tons 1 person: 80 kg 20 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

21 Environmental performance (calculation principles) Maximum number of units Units Volume per unit in m 3 Product Emissions per cargo unit per nautical mile N1 Lanemetres 24 V1 = N1 x 24 E1 = 24/Vn x Q/V N2 Cars 67.5 V2 = N2 x 67.5 E2 = 67.5/Vn x Q/V N3 Unberthed pass. 10 V3 = N3 x 10 E3 = 10/Vn x Q/V N4 Berthed pass. 13 V4 = N4 x 13 E4 = 13/Vn x Q/V Vn = sum of this column Emissions per hour (g/hour) Speed (knots) Q V 21 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

22 Environmental performance (Equivalent volume) Ro-Ro passenger ships Cargo volume (m 3 ) Length pp (m) 22 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

23 Environmental performance (100 % loaded) Ro-Ro passenger ships gram CO2/m 3 /nm Length pp (m) 23 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

24 Environmental performance (100 % loaded) 32 Ro-Ro passenger ships 28 Service speed (knots) Length pp (m) 24 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

25 Environmental performance (100 % loaded) Ro-Ro cargo ships 300 CO2 emissions (g/lm/naut.mile) Lanemeter 25 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

26 Environmental performance (100 % loaded) CO2 emissions (g/lm/naut.mile) Ro-Ro cargo ships Ro-Ro passenger ships Truck Length pp (m) 26 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

27 Environmental performance calculation example Mols Line (Aarhus - Kalundborg) Maximum Maximum volume equivalent Actual value Actual volume equivalent Allocation in pct. Lanemeters Cars Unberthed passengers Berthed passengers Total volume equivalent Passenger comfort class (1 = low comfort, 2 = general, 3 = high comfort) 1 Average capacity utilization based on calculated volume equivalents (pct.) 43.4 Area and volume equivalents General Low comfort High comfort Cargo density (t/m 3 ) Weight density (t/m 3 ) m 2 per lanemeter m 3 per lanemeter m 2 per car m 3 per car m 2 per unberthed passenger m 3 per unberthed passenger m 2 per berthed passenger m 3 per berthed passenger Oil consumption and speed Fuel oil per hour kg/hour 1162 Crossing time (minutes) 170 Diesel oil per hour kg/hour 113 Speed knots 16.6 EEOI (CO 2 per transport unit per nautical mile) CO 2 per lorry (or bus) per nm (kg/nm) The ship kg/nm m lorry 15 m lorry 18 m lorry Lanes g/m/nm Cars g/car/nm 1130 Unberthed passengers g/pass/nm 117 Berthed passengers g/pass/nm - 27 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

28 Environmental performance calculation example Mols Line (Aarhus - Kalundborg) Maximum Maximum volume equivalent Actual value Actual volume equivalent Lanemeters Cars Unberthed passengers Berthed passengers Total volume equivalent Passenger comfort class (1 = low comfort, 2 = general, 3 = high comfort) 1 Average capacity utilization based on calculated volume equivalents (pct.) 58.1 Area and volume equivalents General Low comfort High comfort Cargo density (t/m 3 ) Weight density (t/m 3 ) m 2 per lanemeter m 3 per lanemeter m 2 per car m 3 per car m 2 per unberthed passenger m 3 per unberthed passenger m 2 per berthed passenger m 3 per berthed passenger Oil consumption and speed Fuel oil per hour kg/hour 934 Crossing time (minutes) 180 Diesel oil per hour kg/hour 91 Speed knots 15.7 EEOI (CO 2 per transport unit per nautical mile) CO 2 per lorry (or bus) per nm (kg/nm) The ship kg/nm m lorry 15 m lorry 18 m lorry Lanes g/m/nm Cars g/car/nm 718 Unberthed passengers g/pass/nm 75 Berthed passengers g/pass/nm - 28 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

29 Environmental performance calculation example 29 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark

30 Thank you! 30 DTU Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark