National Park Service - Coho Salmon & Steelhead Trout Restoration Project

Transcription

1 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Salmonid Trends in Lagunitas and Redwood Creek Mt. Tamalpais Watersheds National Park Service - Coho Salmon & Steelhead Trout Restoration Project Brannon Ketcham Hydrologist Point Reyes National Seashore Point Reyes Station, CA 94956

2 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Presentation Objectives Background on aquatic resources in Lagunitas Creek and Redwood Creek Monitoring Efforts in these coastal Marin watersheds Coho salmon cohort comparisons Lagunitas Creek Redwood Creek severe declines Interpreting the news Take Home Message Generally estimates are that salmonid populations are % of historic numbers Greater Lagunitas coho population represents 0-0% of the CCCESU. Lagunitas Creek system is exceptional Represents southernmost stable coho populations

3 National National Park Service Park Point Reyes National Point Reyes National Seashore Lagunitas Salmonids Coho Chum Chinook Steelhead

4 Roach

5 Sculpin

6 Stickleback

7 Sucker

8 California freshwater shrimp

9 Coho salmon

10 National National Park Service Park Point Reyes National Point Reyes National Seashore Coho Salmon CCCESU Status: ENDANGERED

11 Steelhead

12 National National Park Service Park Point Reyes National Point Reyes National Seashore Steelhead CCCESU Status: THEATENED

13 Chinook

14 National National Park Service Park Point Reyes National Point Reyes National Seashore Chinook Salmon Central Coast ESU Status: THEATENED

15 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Monitoring Efforts in Coastal Marin Marin Municipal Water District Lagunitas, San Geronimo, Devils Gulch Spawner surveys Winter Summer index reach surveys 993 Smolt Trapping 006, 008 SPAWN - San Geronimo Tributaries Spawner surveys Smolt Trapping 006 National Park Service Olema, Redwood, Pine Gulch Spawner surveys 996 Summer Index Reach Surveys 998 Basinwide Estimates Smolt Trapping 00 Pine Gulch, 003 Olema, 004 Redwood

16 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore

17 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Coho salmon response to Ocean Condition Dramatic decline in fishery in mid-970s Correlation to the shift in ocean productivity from California coast towards Alaska. Pacific Decadal Oscillation year cycle - shifted back to the south in last few years Coho Salmon Ocean phase Coho salmon feed in shallower waters, close to shore on nectonic species juvenile fish, euphausiids, decapod larvae, & hyperiid amphipods coho population collapse synchronous along CA coast directly related to the reduced California Current

18 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Coastal Marin Coho Salmon Lagunitas Creek watershed Southernmost stable population in CCC ESU 5-0% coho in this ESU Two strong year classes (YC & ), one weak one (YC 3) Redwood Creek Distinct from Lagunitas Creek population Related to Pine Gulch Creek occurrence Annual returns, no adults observed in YC stable, YC recent hard hit, YC3 weakest Outlook All year classes are represented and resilient Address limiting factors within watershed Understand ocean survival and impact on populations

19 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Coastal Marin Coho Salmon Three Year Classes YC Strong in Lagunitas Creek watershed Stable but low in Redwood Creek watershed YC Strong in Lagunitas Creek watershed Strongest and increasing in Redwood Creek watershed Significant decline in in all watersheds YC3 Weak in Lagunitas Creek watershed Weakest in Redwood Creek watershed

20 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Coho in Coastal Marin Watersheds Coho Salmon Redds in the Lagunitas Creek Watershed 600 Other Tribs (Nicasio, Cheda, etc) Devil's Gulch 500 Olema Creek San Geronimo +tribs Lagunitas Creek Number of Redds Spawner Year Lagunitas Creek, San Geronimo Creek, Devil s Gulch, and Olema Creek Coho Salmon redd results by year class winter thorough winter Year classes are designated by color (Year Class shown in yellow, Year Class shown in blue, Year Class 3 shown in red). Data provided by NPS, MMWD, and SPAWN.

21 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Coho in Coastal Marin Watersheds Coho Salmon Redds in the Redwood Creek Watershed Kent Canyon Fern Creek Redwood Creek 40 Number of Redds Spawner Year Year classes are designated by color (Year Class shown in yellow, Year Class shown in blue, Year Class 3 shown in red). Data provided by NPS,.

22 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Coastal Marin Coho Salmon Life-cycle monitoring for coho salmon cohort (year class) Adult Escapement/Redd Counts Estimate egg numbers Juvenile density/population estimate Egg to juvenile survival Redd success Spring refugia for newly emerged salmon Smolt trap outmigration estimate Juvenile to smolt survival Overwintering habitat Egg to smolt survival Aggregate watershed production Cohort Adult Escapement Smolt to adult Ocean survival

23 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Coho in Coastal Marin Watersheds A Comparison of Multiple life stage observations of coho salmon within Coastal Marin watersheds for the Year Class. Spawner Year Redwood Creek Olema Creek Pine Gulch Creek PLD Index Redds c Average Female Fork Length a Estimated number of Eggs 0,38 b 30,0 b,99 b Basinwide Juvenile Estimate 6,45 ±,367 5,857 ±, Estimated Survival Rate Egg to Juvenile 6.7%.3% 4.9% Watershed Smolt Production Estimate 3,48 ± 66,96 ± 74 d 0 Estimated Survival Rate Juvenile to Smolt 38.67% 5.0% 9.6% Estimated Survival Rate Egg to Smolt.4% 0.56% 4.55% Redwood Creek watershed Spawner Year Olema Creek mainstem (watershed) Pine Gulch Creek PLD Index 8 80 (08) 0 Redds 66 (95) 0 Estimated Survival Rate Smolt to Adult.3% 8.33% 0.00% a Average female length based on female carcass lengths on Redwood Creek for spawner years thru b Estimated number of eggs using Shapovalov and Taft (954) formula based on average female fork length c Based on presence of juvenile coho observations during the summer basinwide surveys, it is assumed that at least one coho pair successfully constructed a viable redd. d Trapping operations were suspended on May 8 th, 005 due to high flows and red-legged frog captures. This resulted in an artificially low smolt production estimate.

24 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Coho in Coastal Marin Watersheds A Comparison of Multiple life stage observations of coho salmon within Coastal Marin watersheds for the Year Class. Redwood Creek Watershed Spawner Year Olema Creek mainstem (watershed) Pine Gulch Creek PLD Index 7 84 (70) 3 Redds (37) 3 Average Female Fork Length a Estimated number of Eggs,35 b 49,599 b 6,597 b Basinwide Juvenile Estimate 8,594 ±,65 9,887 ± 9,970 3,50 ± 554 Estimated Survival Rate Egg to Juvenile 4.0%.0% 7.4% Watershed Smolt Production Estimate 4 3,53 ± 54 0,544 ± 8, ± 76 Estimated Survival Rate Juvenile to Smolt 37.9% 35.3% 3.0% Estimated Survival Rate Egg to Smolt.5% 4.% 5.6% Redwood Creek watershed Spawner Year Olema Creek mainstem (watershed) Pine Gulch Creek PLD Index 5 0* (33) Redds (5) Estimated Survival Rate Smolt to Adult % 0.7% a Average female length based on female carcass lengths on Redwood Creek for spawner years thru b Estimated number of eggs using Shapovalov and Taft (954) formula based on average female fork length

25 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Coho in Coastal Marin Watersheds A Comparison of multiple life stage observations of coho salmon within Coastal Marin watersheds for the Year Class Redw ood Creek Olema Creek Pine Gulch Creek # of coho salmon SY Adults Egg estimate Juvenile Estimate Smolt Production Returning Adults

26 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Coho in Coastal Marin Watersheds A Comparison of multiple life stage observations of coho salmon in Redwood Creek for the Year Class Spring Emergence and Rearing # of coho salmon Winter Rearing Upstream Migration and Spawning Ocean and Estuary Rearing 0 Expected return based on regional return rates SY Adults Egg estimate Juvenile Estimate Smolt Production Returning Adults

27 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Winter Decline of returning coho salmon to streams in California and Oregon 007/08 relative to returns in 004/05. Streams listed from north to south. % Decline of Returning Coho Salmon 0% 0% 40% 60% 80% 00% Oregon Coast ESU ( streams) Mill Creek (Smith River Trib) Bogus Creek Shasta River Trinity River Freshwater Creek Elk River Eel River Pudding Creek Lagunitas Creek Olema Creek Pine Gulch Creek Redwood Creek Scott Creek (from MacFarlane R.B., S. Hayes, B. Wells Coho and Chinook salmon decline in California during the spawning seasons of 007/08. Unpublished document from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, Ca.)

28 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore (from MacFarlane R.B., S. Hayes, B. Wells Coho and Chinook salmon decline in California during the spawning seasons of 007/08. Unpublished document from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, Ca.) WOPI and NOI Lagunitas Creek Redds Index Value Year Number of Redds Spawner Year The Wells Ocean Productivity Index (WOPI, black line) and the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI, grey line) between 975 and 006. Values derived for March-August. Note the close fit between the larger-scale NOI, which represents the strength of the North Pacific high pressure cell, and local-scale WOPI, except for recent years ( ), suggesting a change in local conditions. Low values indicate conditions for lower biological productivity.

29 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore (from MacFarlane R.B., S. Hayes, B. Wells Coho and Chinook salmon decline in California during the spawning seasons of 007/08. Unpublished document from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, Ca.) WOPI and NOI Olema PLD Escapement Index Index Value PLD Minimum Escapement Estimate Year Spawner Year The Wells Ocean Productivity Index (WOPI, black line) and the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI, grey line) between 975 and 006. Values derived for March-August. Note the close fit between the larger-scale NOI, which represents the strength of the North Pacific high pressure cell, and local-scale WOPI, except for recent years ( ), suggesting a change in local conditions. Low values indicate conditions for lower biological productivity.

30 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore (from MacFarlane R.B., S. Hayes, B. Wells Coho and Chinook salmon decline in California during the spawning seasons of 007/08. Unpublished document from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, Ca.) WOPI and NOI Redwood PLD Escapement Index Index Value PLD Minimum Escapement Estimate Year Spawner Year The Wells Ocean Productivity Index (WOPI, black line) and the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI, grey line) between 975 and 006. Values derived for March-August. Note the close fit between the larger-scale NOI, which represents the strength of the North Pacific high pressure cell, and local-scale WOPI, except for recent years ( ), suggesting a change in local conditions. Low values indicate conditions for lower biological productivity.

31 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Outlook for Salmonids in Coastal Marin Watersheds Southernmost stable coho populations Lagunitas Creek system is exceptional Ensure resiliency in system watershed constraints, limitations Ocean survival, susceptibility to regional shifts in circulation and temperature regimes Coho (3 year life-cycle) compared to Chinook (3-5 year lifecycle) Impact already has hit coho populations (SY 06-07, SY07-08) However next cohort is traditionally the weakest Ramifications for Chinook another - years

32 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Coordinated efforts and watershed collaboration In coastal Marin, our fisheries resource is unusual. It is important that we both appreciate what we have, and strive to improve it.

33 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Restoration relationship to life-stage Riparian Protection Rearing habitat, temperature control, structure in channel Woody Debris Structures Rearing habitat, temperature control, structure in channel Streambank Stabilization sediment, rearing habitat, spawning habitat, structure in channel Fish Passage adult passage, juvenile passage for access to overwintering and rearing habitat Floodplain recovery limited rearing, overwintering for coho, California Red-legged frog habitat Estuarine Habitat Restoration outmigration feeding, adult spawner refugia

34 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Riparian Protection Riparian Protection Rearing habitat, temperature control, structure in channel Gale Ranch, Walker Creek Watershed Photos courtesy of Marin RCD

35 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Woody Debris Structures Woody Debris Structures Rearing habitat, temperature control, structure in channel Habitat Complexity increased with additional woody debris. Susceptible to high flows. Structure moved on high flows subsequent to photos. Lagunitas Creek Watershed Photos courtesy of MMWD

36 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Streambank Stabilization Streambank Stabilization sediment, rearing habitat, spawning habitat, structure in channel Randall Slide, Olema Creek

37 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Fish Passage Fish Passage adult passage, juvenile passage for access to overwintering and rearing habitat, natural channel process Bates Canyon San Geronimo Cr. Courtesy of Marin County - DPW

38 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Floodplain Process Floodplain recovery / Restoration limited rearing, overwintering for coho, California Red-legged frog habitat Olema Flat, Olema Creek

39 National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore Estuarine Restoration and Function Estuarine Habitat Restoration outmigration feeding, adult spawner refugia Giacomini Wetland Restoration Area, Tomales Bay

40 National Park National Service Park Service Point Reyes Point National Reyes Seashore National Seashore Restoration Activities in the Watershed Marin Municipal Water District Sediment Management Projects (30+ sites) Riparian Enhancement and Woody Debris Structures 43 Woody Debris sites 9 Riparian sites SPAWN Outreach and Education Riparian protection and streambank stabilization National Park Service Olema, Redwood, Pine Gulch Fish Passage Riparian Protection (fencing, planting), Streambank Stabilization Estuarine Restoration, Floodplain protection Marin County Fish Passage Enhancement Marin Resource Conservation District Best Management Practices on Rangeland Riparian Protection, streambank stabilization