FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Company K

Transcription

1 FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Company K Equipment Guidelines for Living Historians Developing an Authentic Civil War Impression Of a Pennsylvania Citizen Volunteer Soldier Page 1 of 19

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Jerry Grampy Grehl and Sid Gandy for their comments and suggestions for improving this document. Additionally, I would like to thank the membership of the FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Company K, for their authenticity, safety, respect, and friendship. Poor is the Nation that has no Heroes... Shameful is the One Having them that Forgets - A. Lincoln Creed of the Living Historian We are people to whom the past is forever speaking. We listen to it because we cannot help ourselves, for the past speaks to us with many voices. Far out of that dark nowhere, which is the time before we were born, men who were flesh of our flesh and bone of our bone, went through fire and storm to break a path to the future. We are part of the future they died for. They are part of the past that brought the future. What they did the lives they lived, the sacrifices they made, the stories they told and the songs they sung and finally, the deaths they died make up a part of our own experience. We cannot cut ourselves off from it. It is as real to us as something that happened last week. Bruce Catton FIRST EDITION Page 2 of 19

3 January 21, 2006 FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT Penna. Volunteer Infantry, Co. K Line Company United States Volunteers Third Battalion The purpose of the 56th Pennsylvania Civil War living history reenacting unit is to honor Civil War veterans by portraying their lives during as safely and authentically as possible by means of battle scenarios, camp life scenes, drilling, roll calls, and many other functions that would have pertained to a soldier of that period. These remarkable men deserve the best effort we can make in our portrayal of them. We owe them this because of the great gifts they have bequeathed to us...lessons of duty, honor, service, valor, commradery, and brotherhood. They endured unimaginable hardships and stoically accepted suffering and privation in a time when they could have remained home and enjoyed prosperity during a time of unprecedented growth in our history. By our portrayal we shall endeavor to honor them and show that their many sacrifices were not in vain. The 56 th Regiment remained in Camp Curtin during the winter of , and on the 8th of March, 1862, its organization still in-complete, having but eight and onehalf Companies, left Harrisburg for Washington. Therefore, the Regiment s impression chronological benchmark is March 8, Original members of the Regiment were equipped by the United States Arsenals of the Philadelphia Deport, specifically what became known as the Schuylkill Arsenal, on Grays Ferry Road, Philadelphia, Pa. Most of their uniforms and equipment were produced by the Schuyklkill Arsenal, either directly or under contract with citizen craftsman and women. Unless a weekend scenario dictates otherwise, the Regiments impression is that of soldiers on campaign and/or at a picket post. It is intended that the Company portray and display the correct look of the campaign soldiers we represent. These guidelines are intended to be a resource for members, and include: U.S. Arsenals at Philadelphia, Equipage Photographs, Equipage Checklist, Equipage Sources, and Source Information Nearly all of the uniforms and equipment items recommended in these guidelines are documented in the literature, photographs and museum collections. A research bibliography is also included at the end of this document. The sutlers, or vendors, listed in this document make or provide acceptable reproductions of the items needed. This is based on the experience and first hand knowledge of veteran reenactors in the Regiment, as well as reputations these vendors have earned. I caution fresh fish (new recruits) and veterans alike that most sutlers are in it for profit. The old adage, you get what you pay for, holds true regarding civil war gear. It is advised that new members consult with veteran members before purchasing these items. This will ensure that you make the wisest choices with your limited time and Page 3 of 19

4 resources, and that your impression conforms to these authenticity guidelines. Remember we do this for two reasons, first to remember these men so that they shall not have died in vain, and second to keep history alive for future generation. Portraying the best impression we can is a proper goal. Improvement is an on-going process. Members are highly encouraged to upgrade their clothing and equipment as promptly as their circumstances allow. Union and freedom forever! Gary R. Peacock Captain Commanding UNITED STATES ARSENALS AT PHILADELPHIA The United States Arsenal, located upon Gray's Ferry Road, between Carpenter street and Washington avenue, and commonly called "The Schuylkill Arsenal," was established in the year 1800.[20] Adjoining it upon the north is the United States Naval Hospital and Naval Home. The Arsenal was, through-out the Civil War, an important depot for uniforms, blankets and equipments for the outfitting of the armies of the Republic. In addition to the large regular force employed in the several workshops and warehouses, a great number of persons, chiefly from families of soldiers and sailors in the service or who had died under enlistment, were kept employed in thousands of the humble homes in this section of the city. The operations here were so constantly urgent that warehouses outside were leased by the Government. One of these "branch Arsenals" was the building adjoining the Custom House, upon the west, afterward replaced by the Post Office. Other storehouses for military clothing and equipment were created at William Gault's brew-house at Twenty-first and Spruce streets, at the old hotel building Twenty-fourth and Chestnut streets (built in 1833) and at Murphy & Allison's machine shop on the Schuylkill river north of Market street. In the "emergency" summers of 1862 and 1863 a company of the employees was recruited to assist in defending the State. At one period of the war the increase of the "contract system" in making uniforms threatened the employment of several thousand women. A committee of their number visited Washington and secured an order from President Lincoln ensuring a continuance of their means of support. Schuylkill Arsenal U.S. ARMY FABRICS On 17 December 1857 the Charleston (South Carolina) Mercury carried an advertisement from the Office of Army Clothing and Equipage in Philadelphia (Schuylkill Arsenal) soliciting bids for furnishing by contract Army Supplies and Materials. The ad read in part: Page 4 of 19

5 63,000 yards 6-4 dark blue cloth (indigo wool dyed) twilled cloth, weighing 21 ounces per yard 120,000 yards 6-4 sky-blue (indigo wool dyed) twilled cloth, weighing 22 ounces per yard 10,000 yards 6-4 dark blue flannel, wool (indigo dyed) " Advertisements similar to the above also appeared during the Civil War in northern newspapers. One such ad appeared in newspapers in Philadelphia on 3 September It, too, listed cloth, dark blue (indigo wool dyed) 21 ounces per yard 54" wide and 10 ½ ounces per yard 27" wide, kersey, sky-blue (indigo wool dyed) 22 ounces per yard 54" wide and 11 ounces per yard 27" wide. The Table of Textile Fabrics in the as yet unpublished 1865 Quartermaster Manual lists the following: 6-4 dark blue woolen cloth, pure indigo dyed, 21 ounces per yard 6-4 sky blue woolen kersey, pure indigo dyed, 22 ounces per yard 3-4 sky blue woolen kersey, pure indigo dyed, 11 ounces per yard 3-4 dark blue flannel, pure indigo dyed, 5 ½ ounces per yard Listed under Clothing in the same manual are "Uniform coats. - for all enlisted foot-men, shall be a single breasted frock, of dark blue cloth All enlisted men of the cavalry and light artillery, shall wear a uniform jacket of dark blue cloth For fatigue purposes - a sack coat of dark blue flannel Trousers, - except for enlisted men of ordnance, sky blue kersey for ordnance men dark blue kersey Great coats for footmen - of sky blue kersey Great coats for mounted men - of sky blue kersey The fabrics used by the Army in the mid-19th Century were coarse and heavy (except the flannel) by 21st Century standards. Few Americans today would choose to wear such textiles except in exceptional or peculiar circumstances. The kersey and dark blue cloth were closely woven with raised naps and meant for hard, outdoor service. The primary difference between the coat cloth and the kersey was the texture; the weight difference was negligible. The coat cloth, like the kersey, was twilled but the size of yarns used was finer, the number of yarns per square inch was greater; hence a somewhat finer texture in the finished cloth. The flannel was comparable in weight to many modern wool flannels but again was a coarser textured fabric. When comparing modern textiles to historic textiles try to keep in mind that most historic textiles have been worn so that the original finish has been distressed to some degree. Over more than a century of existence fabrics dry out and become brittle, this too, affects the appearance and the "feel". They will feel even more harsh now than when new. The last factor is color. The same factors that affect the general appearance of the textiles also affect color, along with unseen environmental factors. The other influence on color is soiling. The fact that most of the surviving garments have been worn, handled and stored in less than ideal conservation conscious Page 5 of 19

6 conditions has an impact on their appearance more than a century later. To my knowledge there is no one yet alive who saw any of the above mentioned fabrics when new. Any recreated fabric must then be an interpretation of the original item based on the information and technologies available. Also factored into this equation must be the realization that hundreds of thousands of yards of these fabrics will not be needed. When the consumer begins to compare and contrast the offerings of the different suppliers he may fail to see an appreciable difference between goods. In that case he should probably buy the less expensive item. Just keep in mind that in fabrics, as in most other things, a relationship generally exists between price and quality. County Cloth has the best fabrics for Civil War era enlisted men's clothing. My rating of County Cloth fabrics is anything but objective, however, since I own the company. The best way to make an informed decision is to combine the information presented here with your own observations of the originals. FATIGUE BLOUSE PRODUCTION Synopsis of Sack Coat Contracts from "U.S. Army Quartermaster Contracts, ," compiled by E.J. Coates and F.C. Gaede from National Archives, RG 217, Treasury Department Records, Entry 236, QMD Contracts (Lutherville, MD: Production Draft No. 1, December 1993). A total of 142 contracts for sack coats were found in the compilation. Some 25 were "For Making & Trimming," which represented open-ended contracts to construct coats from material already on hand. This was usually, but not invariably, material from Schuylkill Arsenal for coats to be delivered to the Philadelphia Depot. However, one contract with Bryant N. Lanhan dated July 1, 1864 for 12,000 sack coats to be delivered to Cincinnati specified the coats were to be "Made and trimmed in the same manner as those now being manufactured at the Clothing Manufactory in Cincinnati, Ohio; the blouse flannel and trimmings to be furnished by the U.S." His payment for each coat was not specified, and no note was found to determine the quantity he delivered. (Page 169) We know 145,883 "Blouses, Lined" and 116,051 "Blouses, Unlined" were made at the Cincinnati Depot between May 1861 and June Quantities made at other depot(s) are unknown to the author at this time, but may be in a complete copy of the 1865 Quartermaster Report. For the contracts that specified a quantity, a total of at least 3,641,000 coats were to be delivered, as follows: Item Phila. NY Cincinnati (Thousands) Depot Depot Depot Total Lined ,799 Unlined ,176 Page 6 of 19

7 Not specified Total 1,167 1, ,641 There were 14 contractors who received contracts totaling over 100,000 sack coats each, as follows: James Boylan Newark, NJ Thomas Carhart NYC William Portland, ME Deering R.B. Esler Philadelphia, PA 1863 Henry Foster Philadelphia, 1864 PA Jeremiah Newark, NJ Garthwaite Hanford & NYC 1861 Browning Joseph Lee NYC Joseph Lea NYC 1864 (same guy?) Wm. & James Newark, NJ Ludlow John T. Martin NYC (Mrs.) H. J. Newton, MA 1862 Moore Joseph Page Philadelphia, PA Alvin Rose NYC 1864 collection. J.T. Martin was the largest single contractor, with a total of 892,000 sack coats. One contract with Hunt, Tillinghust & Co. Of NYC dated October 20, 1862 was for 20,000 knit sack coats, to be delivered to the Philadelphia Depot and paid for at the rate of $2.40 each. The description is for "dark blue knit blouses." (P. 142) This firm received numerous contracts for knit items, including drawers, shirts (a total of 481,258) and even uniform jackets (!) in addition to sack coats. Source: C. J. Daley, Historical Reproductions The two contractors named "Lea" and Lee" may be the same individual, since the dates of their contracts do not overlap. The one female contractor, Mrs. Moore, was noted in the special CW issue of Military Collector & Historian as the contractor of regulation gaiters now in Don Troiani's Page 7 of 19

8 EQUIPAGE PHOTOGRAPHS Model 1858 Forage Cap Sack Coat Color Variations Schuylkill Arsenal Trousers Schuylkill Arsenal Sack Coat Schuylkill Arsenal Overcoat Page 8 of 19

9 Schuylkill Arsenal Accoutrements Federal Issue Bootes Double-Bag Knapsack Front Double-Bag Knapsack Inside Page 9 of 19

10 EQUIPAGE CHECKLIST Below, is a checklist of arms, uniforms and equipage for members to use for their personal inventory and procurement purposes. The checklist contains representative items issued by the United States Depot at Philadelphia, Schuylkill Arsenal (SA), to the veterans of the 56 th Regiment in Preffered items are marked with an asterisk (*). Arms Model 1861 Springfield Riflemusket,.58 caliber* Model 1853 Enfield Rifle-musket,.577 caliber (bright) Model 1863 Springfield Riflemusket,.58 caliber (acceptable) Uniforms Model 1858 Forage Cap (SA) Issue Shirt Gray flannel; Domet flannel (Note: 55 breast size only) Fatigue Blouse (Sack Coat) SA pattern; dark blue wool; lined or unlined; 4-button (Note: 4 sizes) Trousers SA pattern infantry cut; Kersey blue; watch pocket; 4- buttons for braces (2 each front and rear) Drawers ( Summer Issue ) Canton flannel; w/draw-strings Stockings Machine knit; cotton and wool; colors: solid gray, blue, brown Boote Black leather (rough side out); stitched-sole (SA*) or peggedsole; black leather laces Overcoat SA foot-pattern; Kersey blue wool; 6-buttons; lined Blanket, Tentage & Waterproofs U.S. Issue Blanket Wool or cotton; gray w/black end-stripe or light brown w dark brown endstripes (emergency issue ); sewn US centered U.S. Issue Shelter-Half (SA Model 1861) 3-panel; cotton duck or drill; 23 bone buttons; double reinforced corners; regulation size 66 x 65 ; no grommets; pin loops (1/4 diameter hemp rope) U.S. Issue Waterproof Blanket (Inf. Model 1861) fine-tight woven muslin; gutta-percha or India rubber vulcanized; 46 x71 ; sewn edges; grommets (Japanned, small, w/wo backing) at 15 intervals, 1 from edge and 2 from ends; 12 ties (leather or string); pin or button-hook fasteners (1862) Oilcloth - Cotton duck or drill (Painted black) Accoutrements Enlisted Men: Model 1855 Double Bag Knapsack Cotton duck or drill painted black; leather straps; tin plated or japanned buckles Model 1858 Haversack (SA) Cotton duck or drill painted black Model 1858 Canteen (SA) Smooth-side; 3-keepers; or Model 1858 Canteen (SA) Bullseye (5-7 rings); 3-keepers. Note: SA issue canteen cover of jean cloth (gray or tan* ); striped cotton upholstery ticking ( ); Page 10 of 19

11 Cork secured with string; Russet leather strap* ( ); or white woven cotton ( ) Model 1861 Cartridge Box (.58 cal) Black leather dyed; US brass plate Model 1855 Cap Pouch Black leather dyed, with lambskin and pick loop U.S. Issue Waist Belt Black leather dyed with standing leather loop keeper; US brass plate (puppypaw) Bayonet (correct for weapon) Scabbard Springfield Model rivet black leather or 7-rivet (1863); (Note: use same for Enfield) Rifle Straps Russet leather (optional) Civilian Hat Felt; black, gray or brown Civilian Shirt Cotton, muslin or flannel; hand-sewn; appropriate colors and pattern Civilian Drawers Cotton or flannel Civilian Stockings Hand-knit cotton or wool Waistcoat/Vest Military-cut or Civilian style Civilian Braces Sewn, woven or leather; period correct (Note: not military issue item) Eyewear Period correct Officers: CO Sword Belt CO Haversack (optional) CO Insignia (shoulder boards) Sash (CO burgundy; NCO scarlet) NCO Waist Belt NCO Chevrons (arched) Cooking Military or Civilian Issue Frying Pan unfinished stamped steel or tinplated (<8 inches diameter) Canteen Half (alternative) U.S. Issue Tin Plate Stamped steel (optional) U.S. Issue Utensil Set Knife, fork (3-prong) & spoon; steel w/wood handles U.S. Issue Tin Cup Tin Cup Boiler (modified with handle) Non-Military Items Page 11 of 19

12 EQUIPAGE SOURCES Firearms & Accessories Rifle-Muskets: John G. Zimmerman Rifle slings: Dell s Leatherworks Accessories & Cleaning Supplies: Dixie Gun works, Inc. Lodgewood Mfg. Co S & S Firearms Uniforms Forage Caps: Brad Keune Dirty Billy s Hats Jersey Skillet Licker S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Wendy Osman Shoes: Mattimore Harness Missouri Shoe & Boot Co. Domet & Flannel Shirts: Jersey Skillet Licker Civil War Seamstress! (Eileen Herr) Fatigue Blouse (Sack Coat): C&D Jarnagin C.J. Daley Historical Reproductions Jersey Skillet Licker S&S Sutler of Gettysburg S.G. Marinos Frock Coat: C.J. Daley Historical Reproductions Trousers: Stoney Brook (Chris Sullivan) Drawers: Jersey Skillet Licker Overcoat: Stockings: Mickey Black S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Chevrons: Jersey Skillet Licker S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Buttons: John Zaharias Officer s Insignia: W.K. Osman Blankets, Tentage & Waterproofs Blankets: Fall Creek Sutlery Quartermaster Woolens S.G. Marinos S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Page 12 of 19

13 Shelter Halves: Andrew Doddington Fall Creek Sutlery ( A tents) Haversack Depot S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Yakima Tent & Awning Co. ( A tents) Provisional Supply Co. Waterproofs: Accoutrements Haversacks: Haversack Depot Jersey Skillet Licker Provisional Supply Co. Canteens & Accessories: Dell s Leatherworks Provisional Supply Co. S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Cartridge Box, Sling & Cap Pouch: Jersey Joe Skillet Licker Provisional Supply Co. Waist belt & Buckles: Dell s Leatherworks Provisional Supply Co. Bayonet & Scabbards: Knapsacks: Provisional Supply Co. Mess Equipment Canteen Halves: Fall Creek Sutlery S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Village Tinsmithing Works Cups, Plates, Boilers, & Utensils: Provisional Supply Co. Village Tinsmithing Works Wisconsin Veterans Museum Non-Military Braces: S&S Sutler of Gettysburg S.G. Marinos Civilian Shirt: Jersey Skillet Licker S.G. Marinos Cloth & Patterns: Country Cloth (Cloth & Patterns) Family Heirloom Weavers (Cloth) Slouch Hats: Tim Allen Hats Clearwater Hat Co. Manuals: Hardtack Publishing Co. (Casey s for Reenactors) Miscellany: G.H. Bent Co. (Hardtack) Page 13 of 19

14 Alex Johnson! (Hardtack cutting kit) Page 14 of 19

15 SOURCE INFORMATION Below, is a list of recommended Sutlers for purchasing arms, uniforms and equipage. This list is not inclusive and will be updated periodically. The Regiment does not endorse any one manufacturer over another. Firearms & Accessories Cartridges Unlimited Mike Watson, 4320-A Hartford St. St. Louis, MO 63116; (314) Company Quartermaster Terry Schultz, 258 Zimmerman Street, N. Tonawanda, NY ; jhwa t.schultz5@verizon.net Dixie Gun Works, Inc. DEPT. 17, P.O. Box 130, Union City, TN 38281; (orders only) info@dixiegunworks.com John G. Zimmerman P.O. Box 1351, 1195 Washington St. Harper s Ferry, WV 25425; Lodgewood Mfg. Co. P.O. Box 611, Whitewater, WI 53190; lodgewd@idcnet.com S&S Firearms Myrtle Ave., Glendale, NY 11385; Uniforms Brad Keune (Forage Cap) 19 Pleasant St., Rockville, CT C&D Jarnagin Co. P.O. Box 1860, Corinth, MS ; Civil War Seamstress (Shirts) Eileen Herr,7202 Larkshall Road, Indianapolis, IN 46250; CWSeamstrs@aol.com Chris Semancik (Forage Cap) 61 Garland Dr., Carlisle, PA /cap.html Dirty Billy s Hats (Forage Cap) 430A Baltimore St.; Gettysburg, PA 17325; (shop); (mail orders) Greg Starbuck (Forage Cap) P.O. Box 115 Savannah, GA (912) Historical Reproductions (SAUniform) C.J. Daley, 2215-B Fairfield Rd., Gettysburg, PA 17325; tailor@cjdaley.com Page 15 of 19

16 Jersey Skillet Licker (Uniform) Joseph Hoffman, 8 Arlington Place, Fairlawn, NJ 07410; (Historic Clothier dealer) Winger6049@aol.com Joe Loehle (Forage Cap) Historical Reproductions dealer Matamoras Harness (Bootes) 509 South 2nd. St., Laramie, WY 82070; (evenings only) Mickey Black (Stockings) 6378 U.S. Route 601, Salisbury, NC 28147; mickeyblacksocks.htm Missouri Shoe & Boot Co. (Bootes) Route 7, Box 207, Neosho, MO 64850; MJN Boot & Leather Shop (Bootes) Mick Nesseim, th Avenue, Tea, SD 57064; mjnboot@sd.value.net Historical Clothiers (Uniform) Nick J. Sekela, Post Office Box 28, Butler NJ ; (972) (Jersey Skillet Licker dealer) Orchard Hill Sutlery (Bootes) Daniel Houde, 417 Esperance Road, Esperance, New York 12066; jo@orchardhillsutlery.com Regimental Quartermaster (Uniform) George Lomas, 1) P.O. Box 553, Hatboro, PA 19040; ) 49 Steinwehr Ave., Gettysburg, PA 17325; regtqm@aol.com S&S Sutler of Gettysburg (Uniform) Tim & Debbie Sheeds, 45 Steinwehr Ave., Gettysburg, PA; S.G. Marinos Co. (Uniform) Spiros Marinos, 809 Baltimore Pike, P.O. Box 3192, Gettysburg, PA ; Stoney Brook Co. (SA Trousers) Chris Sullivan, 166 West 5th St., Oswego, NY ; cams@bridgemicro.com og/index.htm Wendy Osman (Officer s Insignia) 5424 Elliot Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55417; (612) Calirvine@aol.com Accoutrements C&D Jarnagin Co. P.O. Box 1860, Corinth, MS ; Dell s Leather Works 83 First Ave., Kingston, NY 12401; Page 16 of 19

17 (Braces) Duvall Leather Works Nick Duvall, 116 W. Walnut St. Kingston, PA 18704; Haversack Depot P.O. Box , New Braunfils, TX 78131; L.D. Haning & Co. Tim Welch, 9560 Neiswander Road, Ashville, OH 43103; Provisional Supply Co. 20,000 Horizon Way, Suite # 220, Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054; Fax: info@provisionalsupply.com Trans-Mississippi Depot 718 E. Alvarado Ln., Cottonwood, Arizona 86326; drsmith4895@earthlink.net Blankets, Tents & Waterproofs Andrew Doddington (Tents) Kretsinger Road, Smithburg, MD 21783; NY49th@yahoo.com (S & S Sutler dealer) Fall Creek Sutlery (Blankets) 917 E. Walnut St., Lebanon, IN 46052; FCSutler@aol.com Matt Woodburn (Blankets) rn/myhomepage/sale.html RMWoodburn@aol.com Quartermaster Woolens (Blankets) Idaho Ave., Lakeville, MN 55044; Yakima Tent & Awning Co. P.O. Box 391, Yakima, WA 98907; Mess Equipment Otter Creek Tinware (John Peterson) 26 Carver St., Brandon, VT 05733; nw1.html Village Tinsmithing Works P.O. Box 539, Hamptonville, NC 27020; Wisconsin Veteran s Museum Store 30 West Mifflin St., Madison, WI ; museum/giftshop.html Non-Military Items Alex Johnson (Hardtack Kit) 42 Aconbury Drive, Fairport, NY ; Lyons1890@aol.com Clearwater Hat Co. (Slouch Hats) H.C.73, Box 646, Roasting Ear Creek Road, Newnata, AR 72680; Page 17 of 19

18 Corner Clothiers (Braces) Brian Merrick, 141 Steinwehr Avenue, Gettysburg; Country Cloth (Cloth & Patterns) Charlie Childs, CGeorgetown St. NE, Paris, OH 44669; (Cloth & Patterns) Delaine Bartsch (Personal Items) Socks, scarves and mittens sold through Family Heirloom Weavers (Cloth) 125 O San Lane, Red Lion, PA 17356; ncloth.htm G.H. Bent Co. (Hardtack) 7 Pleasant Street, Milton, Mass ; k.htm Re-enactment Eyewear RR #4 Box 62, Williamsport, PA 17701; Sullivan Press (Document Repro s) PO Box 407, Morgantown, PA ; owner@sullivanpress.com Tim Allen Hats (Slouch Hats) 1429 Becket Road, Eldersburg, MD 21784; TP & H Trading Co. (Slouch Hats) (Tim Bender Hats) 21 Carriage Drive Birdsboro, PA 19508; tph_trading@msn.com T P & H Trading Co. (Slouch Hats) Tim Bender, 121 Carriage Drive Birdsboro, PA (610) Wooded Hamlet Designs (Rope) 4044 Coseytown Rd. Greencastle, PA Hanover Brass Foundry (Buckles) 5155 Cold Harbor Road, Mechanicsville, VA 23111; gw44@comcast.net Hardtack Publishing Co. (Manual) Jerry G. Grehl, Casey s for Reenactors. RR 6, Box 6394E, Stroudsburg, PA 18360; grmpy@ptdprolog.net Page 18 of 19

19 BIBLIOGRAPHY Archives Library Information Center (ALIC), The National Archives Authentic Campaigner Forums Echoes of Glory: Arms and Equipment of the Union (Editors of Time-Life Books, Alexandria VA, 1991) Historical Reproductions Lazzy Jack Mess Soldier Impression (1 st Edition, April 2001) The Library of Congress The Quartermasters Department The United States Civil War Center Civil War Collections & the Civil War Book Review. LSU Libraries United States Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pa. Making of America, Cornell University Library Military and Historical Image Bank National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution Pennsylvania State Archives, PA Historical Museum Commission /r19sd2.htm The Civil War Source Book, Katcher, Philip. Facts on File, Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, New York, NY (1982) The Columbia Rifles Research Compendium: A Resource for Living Historians in the Development of a Well-Rounded Civil War Federal Page 19 of 19