Fixed interval. Fixed interval. Fixed. Pharmaceuticals. Fixed interval

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1 Article title: Effects of backpacker use, pack stock trail use, and pack stock grazing on water quality in Yosemite National Park, California Journal name: Environmental Management Author names: Harrison Forrester, David Clow, James Roche, Alan Heyvaert, William Battaglin Corresponding author: Harrison Forrester, National Park Service, ESM_1. Study-site names, associated National Water Information System (NWIS) station number, NWIS station name, and study components. All discrete water sample data except Escherichia coli concentrations are available on NWIS ( Escherichia coli concentrations are available at: {PCT, Pacific Crest Trail; JMT, John Muir Trail} Fixed interval Fixed interval Fixed interval Discharge sampling - sampling - sampling - Fixed measured Discharge Pharmaceuticals Hormones Hormones interval or measured Fixed and and and Storm Synoptic sampling - calculated or interval related related related sampling - survey - Repeat during calculated USGS NWIS Station sampling - chemicals, chemicals, chemicals, Pairedintensive Synoptic Paired- paired- sampling continuou- Study Site Name Number USGS NWIS Station Name Paired water sediment water survey meadow meadow events sly Cathedral Spring upstream from JMT CATHEDRAL SP AB JOHN MUIR TR NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS x x x x x Cathedral Spring downstream from JMT CATHEDRAL SP BL JOHN MUIR TR NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS x x x x x Chilnualna Creek upstream from Wawona CHILNUALNA C NR N WAWONA CA x Dana Fork upstream from Mammoth View Meadow DANA FORK A DANA MEADOW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Dana Fork downstream from Mammoth View Meadow DANA FORK A HIGHWAY 120 NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Dana Fork downstream from Tuolumne Lodge DANA FORK A FOOTBRIDGE NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Delaney Creek upstream from Delaney Meadow DELANEY C AB DELANY MDW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x x Delaney Creek upstream from PCT DELANEY C AB PACIFIC CREST TR NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS x x x x x x x Delaney Creek downstream from Delaney Meadow DELANEY C BL DELANEY MEADOW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x x Delaney Creek downstream from PCT DELANEY C BL PACIFIC CREST TR NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS x x x x x x x Falls Creek upstream from Hetch Hetchy Reservoir FALLS CREEK AB HETCH HETCHY RES NR WHITE WOLF CA x Fletcher Creek downstream from Fletcher meadow FLETCHER C BL EMERIC LAKE NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Fletcher Creek downstream from HSC-loop stream crossing FLETCHER C AB EMERIC LAKE NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Fletcher Creek downstream from Vogelsang HSC FLETCHER C BL VOGELSANG HIGH SIERRA CAMP CA x Galylor Creek upstream from Gaylor Meadow GAYLOR C 0.14 MI AB HWY 120 NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS C x x Galylor Creek downstream from Gaylor Meadow GAYLOR C 0.12 MI AB HWY 120 NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Illilouette Creek downstream from footbridge ILLILOUETTE C NR MONO MDW NR YOSEMITE VILLAGE CA x Ireland Creek upstream from Lyell Fork IRELAND C AB LYELL FK NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Lewis Creek upstream from footbridge LEWIS C AB FOOTBRIDGE NR YOSEMITE VILLAGE CA x Lyell Fork upstream from Middle Lyell Meadow LYELL FORK AB MIDDLE LYELL MDW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS x x Lyell Fork upstream from Twin Bridges LYELL FORK AB TWIN BRIDGES NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Lyell Fork downstream from Kuna Creek LYELL FK TUOLUMNE R.56 MI BL KUNA C NR TUOLUMNE M x x x x x Lyell Fork downstream from Maclure Creek LYELL FORK TUOLUMNE R BL MACLURE C NR TUOLUMNE MDW x x x x x x Lyell Fork downstream from Middle Lyell Meadow LYELL FORK BL MIDDLE LYELL MDW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS x x Lyell Fork downstream from Rock Camp LYELL FK TUOLUMNE R 1.4 MI BL KUNA C NR TUOLUMNE M x x x x x x Maclure Creek MACLURE C AB LYELL FORK NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x x x x x Matterhorn Creek upstream from Matterhorn Meadow MATTERHORN C AB MATTERHORN MDW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS x x Matterhorn Creek downstream from Matterhorn Meadow MATTERHORN C BL MATTERHORN MDW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOW x x Merced River upstream from Happy Isles Bridge MERCED R A HAPPY ISLES BRIDGE NR YOSEMITE CA x Merced River upstream from Merced Lake HSC MERCED R AB HIGH SIERRA CAMP NR TUOLUMNE MEADOW CA x Merced River upstream from Nevada Fall MERCED R A NEVADA FALLS NR YOSEMITE VILLAGE CA x Merced River downstream from Echo Creek MERCED R BL ECHO C NR YOSEMITE VILLAGE CA x Outlet Middle Granite Lake MIDDLE GRANITE LAKE OUTLET NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Outlet Lower Young Lake LOWER YOUNG LAKE OUTLET NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x x x x Outlet May Lake downstream from May Lake HSC MAY LK CA x Outlet May Lake upstream from Snow Flat Meadow SNOW C AB SNOW FLAT MEADOW NR YOSEMITE VILLAGE CA x x Outlet May Lake below Snow Flat Meadow SNOW C BL SNOW FLAT MEADOW NR YOSEMITE VILLAGE CA x x Outlet Lower Gaylor Lake LOWER GAYLOR LAKE OUTLET NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Outlet Tenaya Lake TENAYA LK CA x Parker Creek upstream from Parker Meadow PARKER PASS C AB PARKER MDW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Parker Creek downstream from Parker Meadow PARKER PASS C BL PARKER MDW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Piute Creek upstream from Big Meadow PIUTE C AB BIG MEADOW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Piute Creek downstream from Big Meadow PIUTE C BL BIG MEADOW NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x Rafferty Creek RAFFERTY C NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Rancheria Creek upstream from Hetch Hetchy Reservoir RANCHERIA C AB HETCH HETCHY RES NR WHITE WOLF CA x Return Creek upstream from Tuolumne River RETURN C AB FOOTBRIDGE NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Return Creek downstream from PCT RETURN C A VIRGINIA CYN NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Snow Creek downstream from footbridge SNOW C BLW FOOTBRIDGE NR YOSEMITE VILLAGE CA x South Fork Merced River upstream from Wawona SF MERCED BL SWINGING BRIDGE NR WAWONA CA x Spiller Creek upstream from PCT SPILLER CREEK NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Sunrise Creek downstream from Clouds Rest Junction SUNRISE C NR YOSEMITE VILLAGE CA x Sunrise Fork Echo Creek upstream from Sunrise Meadow LONG MDW C AB SUNRISE HSC CA x x Sunrise Fork Echo Creek downstream from Sunrise Meadow LONG MDW C TRIB NR SUNRISE HSC CA x x Tenaya Creek upstream from Horse Trail TENAYA C NR HALF DOME AB MIRROR LK CA x Tilltill Creek upstream from Hetch Hetchy Reservoir TILTILL C AB HETCH HETCHY RES NR WHITE WOLF CA x Tuolumne River upstream from Budd Creek TUOLUMNE R AB BUDD C A TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x x x x Tuolumne River upstream from Hetch Hetchy TUOLUMNE R A GRAND CYN OF TUOLUMNE AB HETCH HETCHY x Tuolumne River upstream from Tioga Bridge TUOLUMNE R AB HWY120 BRIDGE A TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Tuolumne River downstream from Conness Creek TUOLUMNE RIVER BL CONNESS C NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Tuolumne River downstream from Return Creek TUOLUMNE R BL RETURN C NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x Tuolumne River downstream from Tuolumne Meadows TUOLUMNE R.45 MI BL DELANEY C NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS x x Yosemite Creek upstream from Yosemite Falls YOSEMITE C AB UP YOSEMITE FALLS A YOSEMITE VILLAGE x Yosemite Creek downstream from Yosemite Falls YOSEMITE C BL LO YOSEMITE FALLS A YOSEMITE VILLAGE x Downstream from Outlet Lower Young Lake BELOW OUTLET LOWER YOUNG LAKE YOSE NP x x x Outlet Upper Young Lake UPPER YOUNG LAKE OUTLET NR TUOLUMNE MEADOWS CA x x

2 ESM_2. Chemical names, method reporting levels, likely sources in Yosemite National Park, and chemical use or occurrence for water and sediment samples collected in {NA, not analyzed; ND, not detected} Chemical Name Method Reporting Limit for Water Method Reporting Limit for Sediment Most Likely Source(s) for detections in Yosemite National Park Chemical Use or Occurrence 11-Ketotestosterone 2 ng/l 0.52 µg/kg ND natural androgen, oxidized form of testosterone found in trace quantities in humans and fish, also used in body building drugs 17-alpha-Estradiol 0.8 ng/l 0.2 µg/kg ND Synthetic estrogen 5a-reductase inhibitor used for the treatment of hair loss 17-alpha-Ethynyl estradiol 0.8 ng/l 0.2 µg/kg ND Synthetic bioactive estrogen used in oral contraceptive pills 17-beta-Estradiol 0.8 ng/l 0.4 µg/kg ND Steroid and estrogen primarily female sex hormone 2,4-D 5 ng/l NA ND herbicide 3-beta-Coprostanol 200 ng/l 50 µg/kg natural/human - local - animal waste cholesterol gut metabolite for most animals and birds, human fecal marker 4-Androstene-3,17-dione 0.8 ng/l 0.2 µg/kg natural or human - local - animal waste estrogen/androgen precursor, metabolite Acetaminophen 5 ng/l NA human - local - human waste drug - over-the-counter pain medication Atenolol 5 ng/l NA ND drug - betablocker, cardiovascular disease, hypertension Atrazine 2 ng/l NA ND herbicide Bisphenol A 20 ng/l, 100 ng/l 20 µg/kg human - local - human waste or trash BPA, plastics/resins Bupropion 1 ng/l NA ND drug - anti-depressant, reduce nicotine cravings Caffeine 10 ng/l NA human - local - human waste drug - natural stimulant Carbamazepine 2 ng/l NA ND drug - anti-convulsant, anti-epileptic, bipolar disorder, ADHD Cholesterol 200 ng/l 120 µg/kg natural/human - local - animal waste natural animal sterol/lipid, steroid hormone precursor Clarithromycin 2 ng/l NA ND drug -antibiotic cis-androsterone 0.8 ng/l 0.5 µg/kg natural - local - animals/pine pollen endogenous steroid hormone, weak androgen Cotinine 5 ng/l NA human - local - human waste drug - nicotine metabolite DEET (N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide) 25 ng/l NA human - local - human waste/contact insect repellent Diazinon 1 ng/l NA ND insecticide Dihydrotestosterone 4 ng/l 1.0 µg/kg ND DHT, natural sex hormone, strong androgen Diltiazem 5 ng/l NA ND drug - calcium channel blocker, hypertension, antianginal, migraine Diphenhydramine 5 ng/l NA ND drug - antihistamine Diuron 5 ng/l NA ND herbicide Epitestosterone 2.0 ng/l 1.0 µg/kg natural/human - local - animal waste natural antiandrogen steroid Equilenin 2.0 ng/l 0.52 µg/kg ND natural estrogen (mares), estrogen replacement therapy (Premarin) Equilin 8.0 ng/l 4.0 µg/kg ND natural estrogen (mares), estrogen replacement therapy (Premarin) Erythromycin 10 ng/l NA ND drug - macrolide antibiotic Estriol 2.0 ng/l 0.52 µg/kg ND natural estrogen Estrone 0.8 ng/l 0.5 µg/kg ND natural estrogen Fluridon 5 ng/l NA ND aquatic herbicide Gemfibrozil 5 ng/l NA ND drug - cholesterol medication Lamotrigine 5 ng/l NA ND drug - anticonvulsant Mestranol 0.8 ng/l 0.4 µg/kg ND EE2 prodrug, early oral contraceptive Metoprolol 1 ng/l NA ND drug - Lopressor, high blood pressure Norethindrone 0.8 ng/l 0.4 µg/kg ND synthetic hormone contraceptive Progesterone 8 ng/l 3.0 µg/kg natural/human - local - animal waste steroid hormone, progestogen, natural Propranolol 1 ng/l NA ND drug - high blood pressure Sucralose 15 ng/l NA ND artificial sweetener Sulfamethoxazole 5 ng/l NA ND drug - sulfonamide antibiotic Testosterone 1.6 ng/l 0.4 µg/kg natural/human - local - animal waste natural androgen trans-diethylstilbestrol 0.8 ng/l 0.33 µg/kg ND drug - pregnancy stabilizer, teratogen, carcinogen, obesogen Triclopyr 10 ng/l NA ND herbicide Trimethoprim 5 ng/l NA ND drug - antibiotic Venlafaxine 1 ng/l NA ND drug - Effexor, antidepressant SNRI

3 ESM_3. (a) Delaney Creek at PCT, and (b) Upper Lyell Fork, turbidity-based, log-linear models used to predict continuous concentrations during storm events. Storm dates included in each model, model coefficient of determination (R 2 ), model equation (y=water-quality indicator concentration in mg L -1 ; x=turbidity concentration in nephelometric turbidity units), and number of samples.. {PCT, Pacific Crest Trail} (a) Delaney Creek at PCT turbidity-based regression models Storm dates: 7/3/2013,7/25/2013 Storm dates: 7/16/2014 Model R 2 Model equation Number samples Model R 2 Model equation Number samples Delaney Creek upstream from PCT - suspended sediment y=4.424x y=1.069x Delaney Creek upstream from PCT - particulate nitrogen y=2.235x y=0.285x Delaney Creek upstream from PCT - particulate carbon y=2.436x y=0.312x Delaney Creek downstream from PCT - suspended sediment y=0.764x y=0.903x Delaney Creek downstream from PCT - particulate nitrogen 0.94 y=0.661x y=0.879x Delaney Creek downstream from PCT - particulate carbon y=0.557x y=0.969x Storm dates: 7/20/2013, 7/25/2013, 6/26/2014, (b) Upper Lyell Fork turbidity-based regression models 7/14/2014, 7/16/2014 Model R 2 Model equation Number samples Maclure Creek - suspended sediment concentration y=1.286x Lyell Fork downstream from PCT- suspended sediment concentration y=1.296x

4 ESM_4. Mean , annual pack stock crossings on trails in the Tuolumne Meadows study area. Paired sampling locations: (1) outlet Lower Young Lake; (2) Delaney Creek at PCT; (3) Cathedral Spring at JMT; (4) Lyell Fork Canyon; and (5) Upper Lyell Fork. Concessionaire corral 1 High Sierra Camp Major road Trail Paired Paired intensive Pack stock crossings / year 2 > 4,000 1,000-2,000 < Tuolumne Meadows Ranger Station Basemap: U.S. Geological Survey m Digital Elevation Model for Yosemite National Park. USGS

5 ESM_5. Median concentrations at (a) paired sites during fixed-interval sampling, and (b) paired-intensive sites during storms, method reporting limits in parentheses. {CFU, colony forming units; TDN, total dissolved nitrogen; PC, particulate carbon; SSC, suspended sediment concentration; NO 3, nitrate; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; TP, total phosphorous; PN, particulate nitrogen} (a) paired sites, fixed-interval outlet Lower Young Lake Upper Lyell Fork Cathedral Spring at JMT Delaney Creek at PCT Lyell Fork Canyon Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream E. coli (0 CFU 100ml -1 ) TDN (0.05 mg l -1 ) < < PC (0.05 mg l -1 ) SSC (0.1 mg l -1 ) < < NO 3 (0.007 mg l -1 ) < <0.007 < DOC (0.2 mg l -1 ) (b) paired-intensive sites, storms Delaney Creek at PCT Upper Lyell Fork Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream E. coli (0 CFU 100ml -1 ) TDN (0.05 mg l -1 ) PC (0.05 mg l -1 ) SSC (0.1 mg l -1 ) NO 3 (0.007 mg l -1 ) <0.007 < DOC (0.2 mg l -1 ) TP (0.004 mg l -1 ) <0.004 PN (0.017 mg l -1 )

6 ESM_6. Concentrations of detected pharmaceuticals and related chemicals in ng L -1 in water samples from Yosemite National Park, {PCT, Pacific Crest Trail} Delaney Creek at PCT Upper Lyell Fork Tuolumne River Chemical Name upstream, 7/25/13 (average of two samples) downstream, 7/25/13 (average of two samples) upstream, 7/28/13 downstream, 7/28/13 upstream from Budd Creek, 8/5/13 Acetaminophen < <5 <5 <5 Caffeine <10 Cotinine <5 6.6 <5 <5 <5 DEET

7 ESM_7. Concentrations of detected hormones and related chemicals in µg kg -1 in sediment samples collected on 7/30/2013. {PCT, Pacific Crest Trail; JMT, John Muir Trail; E, estimated concentration} Delaney Creek at PCT Cathedral Spring at JMT Tuolumne River upstream from Budd Creek Chemical Name upstream downstream upstream downstream Outlet Upper Young Lake Outlet Lower Young Lake 3-beta-Coprostanol <20.8 E234 E19.8 E78.2 <19.0 <17.0 < Androstene-3,17-dione <0.76 <0.45 <0.08 <0.07 <0.09 Bisphenol A <4.2 <6.4 <3.7 E4.7 <3.8 <3.4 <3.3 Cholesterol E943 >2545 E200 >1412 E1138 E201 E570 Epitestosterone 0.08 <0.64 <0.37 <0.35 <0.38 <0.34 <0.33 Progesterone E1.30 <3.33 <0.54 E1.53 <0.53 <0.34 <0.33

8 ESM_8. Concentrations of detected hormones and related chemicals in ng L -1 in water samples from Yosemite National Park, {PCT, Pacific Crest Trail; JMT, John Muir Trail; E, estimated concentration} Delaney Creek at PCT Delaney Creek at PCT Upper Lyell Fork Upper Lyell Fork upstream, 7/25/13 (average of two samples) downstream, 7/25/13 (average of two samples) upstream, 7/30/13 (average of two samples) downstream, 7/30/13 (average of two samples) Lyell Fork Canyon downstream from Rock Camp, 7/30/13 Cathedral Spring at JMT Outlet Upper Young Lake, 7/30/13 Lower Young Lake outlet Tuolumne River upstream from Budd Creek, 7/30/13 upstream, downstream, upstream, downstream, upstream, downstream, upstream, downstream, Chemical Name 7/28/13 7/28/13 7/30/13 7/30/13 7/30/13 7/30/13 7/30/13 7/30/ Androstene-3,17-dione < <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 <0.8 Cholesterol <200 <295 <200 <200 <200 <200 <244 <200 <200 E673 E1535 <539 <200 <200 Progesterone < <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 <8.0 Testosterone <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 <1.6 < <1.6 Tuolumne River upstream from Budd Creek, 8/28/13

Sun City Lincoln Hills Pine Mountain Lake/ Yosemite Getaway.

Sun City Lincoln Hills Pine Mountain Lake/ Yosemite Getaway. Monday May 21, 2018- Thursday May 24, 2018 Preliminary information, specifics to follow next year Our spring getaway will include hiking in