MANPAD Protection for Commercial Aircraft

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Randall Stevenson
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1 MANPAD Protection for Commercial Aircraft Jack Pledger Director, IRCM Business Development April 2004

2 Introduction The Threat 2

The Threat is Real and Present Today Type Region Non-State Group 1 Location Band I 2 Band IV 2 Africa Armed Islamic Group (GIA) Algeria Stinger Huta Militiamen Rwanda Unspecified Unspecified N. Un. For Tot.

Unspecified United Somali Congress Somalia Unspecified Unspecified Asia Harkat ull-ansar (HUA) Kashmir SA-7 Hizbul Majahideen (HM) Kashmir Stinger Khmer Rouge Thailand, Cambodia Unspecified

3 The Threat is Real and Present Today Type Region Non-State Group 1 Location Band I 2 Band IV 2 Africa Armed Islamic Group (GIA) Algeria Stinger Huta Militiamen Rwanda Unspecified Unspecified N. Un. For Tot. Ind. Angola (UNITA) Angola Unspecified Unspecified Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) Ethiopia Unspecified Unspecified Rwanda Patriotic Front Rwanda SA-7 SA-16 Somali National Alliance Somalia Unspecified Unspecified United Somali Congress Somalia Unspecified Unspecified Asia Harkat ull-ansar (HUA) Kashmir SA-7 Hizbul Majahideen (HM) Kashmir Stinger Khmer Rouge Thailand, Cambodia Unspecified Unspecified Liberation Tigers of Tamil Belam (LTTE) Sri Lanka SA-7, HN-5 SA-14, Stinger United State Wa Army Myanmar SA-7, HN-5 Europe Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) Kosovo SA-7 Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) Turkey SA-7 Stinger National Liberation Army (UCK) Macedonia SA-18 Prov. Irish Republican Army (PIRA) Northern Ireland SA-7 Mid-East Al Qa'ida Afghanistan SA-7 Stinger Hezbulla Lebanon SA-7 Stinger, QW-1 Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) Turkey SA-7 Stinger Palestine Authority (PA) Palestine, Lebanon SA-7 Stinger Pop. Fr. For the Liberation of Palestine Palestine, Lebanon Unspecified Unspecified Taliban Afghanistan SA-7 Stinger S. America National Liberation Army (ELN) Columbia Stinger Revol. Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) Columbia SA-7 SA-14, SA-16 1 "The Proliferation of MANPADS." Jane's Intelligence Review, September Jane's Land-Based Air Defence, : Jane's Electro-Optic Systems,

4 Zone of Susceptibility 300 Sq Miles per Runway 4

5 IRCM APPROACHES 5

MANPAD Threat Sophisticated IR Seekers Jet aircraft have infrared signatures emitting from engine plumes, hot exhaust gases, hot metal parts, and/or solar reflections MANPAD threats have seekers that

6 MANPAD Threat Sophisticated IR Seekers Jet aircraft have infrared signatures emitting from engine plumes, hot exhaust gases, hot metal parts, and/or solar reflections MANPAD threats have seekers that range from simple hot metal trackers to more sophisticated plume trackers Reflected Sunlight Skin Emissions Emissions From Warm Avionics Bay Sun Hot Air Plume From Environmental Control Air Conditioning Packs Plume Emissions Hot engine Parts RELATIVE RESPONSE Response Curves for Typical IR Missile Systems Hot Metal Engine Plume WAVELENGTH (microns) Missile seeker spectral response is a function of detector type and the spectral characteristics of the internal optical components IRCM Solution Requires Multiple-Band Coverage 6

Approaches to Infrared Countermeasures Aircraft Signature Suppression Objective: Reduce the IR signature of the aircraft Cannot

attractive IR target to the missile Effective against 1 st and 2 nd Gen IR threats Limited performance against newer threats

Objective: Create false guidance signals within missile seeker to induce sufficient missile miss distance Proven effective

7 Approaches to Infrared Countermeasures Aircraft Signature Suppression Objective: Reduce the IR signature of the aircraft Cannot fully eliminate signature Engine performance, cost, and weight impacts to consider Flare Decoy IRCM Objective: Present a more attractive IR target to the missile Effective against 1 st and 2 nd Gen IR threats Limited performance against newer threats Hazardous materials and munitions storage considerations Limited decoy resources Higher operational costs Directed IRCM Objective: Create false guidance signals within missile seeker to induce sufficient missile miss distance Proven effective against 1 st through 3 rd Generation IR threats Induces optical breaklock Safer over populated areas than burning flares Re-usable jamming resources 7

8 Northrop Grumman Military IRCM Systems Large Transmitter Lamp System Small Transmitter Lamp System Small Transmitter Laser System Guardian TM System (In Development) 8

9 Function 9

10 Laser DIRCM Engagement LAUNCH AAR-54 Processor Transmitter Laser 1) MWS DETECT & DECLARE 2) SLEW & HAND-OFF 3) TRACK 4) JAM 10

engagements 100% jamming effectiveness 100% hardware reliability With Jamming

11 The Legacy Systems Successful Live-Fire Provides Foundation for Commercial Counter-MANPADS Program No Jamming VIDEO Laser-based (June-July 2002) 21 missile engagements 100% jamming effectiveness 100% hardware reliability With Jamming VIDEO VIDEO Fully Autonomous System (i.e., No a Priori Knowledge of Missile Type or Location) 11

12 Transition from Military to Commercial Commercial Approach 12

13 AN/AAQ-24(V) DIRCM in Production on 22 Aircraft Platforms US LAIRCM C-130s International Selection Over 250 individual aircraft 13

14 LAIRCM System LAIRCM installed on C-17 aircraft Protects C-17 from infrared guided missiles In service Forerunner to pod configuration for commercial airline fleet protection 14

15 Moving From Military to Commercial Operations Operation No operator input required Jam codes encrypted (no crew interaction required) Multi-source ground inhibit Maintainability Delivered system aligned at OEM One pod for use across all aircraft types Removal and replacement using standard hand tools No test equipment required BIT integrated within the DIRCM system Easy to read system go/no-go indicator Maintenance requirements aligned with standard airline practices Airline Friendly Concept 15

Universal Mounting Attachment Concept Common Interface Simple Installation Unique Aircraft A/C Interface Plate Common Interface Optical Bed TRU

16 Universal Mounting Attachment Concept Common Interface Simple Installation Unique Aircraft A/C Interface Plate Common Interface Optical Bed TRU Processor Simple Bolt on Connector(s) Pod level R&R Minimize A/C impact Minimize airport impact MWS (4) Pod Controller/ Interface Guardian Shroud 16

Mounting Location Optimized with Airline

aircraft in the constant section forward

coverage and engine to jammer separation

17 Mounting Location Optimized with Airline Industry Participation MD Under the aircraft in the constant section forward of the tail strike location Optimize coverage and engine to jammer separation Consideration of structure, antennas, obstructions, airflow, drag Photos Courtesy of Northrop Grumman / BAe Flight Systems 17

18 Installation 18

19 Aircraft Adapter Concept Aircraft / pod mounting adapter Provides unique mounting interface to aircraft while using a common pod design interface Aircraft specific adapters take advantage of internal structure available in each aircraft type Accepts aircraft specific mold line contours Actual attachments points are aircraft dependent Allow pod remove and replacement in < 1 hour Aircraft modification time will be less than 4 days Aircraft Aircraft Specific Mounting Adapter Aircraft/Pod Interconnect Harness Adapters Thickness Will Vary Only to Fit All Aircraft Mold Lines DIRCM Conformal Pod with Common Interface 19

20 Flight Line Install Pod installation on flight line requires four steps: Raise pod to aircraft Connect power and signal connector between aircraft and pod Attach pod to aircraft adapter Run test Remove and replace time will be less than 1 hour Aircraft modification time will be less than 4 days 20

21 Aircraft Modifications Typical structural aircraft modifications will consist of installation of doublers, ribs, stringers, intercostals 21

22 Universal Aircraft Installation Designed to fit a full range of commercial platforms DIRCM conformal pod, with common interface, located on the bottom of the aircraft just forward of the rotation or tail strike point B737 MD11 B747 22

Maintenance Concept Seamless Integration With Standard Maintenance Practices Fault tolerant BIT no test equipment required All DIRCM maintenance actions coincide with current airline scheduled

23 Maintenance Concept Seamless Integration With Standard Maintenance Practices Fault tolerant BIT no test equipment required All DIRCM maintenance actions coincide with current airline scheduled intervals Required actions will not increase aircraft out of service time Clean windows Replace consumables Pod designed for R&R to be accomplished in 60 minutes Task and skills requirement consistent with those currently present in airline environment (avionics background not required) Flight crew interaction is to: Visual check of pod during aircraft walk-around Observe system status indicator Removal and Replacement Within Airline Standard of One Hour 23

24 Training Maintenance Aircrew Aircrew Projected to be 30 minutes in duration To be incorporated in existing course Familiarization System concept of operation Effects to aircraft Protocol when laser fire notification received Inventory/Storage/ Security Inventory/Storage/Security Projected to be 2 hours in duration To be incorporated in existing course Familiarization Weight and handling characteristics Restrictions in handling Records management Training Maintenance (treated much like another piece of emergency equipment) A&P mechanic skill level required Initial classroom or on-line tutorial projected to be 2 hours in duration or less To be incorporated in existing course Familiarization System concept of operation Pod/aircraft interface Pod removal and replacement Basic maintenance program tasks Airport/Airline Operations Airport/Airline Operations Centers Staff Projected to be 2 hours in duration To be incorporated in existing course Familiarization System concept of operation Emergency notification protocol Emergency response plans 24

25 Summary 25

26 All Aspects of Airport Airline Operations are Being Considered Proven capability to protect large aircraft Minimal impact to daily operations Minimize airline maintenance cost through Majority of maintenance tasks during normal maintenance schedule Ease of pod R&R Low training/technical pubs impact Low logistics foot print Fits into airline operating procedures Airlines are part of the TEAM 26

Aus-DIRCM Lear Jet Flight Demonstration

Aus-DIRCM Lear Jet Flight Demonstration Lyell Wedd Airborne Self Protection SPO Defence Materiel Organisation Canberra, ACT John Cole Tenix Defence Pty. Ltd. Second Avenue, Technology Park, Mawson Lakes