ext Subject: Proposals for the amendment of Annex 6, Parts I, II and III regarding carriage requirements of flight recorders

Transcription

1 International Civil Aviation Organization Organisation de l aviation civile internationale Tel.: ext Ref.: SP 55/4-17/1 Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional Международная организация гражданской авиации 20 January 2017 Subject: Proposals for the amendment of Annex 6, Parts I, II and III regarding carriage requirements of flight recorders Action required: Comments to reach Montréal by 20 April 2017 Sir/Madam, 1. I have the honour to inform you that the Air Navigation Commission, at the third and fourth meetings of its 203rd Session held on 27 October and 24 November 2016, respectively, considered proposals developed by the ninth meeting of the Flight Recorder Specific Working Group (FLIRECSWG/9) to amend the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) in Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft, Part I International Commercial Air Transport Aeroplanes, Part II International General Aviation Aeroplanes and Part III International Operations Helicopters, concerning flight recorders, and authorized their transmission to Contracting States and appropriate international organizations for comments. 2. Background information on the aforementioned amendment proposals is provided in Attachment A. The proposed amendments, contained in Attachments B, C and D hereto, introduce new SARPs on airborne image recordings, additional flight data recorder (FDR) parameters and the simplification of flight recorder SARPs. The rationales have been provided in text boxes immediately following the proposals. 3. In examining the proposed amendments, you should not feel obliged to comment on editorial aspects as such matters will be addressed by the ANC during its final review of the draft amendments. 4. May I request that any comments you wish to make on the amendment proposals be dispatched to reach me not later than 20 April The Air Navigation Commission has asked me to specifically indicate that comments received after the due date may not be considered by the Commission and the Council. In this connection, should you anticipate a delay in the receipt of your reply, please let me know in advance of the due date. 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard Montréal, Quebec Canada H3C 5H7 Tel.: Fax: icaohq@icao.int

2 For your information, the proposed amendments to Annex 6, Parts I, II and III are envisaged for applicability on 8 November Any comments you may have thereon would be appreciated. 6. The subsequent work of the ANC and the Council would be greatly facilitated by specific statements on the acceptability or otherwise of the proposals. Please note that for the review of your comments by the ANC and the Council, replies are normally classified as agreement with or without comments, disagreement with or without comments or no indication of position. If in your reply the expressions no objections or no comments are used, they will be taken to mean agreement without comment and no indication of position, respectively. In order to facilitate proper classification of your response, a form has been included in Attachment E which may be completed and returned together with your comments, if any, on the proposals in Attachments B, C and D. Accept, Sir/Madam, the assurances of my highest consideration. Enclosures: A Background B Proposed amendment to Annex 6, Part I C Proposed amendment to Annex 6, Part II D Proposed amendment to Annex 6, Part III E Response form Fang Liu Secretary General

3 ATTACHMENT A to State letter SP 55/4-17/1 BACKGROUND 1. The ninth meeting of the Flight Recorder Specific Working Group (FLIRECSWG/9) reconsidered airborne image recordings and the addition of flight data parameters after the Air Navigation Commission (ANC) referred them back to the FLIRECSWG for further consideration. The FLIRECSWG also considered the simplification of the flight recorder SARPs, which started at the seventh meeting of the Flight Recorder Panel (FLIRECP/7) and concluded with the proposed amendments as modified by the ANC discussions. The ANC approved these proposals to be transmitted for comments by Member States. 2. The proposed amendments, as modified by the discussions of the ANC, are contained in Attachments B, C and D. The proposed amendments to Annex 6 introduce: a) airborne image recordings: to provide provisions for the recording of information displayed to the flight crew, as well as the recording of operation of switches and selectors by flight crew. The proposal includes a provision for a bulk erase function for both CVRs and AIRs; b) flight data recorder parameter lists: to propose sets of parameters for inclusion in the parameter guidance lists of Annex 6, Parts I and II and a set applicable to helicopters for Annex 6, Part III; and c) simplification of flight recorder SARPs: to revise the SARPs in Annex 6, Part I with the aim of simplifying them, but not to change the intent of the provisions. The amendments apply to Parts II and III. 3. The issues related to image recordings and additional flight data recorder (FDR) parameters were considered in the light of a number of safety recommendations addressed to ICAO. The image recording proposal was re-discussed after the Council adopted additional and enhanced protections for accident and incident investigation records in Annex 13 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation on 22 February The ANC requested the provisions to be in force for image recordings be reconsidered. During the simplification of the flight recorder-related SARPs, the FLIRECSWG reformatted the provisions in order to facilitate their interpretation while retaining the intent of the provisions. 4. There is no retrofit implication for airborne image recordings and the additional FDR parameters. The impact is expected to be minimal. The additional data available to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of investigations would contribute to safety. The simplified flight recorder provisions, in turn, would improve the understanding of the flight recorder requirements, resulting in increased efficiency. 5. The proposals are followed by supporting rationales, intended to facilitate due consideration by States and international organizations.

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5 ATTACHMENT B to State letter SP 55/4-17/1 PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO ANNEX 6, PART I NOTES ON THE PRESENTATION OF THE PROPOSED AMENDMENT The text of the amendment is arranged to show deleted text with a line through it and new text highlighted with grey shading, as shown below: 1. Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it. text to be deleted 2. New text to be inserted is highlighted with grey shading. new text to be inserted 3. Text to be deleted is shown with a line through it followed by the replacement text which is highlighted with grey shading. new text to replace existing text

6 B-2 PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT ANNEX 6 TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION PART I INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT AEROPLANES INITIAL PROPOSAL 1 (Airborne image recordings) CHAPTER 6. AEROPLANE INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND FLIGHT DOCUMENTS... Editorial Note. Insert new paragraphs and renumber subsequent paragraphs Airborne image recordings and airborne image recording systems Applicability All aeroplanes of a maximum take-off mass of over kg for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2023 shall be equipped with a crash-protected flight recorder which shall record images of the information displayed to the flight crew, as well as the operation of switches and selectors by the flight crew as defined in Appendix Recommendation. All aeroplanes of a maximum take-off mass of over kg, up to and including kg, for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2023 should be equipped with a crash-protected flight recorder which should record images of the information displayed to the flight crew, as well as the operation of switches and selectors by the flight crew, as defined in Appendix Duration The minimum recording duration shall be 2 hours.

7 B Correlation Image recordings shall be able to be correlated to the recorded cockpit audio.... APPENDIX 8. FLIGHT RECORDERS (Chapter 6, 6.3, 6.18, refers) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1.3 The flight recorder systems shall be installed so that: d) until 31 December 2022, if the flight recorder systems have a bulk erasure device, the installation shall be designed to prevent operation of the device during flight time or crash impact.; and e) on or after 1 January 2023, a flight crew-operated bulk erase function shall be provided on the flight deck which, when activated, modifies the recording of a CVR and AIR so that it cannot be retrieved using normal replay or copying techniques. The installation shall be designed to prevent activation during flight. In addition, the probability of an inadvertent activation of a bulk erase function during an accident shall also be minimized. Note. The bulk erase function is intended to prevent access to CVR and AIR recordings by normal replay or copying means, but would not prevent accident investigation authorities access to such recordings by specialized replay or copying techniques AIRBORNE IMAGE RECORDER (AIR) AND AIRBORNE IMAGE RECORDING SYSTEM (AIRS) Applications to be recorded The operation of switches and selectors and the images displayed to the flight crew from electronic displays shall be captured by image sensors or other electronic means The recording of operation of switches and selectors by the flight crew shall include the following: any switch or selector that will affect the operation and the navigation of the aircraft; and selection of normal and alternate systems. Note. Most of the crew actions on switches and selectors can be recorded by the FDR of new generation aircraft The recording of images of the information displayed to the flight crew shall include the following: primary flight and navigation displays; aircraft system monitoring displays; engine indication displays;

8 B-4 traffic, terrain, and weather displays; crew alerting systems displays; stand-by instruments; and installed EFB The recording of such images shall not capture the head and shoulders of the flight crew members whilst seated in their normal operating position.... Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: Eight safety recommendations addressed to ICAO recommended that provisions for the availability of image recordings be included in Annex 6. The issues leading to these recommendations vary from a lack of data not available on either the CVR or FDR to analyse human performance, to the lack of data because no CVR or FDR was installed in the aircraft, or where it was unclear what was displayed to the flight crew during the occurrence. With the conclusions of the work by the Group of Experts on Protection of Accident and Incident Records (GEPAIR), the FLIRECSWG considered airborne image recordings again and made proposals for image recordings of the information displayed to the flight crew, and the operation of switches and selectors. Whereas Class A AIR or AIRS records images of the cockpit area that include some body parts of the crew (e.g. arms, hands and the back of their heads), the proposed recordings would not capture the hands and shoulders, making them less appealing to the media, thus assisting the protection of such information. The FLIRECSWG also agreed to strengthen the requirements for a bulk erase function available to the crew to erase CVR and AIR recordings after flights. It was reported that some States either do not have provisions for bulk erase functions, or have regulations that no such function should be available to the crew. In the case of solid-state recorders, although the bulk erase function would erase the recordings, it would still be possible for accident investigation authorities to access these recordings using special techniques. INITIAL PROPOSAL 2 (Flight data recorder parameter lists)... CHAPTER 6. AEROPLANE INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND FLIGHT DOCUMENTS FLIGHT RECORDERS Flight data recorders and aircraft data recording systems

9 B xx All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2023 shall be equipped with an FDR capable of recording at least the 82 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix APPENDIX 8. FLIGHT RECORDERS (Chapter 6, 6.3, 6.18, refers) Table A8-1. Parameter Guidance for Crash Protected Flight Data Recorders... Serial number Parameter Measurement range Maximum sampling and recording interval (seconds) Accuracy limits (sensor input compared to FDR read-out) Recording resolution... 35* Additional engine parameters (EPR, N 1, indicated vibration level, N 2, EGT, fuel flow, fuel cut-off lever position, N 3, engine fuel metering valve position) Each engine each second 2% of full range... 79* Cabin pressure altitude (0 ft to ft recommended) ft 80* Aeroplane computed weight 64 1 % of full range 81* Flight director command Full range 1 ± 2º 0.5º 82* Vertical speed 0.25 (32 ft/min recommended) 16 ft/min Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: During the simplification process and as a consequence of safety recommendations made by investigation authorities, the FLIRECSWG/7 meeting considered the parameters in Table A8-1 and concluded that this list needs to be revisited. At the same time, the EUROCAE ED-112A document was also updated to incorporate additional parameters as a result of similar safety recommendations. FLIRECSWG/8 and FLIRECSWG/9 meetings considered these additional parameters for Table A8-1 and agreed to propose adding them. The rationale, among other reasons, is to align the lists in Annex 6, Parts I and II to the EUROCAE ED-112A specifications. It was considered to be reasonably simple to add these parameters and the proposal is for newly manufactured aircraft obtaining their first certificate of airworthiness after

10 B-6 1 January 2023, with no retrofitting implication. The financial implication would be negligible. In many cases, the proposed parameters are available but have not been included in the FDR dataframe layout to be recorded. The implication would be a modification to the dataframe and the approvals associated with such a modification. Having these parameters available would also be advantageous to flight data monitoring systems. A Standard is proposed in Chapter 6.3 to include the recording of these parameters from 1 January 2023, which would provide manufacturers and operators ample time to include these provisions in new certificate of airworthiness aircraft. INITIAL PROPOSAL 3 (Simplification of flight recorder SARPs) CHAPTER 6. AEROPLANE INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND FLIGHT DOCUMENTS FLIGHT RECORDERS Note 1. Crash- protected flight recorders comprise one or more of the following systems: a flight data recorder (FDR);, a cockpit voice recorder (CVR);, an airborne image recorder (AIR); and/or a data link recorder (DLR). Image and data link information may be recorded on either the CVR or the FDR. Note 2. Lightweight flight recorders comprise one or more of the following systems: an aircraft data recording system (ADRS);, a cockpit audio recording system (CARS);, an airborne image recording system (AIRS); and/or a data link recording system (DLRS). Image and data link information may be recorded on either the CARS or the ADRS. Note 3. Detailed guidance requirements on flight recorders areis contained in Appendix 8. Note 4. For aeroplanes for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State before 1 January 2016, specifications applicable to crash-protected flight recorders may be found in EUROCAE ED-112, ED-56A, ED-55, Minimum Operational Performance Specifications (MOPS), or earlier equivalent documents. Note 5. For aeroplanes for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016, specifications applicable to crash-protected flight recorders may be found in EUROCAE ED-112A, Minimum Operational Performance Specification (MOPS), or equivalent documents. Note 6. Specifications applicable to lightweight flight recorders may be found in EUROCAE ED-155, Minimum Operational Performance Specification (MOPS), or equivalent documents.

11 B-7 Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: a) Notes 1 and 2 below 6.3, states that flight recorders comprise one or more of the following systems: with the systems listed after the semi-colon and it was deemed that and/or was unnecessary. b) Note 3 refers to guidance in Appendix 8, but it contains requirements for flight recorders instead of guidance. c) The flight recorders Notes 4 and 5 refer to crash-protected recorders, not lightweight recorders, which are not subject to the usual crash-protected specifications Flight data recorders and aircraft data recording systems Note. Parameters to be recorded are listed in Tables A8-1 and A8-3 of Appendix Types Types I and IA FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the aeroplane flight path, speed, attitude, engine power, configuration and operation Types II and IIA FDRs shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the aeroplane flight path, speed, attitude, engine power and configuration of lift and drag devices OperationApplicability All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of kg or less for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016 shall be equipped with: a) an Type II FDR which shall record at least the first 16 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix 8; or b) a Class C AIR or AIRS which shall record at least the capable of recording flight path and speed parameters displayed to the pilot(s), as defined in of Appendix 8; or c) an ADRS which shall record at least capable of recording the essential first 7 parameters defined listed in Table A8-3 of Appendix 8. Note 1. The application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State refers to the date of application of the original Type Certificate for the aeroplane type, not the date of certification of particular aeroplane variants or derivative models. Note 2. AIR or AIRS classification is defined in 4.1 of Appendix Recommendation. All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of kg or less for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2016 should be equipped with:

12 B-8 a) an Type II FDR which should record at least the first 16 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix 8; or b) a Class C AIR or AIRS which should record at least thecapable of recording flight path and speed parameters displayed to the pilot(s), as defined in of Appendix 8; or c) an ADRS which should record at least capable of recording the essential first 7 parameters defined listed in Table A8-3 of Appendix All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1989 shall be equipped with an Type I FDR which shall record at least the first 32 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg, up to and including kg, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1989, shall be equipped with an Type II FDR which shall record at least the first 16 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix Recommendation. All multi-engined turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of kg or less for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1990 should be equipped with an Type IIA FDR which should record at least the first 16 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1987 but before 1 January 1989, with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg, except those in , shall be equipped with an FDR which shall record at least the first 5 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix 8which shall record time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration and heading Recommendation. All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1987 but before 1 January 1989, with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg, except those in , should be equipped with an FDR which should record at least the first 9 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix 8which shall record time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration, heading and such additional parameters as are necessary to determine pitch attitude, roll attitude, radio transmission keying and power on each engine All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1987 but before 1 January 1989, with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg that are of types of which the prototype was certificated by the appropriate national authority after 30 September 1969 shall be equipped with an Type II FDR which shall record at least the first 16 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued before 1 January 1987, with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg shall be equipped with an FDR which shall record at least the first 5 parameters in Table A8-1 of Appendix 8 time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration and heading Recommendation. All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued before 1 January 1987, with a maximum certificated take-off

13 B-9 mass of over kg that are of types of which the prototype was certificated by the appropriate national authority after 30 September 1969 should be equipped with an FDR which should record, in addition to the first 5 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix 8time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration and heading, such additional parameters as are necessary to meet the objectives of determining: a) the attitude of the aeroplane in achieving its flight path; and b) the basic forces acting upon the aeroplane resulting in the achieved flight path and the origin of such basic forces All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2005 shall be equipped with an Type IAFDR which shall record at least the first 78 parameters listed in Table A8-1 of Appendix All aeroplanes which are required to record normal acceleration, lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016 and which are required to be fitted with an FDR shall record those parameters at a maximum sampling and recording interval of seconds All aeroplanes which are required to record pilot input and/or control surface position of primary controls (pitch, roll, yaw) for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016 and which are required to be fitted with an FDR shall record those parameters at a maximum sampling and recording interval of seconds. Note. For aeroplanes with control systems in which movement of a control surface will back drive the pilot s control, or applies. For aeroplanes with control systems in which movement of a control surface will not back drive the pilot s control, and applies. In aeroplanes with independent moveable surfaces, each surface needs to be recorded separately. In aeroplanes with independent pilot input on primary controls, each pilot input on primary controls needs to be recorded separately Discontinuation Recording technology FDRs shall not use engraving metal foil, frequency modulation (FM), photographic film or magnetic tape.the use of engraving metal foil FDRs shall be discontinued The use of analogue FDRs using frequency modulation (FM) shall be discontinued The use of photographic film FDRs shall be discontinued Recommendation. The use of magnetic tape FDRs should be discontinued The use of magnetic tape FDRs shall be discontinued by 1 January Duration All FDRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last 25 hours of their operation, except for with the exception of those installed on the Type IIA FDR aeroplanes referenced in

14 B for which the FDR shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of its operation, and in addition sufficient information from the preceding take-off for calibration purposes. Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: It is proposed to: a) remove the flight data recorders types ( ) and instead include the parameters to be recorded by the FDR, in the relevant SARPs. It was determined that many of the major aircraft manufacturing States do not refer to FDR types in their regulations, but to the number of parameters an FDR shall record. The most practical method would be to reference the parameters as listed in Appendix 8, Table A8-1; b) change the heading of Operation to Applicability. The paragraph deals with the type of FDRs and ADRSs required for specific aircraft applications. The operational requirements of FDRs and ADRSs are included in Appendix 8; c) remove in references to types of FDR or ADRS as a consequence of the proposed deletion of the types of FDRs. Instead the text shall refer to the number of parameters to be recorded as listed in Appendix 8, Tables A8-1 or A8-3. Similarly, where the SARPs refer to the recording of parameters for example time, altitude, airspeed, etc., it is proposed to refer to parameters in either Table A8-1 or A8-3; d) remove the references to capable of recording throughout the flight recorder provisions and replace the text with shall record. If the recorder is capable of recording the data it does not mean that the full set of data is recorded; e) delete as the requirement in this Standard has been included in ; f) delete as the intent of this requirement has been included in Appendix 8, Table A8-1, parameters 5, 16 and 17; g) delete and the Note below, as the intent of this requirement has been included in Appendix 8, Table A8-1, parameter 18, as well as in Note 5 below Table A8-1; h) change the heading of Discontinuation to Recording technology and state what recording technologies shall not be used; and i) remove the reference to Type IIA FDR in Standard related to recording duration of FDR and include the information from Appendix 8, 2.3.1, after which would be deleted Cockpit voice recorders and cockpit audio recording systems OperationApplicability All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg, up to and including kg, for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016 and required to be operated by more than one pilot shall be equipped with either a CVR or a CARS.

15 B Recommendation. All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of kg or less for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2016 and required to be operated by more than one pilot should be equipped with either a CVR or a CARS All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2003 shall be equipped with a CVR capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last two hours of its operation All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1987 shall be equipped with a CVR All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued before 1 January 1987, with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg that are of types of which the prototype was certificated by the appropriate national authority after 30 September 1969 shall be equipped with a CVR Recommendation. All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued before 1 January 1987, with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg up to and including kg that are of types of which the prototype was certificated by the appropriate national authority after 30 September 1969 should be equipped with a CVR DiscontinuationRecording technology The use of magnetic tape and wire CVRs shall be discontinued by 1 January 2016.CVRs shall not use magnetic tape or wire Recommendation. The use of magnetic tape and wire CVRs should be discontinued Duration All CVRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of their operation From 1 January 2016, aall CVRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last two2 hours of their operation Recommendation. All aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1990, and that are required to be equipped with a CVR, should have a CVR capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last two hours of their operation All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2021 shall be equipped with a CVR capable ofwhich shall retaining the information recorded during at least the last twenty-five 25 hours of its operation.

16 B Cockpit voice recorder alternate power source An alternate power source shall automatically engage and provide ten10 minutes, plus or minus one minute, of operation whenever aeroplane power to the recorder ceases, either by normal shutdown or by any other loss of power. The alternate power source shall power the CVR and its associated cockpit area microphone components. The CVR shall be located as close as practicable to the alternate power source. Note 1. Alternate means separate from the power source that normally provides power to the CVR. The use of aeroplane batteries or other power sources is acceptable provided that the requirements above are met and electrical power to essential and critical loads is not compromised. Note 2. When the CVR function is combined with other recording functions within the same unit, powering the other functions is allowed All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2018 shall be provided with an alternate power source, as defined in , that powers the forward CVR in the case of combination recorders Recommendation. All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2018 should be provided with an alternate power source, as defined in , that powers at least one CVR. Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: It is proposed to: a) change the heading of Operation to Applicability. The paragraph deals with which type of aircraft requires a CVR or CARS. The operational requirements of CVRs and CARSs are included in Appendix 8; b) delete because it has become redundant in the light of and the provisions for CVR recording duration; c) change the heading of Discontinuation to Recording technology and state what recording technologies shall not be used; d) delete and because they are currently redundant. After 1 January 2016, became applicable for CVRs to have a duration of at least two hours; and e) add the word source to the heading of This provision requires a CVR alternate power source, which could have different means of compliance Applicability Data link recorders All aeroplanes for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2016, which utilize any of the data link communications applications listed in of Appendix 8 and are required to carry a CVR, shall record on a crash-protected flight recorder the data link

17 B-13 communications messages All aeroplanes which are modified on or after 1 January 2016 to install and utilize any of the data link communications applications listed in of Appendix 8 and are required to carry a CVR, shall record on a crash-protected flight recorder the data link communications messages. Note 1. Data link communications are currently conducted by either ATN-based or FANS 1/A-equipped aircraft. Note 2. A Class B AIR could be a means for recording data link communications applications messages to and from the aeroplanes where it is not practical or is prohibitively expensive to record those data link communications applications messages on FDR or CVR Duration The minimum recording duration shall be equal to the duration of the CVR Correlation Data link recording shall be able to be correlated to the recorded cockpit audio. Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: For the applicability of data link recorders in , the reference to crashprotected flight recorder is needed as these Standards are not applicable to lightweight recorders. It is proposed that Note 1 be removed as the information is found in Table A8-2 and with current available technology, other systems besides ATN-based or FANS 1/A-equipped aircraft are capable of data link communications Flight recorders general Construction and installation Flight recorders shall be constructed, located and installed so as to provide maximum practical protection for the recordings in order that the recorded information may be preserved, recovered and transcribed. Flight recorders shall meet the prescribed crashworthiness and fire protection specifications Operation Flight recorders shall not be switched off during flight time To preserve flight recorder records, flight recorders shall be deactivated upon completion of flight time following an accident or incident. The flight recorders shall not be reactivated before their

18 B-14 disposition as determined in accordance with Annex 13. Note 1. The need for removal of the flight recorder records from the aircraft will be determined by the investigation authority in the State conducting the investigation with due regard to the seriousness of an occurrence and the circumstances, including the impact on the operation. Note 2. The operator s responsibilities regarding the retention of flight recorder records are contained in Continued serviceability Operational checks and evaluations of recordings from the flight recorder systems shall be conducted to ensure the continued serviceability of the recorders. Note. Procedures for the inspections of the flight recorder systems are given in Appendix Flight recorder electronic documentation Recommendation. The documentation requirement concerning FDR and ADRS parameters provided by operators to accident investigation authorities should be in electronic format and take account of industry specifications. Note. Industry specification for documentation concerning flight recorder parameters may be found in the ARINC 647A, Flight Recorder Electronic Documentation, or equivalent document Combination recorders Recommendation. All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016, and which are required to be equipped with both a CVR and an FDR, should be equipped with two combination recorders (FDR/CVR) All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over kg for which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016, and which are required to be equipped with both a CVR and an FDR, shall be equipped with two combination recorders (FDR/CVR). One recorder shall be located as close to the cockpit as practicable and the other recorder located as far aft as practicable Recommendation. All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass over kg, required to be equipped with an FDR and a CVR, may alternatively be equipped with two combination recorders (FDR/CVR). Note. The requirement of may be satisfied by equipping the aeroplanes with two combination recorders (one forward and one aft) or separate devices Recommendation. All multi-engined turbine-powered aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of kg or less, required to be equipped with an FDR and/or a CVR, may

19 B-15 alternatively be equipped with one combination recorder (FDR/CVR). Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: No change to this section. APPENDIX 8. FLIGHT RECORDERS (Chapter 6, 6.3, 6.18, refers) The material in this Appendix concerns flight recorders intended for installation in aeroplanes engaged in international air navigation. Crash- protected flight recorders comprise one or more of the following systems: a flight data recorder (FDR);, a cockpit voice recorder (CVR);, an airborne image recorder (AIR); and/or a data link recorder (DLR). Lightweight flight recorders comprise one or more of the following systems: an aircraft data recording system (ADRS);, a cockpit audio recording system (CARS);, an airborne image recording system (AIRS); and/or a data link recording system (DLRS). 1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1.1 Non-deployable flight recorder containers shall: be painted a distinctive orange colour. a) be painted a distinctive orange or yellow colour; 1.2 Non-deployable crash-protected flight recorder containers shall: ba) carry reflective material to facilitate their location; and cb) have securely attached an automatically activated underwater locating device operating at a frequency of 37.5 khz. At the earliest practicable date, but not later than 1 January 2018, this device shall operate for a minimum of 90 days. Note. Current industry practice is to phase out yellow flight recorder containers at the end of the service life of the flight recorder Automatic deployable flight recorder containers shall: a) be painted a distinctive orange colour, however the surface visible from outside the aircraft may be of another colour; b) carry reflective material to facilitate their location; and c) have an integrated automatically activated ELT The flight recorder systems shall be installed so that: a) the probability of damage to the recordings is minimized;

20 B-16 b) they receive electrical power from a bus that provides the maximum reliability for operation of the flight recorder systems without jeopardizing service to essential or emergency loads; cb) there is an aural or visual means for pre-flight checking that the flight recorder systems are operating properly; and dc) if the flight recorder systems have a bulk erasure device, the installation shall be designed to prevent operation of the device during flight time or crash impact. 1.5 The flight recorder systems shall be installed so that they receive electrical power from a bus that provides the maximum reliability for operation of the flight recorder systems without jeopardizing service to essential or emergency loads The flight recorder systems, when tested by methods approved by the appropriate certificating authority, shall be demonstrated to be suitable for the environmental extremes over which they are designed to operate Means shall be provided for an accurate time correlation between the flight recorder systems recordings The manufacturer shall provide the appropriate certificating authority with the following information in respect of the flight recording recorder systems: a) manufacturer s operating instructions, equipment limitations and installation procedures; b) parameter origin or source and equations which relate counts to units of measurement; and c) manufacturer s test reports. Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: It is proposed to: a) delete and/or in the paragraph below the Appendix 8 heading, as it was deemed unnecessary. It states that flight recorders comprise one or more of the following systems: with the systems listed after the semi-colon; b) amend the text in 1. General requirements to clarify the differences between deployable and non-deployable recorders and crash-protected and lightweight recorders, which do not have the same levels of crash-protection. These proposed amendments are to address the actions raised in the Job-card FLIRECSWG , in particular, addressing the containers of the recorders. It is proposed to separate 1.1 a) from 1.1 b) and c). 1.1 a) provides for the painting of non-deployable flight recorder containers an orange colour, and 1.1 b) and c) crash-protected recorder provisions, which would not apply to lightweight recorder containers; c) delete the Note below 1.1 as the FLIRECSWG was not aware of flight recorder manufacturers who still paint the recorders yellow; d) move 1.3 b) to 1.5 with specific reference that flight recorder systems shall be installed so that they. ; and e) change recording systems in 1.6 to read recorder systems.

21 B FLIGHT DATA RECORDER (FDR) AND AIRCRAFT DATA RECORDING SYSTEMS (ADRS) 2.1 Start and stop logic 2.1 The flight data recorder FDR or ADRS shall start to record prior to the aeroplane moving under its own power and record continuously until the termination of the flight when the aeroplane is no longer capable of moving under its own power. 2.2 Parameters to be recorded Note. In previous editions of Annex 6, Part I, types of recorders were defined to capture the first evolutions of FDRs Flight data recorders shall be classified as Type I, Type IA, Type II and Type IIA depending upon the number of parameters to be recorded and the duration required for retention of the recorded information The parameters that satisfy the requirements for FDRs are listed in Table A8-1the paragraphs below. The number of parameters to be recorded shall depend on aeroplane complexity. The parameters without an asterisk (*) are mandatory parameters which shall be recorded regardless of aeroplane complexity. In addition, the parameters designated by an asterisk (*) shall be recorded if an information data source for the parameter is used by aeroplane systems or the flight crew to operate the aeroplane. However, other parameters may be substituted with due regard to the aeroplane type and the characteristics of the recording equipment If further FDR recording capacity is available, recording of the following additional information shall be considered: a) operational information from electronic display systems, such as electronic flight instrument systems (EFIS), electronic centralized aircraft monitor (ECAM) and engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS). Use the following order of priority: 1) parameters selected by the flight crew relating to the desired flight path, e.g. barometric pressure setting, selected altitude, selected airspeed, decision height, and autoflight system engagement and mode indications if not recorded from another source; 2) display system selection/status, e.g. SECTOR, PLAN, ROSE, NAV, WXR, COMPOSITE, COPY, ETC.; 3) warnings and alerts; and 4) the identity of displayed pages for emergency procedures and checklists; and b) retardation information including brake application for use in the investigation of landing overruns and rejected take-offs.

22 B The following parameters shall satisfy the requirements for flight path and speed: Pressure altitude Indicated airspeed or calibrated airspeed Air-ground status and each landing gear air-ground sensor when practicable Total or outside air temperature Heading (primary flight crew reference) Normal acceleration Lateral acceleration Longitudinal acceleration (body axis) Time or relative time count Navigation data*: drift angle, wind speed, wind direction, latitude/longitude Groundspeed* Radio altitude* The following parameters shall satisfy the requirements for attitude: Pitch attitude Roll attitude Yaw or sideslip angle* Angle of attack* The following parameters shall satisfy the requirements for engine power: Engine thrust/power: propulsive thrust/power on each engine, cockpit thrust/power lever position Thrust reverse status* Engine thrust command* Engine thrust target* Engine bleed valve position* Additional engine parameters*: EPR, N 1, indicated vibration level, N 2, EGT, TLA, fuel flow, fuel cut-off lever position, N The following parameters shall satisfy the requirements for configuration: Pitch trim surface position Flaps*: trailing edge flap position, cockpit control selection Slats*: leading edge flap (slat) position, cockpit control selection Landing gear*: landing gear, gear selector position Yaw trim surface position* Roll trim surface position* Cockpit trim control input position pitch* Cockpit trim control input position roll* Cockpit trim control input position yaw* Ground spoiler and speed brake*: Ground spoiler position, ground spoiler selection, speed brake position, speed brake selection De-icing and/or anti-icing systems selection* Hydraulic pressure (each system)* Fuel quantity in CG trim tank * AC electrical bus status* DC electrical bus status*

23 B-19 APU bleed valve position* Computed centre of gravity* The following parameters shall satisfy the requirements for operation: Warnings Primary flight control surface and primary flight control pilot input: pitch axis, roll axis, yaw axis Marker beacon passage Each navigation receiver frequency selection Manual radio transmission keying and CVR/FDR synchronization reference Autopilot/autothrottle/AFCS mode and engagement status* Selected barometric setting*: pilot, first officer Selected altitude (all pilot selectable modes of operation)* Selected speed (all pilot selectable modes of operation)* Selected Mach (all pilot selectable modes of operation)* Selected vertical speed (all pilot selectable modes of operation)* Selected heading (all pilot selectable modes of operation)* Selected flight path (all pilot selectable modes of operation)*: course/dstrk, path angle Selected decision height* EFIS display format*: pilot, first officer Multi-function/engine/alerts display format* GPWS/TAWS/GCAS status*: selection of terrain display mode including pop-up display status, terrain alerts, both cautions and warnings, and advisories, on/off switch position Low pressure warning*: hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure Computer failure* Loss of cabin pressure* TCAS/ACAS (traffic alert and collision avoidance system/airborne collision avoidance system)* Ice detection* Engine warning each engine vibration* Engine warning each engine over temperature* Engine warning each engine oil pressure low* Engine warning each engine over speed* Wind shear warning* Operational stall protection, stick shaker and pusher activation* All cockpit flight control input forces*: control wheel, control column, rudder pedal cockpit input forces Vertical deviation*: ILS glide path, MLS elevation, GNSS approach path Horizontal deviation*: ILS localizer, MLS azimuth, GNSS approach path DME 1 and 2 distances* Primary navigation system reference*: GNSS, INS, VOR/DME, MLS, Loran C, ILS Brakes*: left and right brake pressure, left and right brake pedal position Date* Event marker* Head up display in use* Para visual display on* Note. It is not intended that aeroplanes issued with an individual certificate of airworthiness before 1 January 2016 be modified to meet the range, sampling, accuracy or resolution guidance detailed in this Appendix.

24 B Type IA FDR. This FDR shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the 78 parameters in Table A Type I FDR. This FDR shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the first 32 parameters in Table A Types II and IIA FDRs. These FDRs shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the first 16 parameters in Table A The parameters that satisfy the requirements for flight path and speed as displayed to the pilot(s) are listed below. The parameters without an (*) are mandatory parameters which shall be recorded. In addition, the parameters designated by an (*) shall be recorded if an information source for the parameter is displayed to the pilot and is practicable to record: Pressure altitude Indicated airspeed or calibrated airspeed Heading (primary flight crew reference) Pitch attitude Roll attitude Engine thrust/power Landing-gear status* Total or outside air temperature* Time* Navigation data*: drift angle, wind speed, wind direction, latitude/longitude Radio altitude* The parameters that satisfy the requirements for ADRS are listed in Table A Additional information A Type IIA FDR, in addition to a 30-minute recording duration, shall retain sufficient information from the preceding take-off for calibration purposes The measurement range, recording interval and accuracy of parameters on installed equipment shall be verified by methods approved by the appropriate certificating authority Documentation concerning parameter allocation, conversion equations, periodic calibration and other serviceability/maintenance information shall be maintained by the operator. The documentation needs to be sufficient to ensure that accident investigation authorities have the necessary information to read out the data in engineering units. Origin: FLIRECSWG/9 Rationale: It is proposed to: a) include the requirements for ADRS from Appendix 8, Section 6 with the FDR requirements. The heading shall thus be expanded to include ADRS; b) include a heading before 2.1 to read 2.1 Start and stop logic and include