Nawrin Nishat. Ms. O'Rourke Global Studies ANCIENT EGYPT
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1 Nawrin Nishat October 19,2011 ANCIENT EGYPT Outline of Egypt Ms. O'Rourke Global Studies 1. Location a. On the continent of Africa (politically considered Middle Eastern) (1) b. Lower Egypt is north of Upper Egypt 2. Geographic Featurn a. Mile River i Streams north into the Meditmanean / ii. The yearly -8 saturated ttw land with liiing water and deposited a coating of ridr sit (helped planting) iii. The river was used for fishing, dmning, irrigation, drinking, cooking, and transpurtation b. Land i. 90% of Egypt is desert ii. Beside the Nile Rir were grasses (s) (4) 11. King Menes - w Accomplishments a. He united Lower and Upper Egypt i. Social & Cuttural development was the effect of uniting the 2 parts ii. The Nile was used as a highway joining north and south iii. Offieigls or armies were sent to towns by the river iv. Nib River was used as a trade Me. They exchanged products of Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean b. He established the first dynasty i. The dynasty (ruling family) organized how the next king would come in line c. He introduced cultural beliefs i. He pnted the worship of the gods (polytheistic) and that he was descended hwn the gods since he was a pharaoh ii. He indicated the practice of sacrifice which was the contribution of M, matters, and li of animals to the Gods (5) Csl
2 a. His uniting of Lower and Upper Egypt i. He had to first defeat the Asian invaders. ii. As that happened, he conquered northern Egypt (Imr Egypt) and then two parts became one great nation 111. Old Kingdom b. Founding the city of Memphis i. He had mled the poomt part Upper Egypt before conquering Lower Egypt, so it was diwtt to make Memphis into the capital and a leading city 0 Accomplishments a. &ong Government Developed by Pharaohs i. Pharaohs dependad on a vitier which was a chief minister who supervised the business of government ii. This led to the efkt of various branches looking after such matters as tax adledion, farming, and irrigation system iii. The evidence shows that powerful leaders really took a stand to make sure all things were on task. b. Pyramids at Giza i. The Egyptians contained the preserved bodies of heir dead rulers in the pyramids. ii. Thisshowsthattheybelievedinan~rlifeandalsobecausethe / pharaohs were buried with everything they wwld need in a new life iii. The pyramids were made out of millions of limestone blocks that weighed about 2 tons and were heaved by Mers by having it pulled on a sled iv. This qjggests that they were very strong and were wll - planners and good at organizing (8) Challenges a. Building the Pymids i. The workers would have to pull the blocks by sled and took many years for one entim pyramid to be built ii. Many farmers would ako work on the pyramids even after a hard day of planting andlor hamsting craps b. Economy i. Building the pyramids was hard enough, but the projed cost a lot as well /
3 ii. iii. The people of the society would get taxed to help pay for the workers Eventually the economy's stability was decreasing and the government crashed IV. Middte Kingdom 1. Accomplishments a. Large Drainage Project i. This organized project created vast new stretches of farmable land ii. Traders got greater contacts with the people of the Middle East and the Mediterranean island of Crete b. Trades with Other Countries i. The Egyptian adifacts found in Lower Syria and the Palestine's show that there was trading in that region ii. "The Story of Sinuhe" manuscripts the journeys to Syria by envoys sent by the pharaoh. iii. This was one of the causes of Egypfs prospem during this time c. Improvements of Agricultural System i. The Faiyum was an expanse of swampland ii. It was turned into a superior water supply by using a system of canals and dikes (10) (11) a. Asiatic Immigrants i. The Egyptian pharaohs' leadership started to weaken and the immigrants came and seized control and forced the government to return to Thebes. - ii. Thebes was a former capital of Egypt. It was located on the Nile. b. Hyksos i. They took advantage of Egyptians unsteadiness and took control ii. However, they adapted to the Egyptian's government and cultural ways iii. The native Theban rulers fought with the Hyksos and the Egyptians had victory, driving them out (12) V. New Kingdom 1. Accomplishments a. Expansion of the Empire
4 3. The empire reached the Euphrates River by powerful and ambius pharaohs ii. tt brought the nation into better commerce with southeshn Asia as well as with other parts of Africa iii. Pharaoh R a m II brought Egyptian rule northward as far as Syria b. Victory of the Fight with the Hittites i. Ramses II prevented a crushing defeat which he made sound like a stunning vidory ii, After years of fighting, they signed a peace treaty which declared that they 'shatl be at peace and in brotherhood forever." (13) a. Conflicts with other Nations i; The Egyptians faced the Hittites, a civilhation just as stabilized as they were ii. They almost were defeated, but were strong enaugh to avoid it iii. The Egyptians also went against the Mitannians b. InvasionS i. Egyptian power slowly declined after the reign of R a m II ii. The Assyrians and Persians oppressed the Nile region iii. From the north cam the Greek and Roman amies iv. Keen, new conquerom added the fertile Nile Valley to an expanding empire (14) (15) *C/TA TION NEXT PAGE*
5 . m 1. Crabill, Michelle, 'Ancient Egypt", 20 uly 2004; 19 October 2011 m ' ns, Kings Park Elementary, 2. Ellis, Elisabeth, Anthony Eder, World Histow Conndone to Today, Upper Saddle River, New ersey, 2003, p Ellis, Elisabeth, Anthony Edr, World Histow Connections to Today, Upper Saddle River, New ersey, 2003, p Crabill, Michelle, uancient Egypt", Ancient Civilhtions, Kings Park Elementary, 20 uly 2004; 18 October 2011 ~httd:l~.fcos.edulkinasparke$ltechnol~/anent. htm> 5. Ellis, Elisabeth, Anthony Esler, World History Connections to Today, Upper Saddle River, New ersey, 2003, p Alchin, L.K., "Menesn, Kina Tut, Linda Aletrin, 16 anuary 2009, 19 October 2011 < rhrvww, kina-tut.om.uwe9v~tian-~haraohslmmes.htm~ 7. A M,'Menes (Aha)", Black tiistow Facts, Black Conscious Sii Ring, 28 September 2010,19 October 2011 < httd:lfalfredoftexas.tri~d. m~lackhistorvf~d9. htmi> 8. Ellis, Elisabeth, Anthony Esler, Wortd Historv Conmchns to Todav, Upper Saddle River, New ersey, 2003, p Ellis, Elisabeth, Anthony Esler, World Historv Connedions b Today, Upper Saddle River, New ersey, 2003, p Ellis, Etisabeth, Anthony Esler, World Historv Connedions to Todav, Uppr Saddle Rim, New ersey, 2003, p 'I. Meerardra, ''Achievements And Weaknesses Of The Middle Kingdom And Its Downfall*, OPPapers-own, 29 uly 2008,19 October 2044 < iemts-wg& -dlmimdom- Its-DownfalV157859> 12."Ancient Egypt", The Histow Channel mite. 2011, Oct < h ttp:ilhw. history. cornhopics/ancienteuy~t> 13. Ellis, Elisabeth, Anthony Esler, World Histow Connections to Today, Upper Saddle River, New ersey, 2003, p Ellis, Elisabeth, Anthony Esler, W w y, Upper Saddle River, New ersey, 2003, p "Ancient Egypr, he Histow Chaml webate *.2011, OcO <htb:/h.hi#t~
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