MANAGEMENT PLAN of Princely Court Ensemble heritage site from Bacau Municipality - SUMMARY -

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3 MANAGEMENT PLAN of Princely Court Ensemble heritage site from Bacau Municipality SUMMARY - document realized within the project Achieving SUSTainability through an integrated approach to the management of CULTural heritage, co-funded by European Union in the framework of South East Europe (SEE) Programme

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5 Foreword by the Mayor of Bacau, Mr. Romeo Stavarache It gives me great pleasure to be able to salute the initiative and, in the same time, the challenge proposed by the European project SUSTCULT: the elaboration of management plans for the cultural heritage in order to achieve sustainable development in South East Europe. Bacau Municipality congratulates the Local Development Agency for its efforts and involvement in such a project from which the entire local community of Bacau will benefit. The cultural heritage of Bacau is not exceedingly rich, but it constitutes an indispensable asset of the common memory of our citizens. Thus, we are constantly reminded that possessing such a cultural and historical heritage puts us under certain obligations that also demand the fulfilling of certain commitments. It is our obligation to safeguard the cultural remains and to ensure that these can be passed over to future generations, by preserving and protecting them through specific means. At local level, the Princely Court Ensemble has a significant contribution to the knowledge and understanding of our history and of our community s development, which is why I must express my sincere appreciation for the work that has been conducted for the elaboration of a management plan. Such a document has never been developed so far for this historical monument and it is a benefit for our community to have a plan that exposes the values, the issues, the pressures of cultural heritage management, as well as the strategies and mechanisms that aim to protect, preserve, conserve, and mobilize heritage for development within a view that reaches beyond short economic gains toward sustainable development. The MAYOR Romeo Stavarache 5

6 In the process of creating this document, public institutions and non-guvernmental organizations from Bacău cultural field, have brought their contribution, giving in this way, thanks to: Bacău Municipality Hall, In particular to Mayor Mr. Romeo Stavarache, Chief Architect Mr. Geliman Vasile - Alexandru, Councilor Mrs. Asaftei Irina; Prefecture of Bacău, to Prefect Mr. Claudiu Octavian Șerban, Public Manager Mr. Sorin Gabriel Ailenei, Stationary Manager Mrs. Carmen Cioltan; Bacău County Directorate for Culture, to Manager Mr. Petru Cimpoieșu, Councilor Mr. Victor Munteanu, Councilor Mrs. Simona Drob; Iulian Antonescu Museum Complex, Bacău, to Manager Mrs. Mariana Popa, Museum of History an Archeology Head of Department Mrs. Elena Lăcrămioara Istina; Civitas Bacoviensis Association, to President Mr. Cornel Vivi Cioarec, Vicepresident Mrs. Elena Lăcrămioara Istina; Bacău Deanery, to Protopriest Mr. Constantin Tomozei, Secretary Mr. Silviu Beșa; Roman and Bacău Archdiocese, to His Eminence Archbishop of Roman and Bacau Eftimie, Inspector for activities with youth and media, Parish Priest Mr. Costel Gherasim; Vasile Alecsandri University, Bacău, to Rector Mr. Valentin Nedef, University Assistent Mr. Dr. Alin Popa; Alma Mater University, Sibiu Bacău branch, to Dean Mrs. Cătălina Puiu; Iulian Antonescu Cultural Scientific Foundation, Bacău, to President Mr. Ioan Mitrea; Bacovia Municipal Theatre Bacău, to Manager Mr. Găzdaru Adrian, Councilor Mrs. Alexandra-Irina Lăiu; General Confederation of the Romanian Industrial Employers UGIR Bacău branch, to President Mr. Marin Mironeasa; Regional Agency for Environmental Protection Bacău, to Executive Director Mr. Paul Toderica, Superior Councilor Mrs. Brândușa Rusu; Association Together we build the future, Bacău, to President Mrs. Dana Elena Sturzu; Intercommunity Development Association Metropolitan Area Bacău, to Deputy Director Mrs. Anda Pertia; S.C. Business and Exhibition Center Bacău S.A., to Director Mr. Corneliu Pricope; Europe Direct Center Bacău, to Prof Dr. Mrs.Cmeciu Doina, Prof Dr. Mrs.Manolache Mădălina. The team who implemented the project "Sustainability through Integrated Management of Cultural Heritage" of partner Local Development Agency Bacău: Liviu Costel SCARLAT project manager; Adrian ANGHEL - assistant project manager; Marius CERGHICI communication responsible; Daniela ȚURCANU financial responsible ; Ionela DIACONU coordinating the local support group.

7 CONTENTS HERITAGE SITE (PRE-PHASE) 9 Heritage Site Description and Value Definition 9 Location 9 Description of the Princely Court Ensemble Heritage Site 12 Heritage Site Bounds 19 Buffer Zone 19 Heritage Site Values 21 State of Preservation 25 Ownership and Legal Framework 27 Ownership 27 PLANNING 29 Vision and General Objectives 29 Vision 29 General Objective 30 Problem and Pressure Analysis 31 Specific Objectives and Action Plan 38 Specific Objectives 38 Action Plan 40 7

8 HERITAGE 8 SITE

9 HERITAGE SITE (PRE-PHASE) Heritage Site Description and Value Definition Location Bacau Municipality is situated in Bacău County, in the North East Development Region, on the GPS coordinates 46º 35` north latitude and 26º 55` east longitude. With an area of 43.2 km 2, Bacau Figure 1. Location of Bacau Municipality Municipality borders on the Hemeiuş and Săuceşti Localities to the north, on the Letea Veche Locality to the east, on the Nicolae Bălcescu Locality to the south, and on the Luizi-Călugăra, Măgura and Mărgineni Localities to the west. Bacau Municipality is 295 km away from the capital of Romania, only 130 km away from Iaşi City, 588 km away from Timişoara City and 344 km away from Cluj-Napoca City. Table 1. Distance and mean transportation time between Bacau Municipality and the main cities of Romania City Distance (km) Mean transportation time Bucureşti h Constanţa h Iaşi h Craiova h Timişoara h Oradea h Cluj-Napoca h 9

10 Bacau Municipality is at the crossroads of several land and air transport routes. The national and European roads and railways cross the town on the north-south and east-west directions. Road Access. Bacau Municipality is crossed by several important local, regional or national roads such as: E85 European Road: Bacau Municipality is crossed from north to south by E85, that road that connects the town both with Bucharest City and with Northern Romania (Fălticeni, Suceava); DN11 National Road: Bacau Municipality is connected with Oneşti, Figure 2. Road Access Routes to Bacau Municipality Târgu Secuiesc and Braşov by DN11; DN15 National Road: DN15 connects Bacau Municipality with the following localities: Piatra Neamţ, Poiana Largului, Topliţa, Târgu Mureş, Luduş and Turda; DN2f National Road: This road connects Bacau Municipality with Vaslui Town; DN2g National Road: It ensure the connection with Moineşti and Comăneşti towns; Bacau Municipality is not currently crossed by any highway, yet it will have easy access to A5 (Albiţa Focşani - Ploieşti) and to A4 (Târgu Mureş Ditrău Poiana Largului Târgu Neamţ Săbăoani Târgu Frumos - Iaşi). Through the E85 European Road, Bacau Municipality has access to the Pan- European Corridor IX, which crosses the following towns: Helsinki Vîborg 10

11 Sankt-Petersburg Pskov Moscova Kaliningrad Kiev Liubaşevka / Rozdilna (Ucraina) Chişinău Bucureşti Dimitrovgrad Alexandroupolis. Railway access. Bacau Municipality is crossed by the Main Railway 500 (Bucharest Ploieşti Adjud Bacău Paşcani Suceava - Vicşani), which is 488 km long. Air access. The town is also connected by air with the rest of the country and with other countries by the George Enescu International Airport of Bacău, which also has an international air traffic controlling centre. Located about 5 km from Bacau Municipality centre, George Enescu International Airport processes more than 240,000 passengers, their numbers significantly increasing every year. Figure 3. Location of the Princely Court Ensemble 11

12 The following airlines currently fly on this airport: Carpatair - has direct flights to Timişoara and indirect flights, with an intermediate stop in Timişoara, to: Ancona, Florence, Bergamo, Rome, Venice, Verona, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Munich, Stuttgart, Athens, Bari, Bologna, Turin and Thessaloniki. Blue Air - has direct flights to the following destinations: Milan, Bergamo, Bologna, Turin Cuneo, Rome Fiumicino, Paris Beauvais, Brussels, London Luton, Dublin. The Princely Court Ensemble is located along E 85, on the axis that crosses Bacau Municipality centre. The Precista Church is on 48 9 Mai Street, and is part of the Architectonic Ensemble of the Princely Courts, opposite the "Iulian Antonescu" Museum Complex. Buses numbers 1, 3, 3b, 17, 18 and 22 go to the Princely Court Ensemble and there is a bus stop just in front of the Ensemble. The bus lines that ensure the access to the heritage site are: Line 1: FNC Piaţa Centrală Energiei ELBAC; Line 3: FNC Piaţa Centrală Mioriţei ELBAC; Line 3b: FNC Piaţa Centrală Mioriţei Gară Mioriţei Autogară Piaţa Centrală FNC; Line 17: FNC Piaţa Centrală Oituz Gară Mioriţei Autogară Piaţa Centrală FNC; Line 18: FNC Piaţa Centrală Energiei Gară. Description of the Princely Court Ensemble Heritage Site There are very few accounts about the Royal Court of Bacau Municipality there is a single account of the foreign traveller Marcus Bandini, who visited the town on 29 November 1646, when he said that at the time of the Hungarian Margaret, the wife of Vaivode Stephen, there was a palace in the south of the town that belonged to the Prince, but this palace now lies buried under its ruins 1. Except for this brief account, the 18 th and 19 th 1 Constantin Tomozei, Elena Tomozei, Biserica Precista din Bacău. Studiu monografic, Bacău, Corgal Press Publishing, 2001, p. 52; V. A. Urechia, Codex Bandinus. Memoriu asupra scrierii lui Bandinus de la 1646, Excerpt from the Annals of the Romanian Academy, Series II, Volume XVI, Memoirs of the History Department, Bucharest, Carol Gobl Press, 1895, p. LXIII. 12

13 centuries are characterized by the deepest silence of the written sources about the evolution of the Princely Court. It was not until the second half of the 20 th century, when the first archaeological excavations were conducted during the first archaeological study campaign ( ), that Bacau specialists were able to understand, thanks to the remains discovered here, a good deal of the greatness and decline of this site with exceptional heritage value for Bacau Municipality. PRECISTA CHURCH Figure 4. Princely Court Ensamble Plan 1. Precista Church 2. The ruins of the old Princely Court 3. Householder Tower Ruins The Precista Church is the only cultural heritage item included in the Princely Court Ensemble that has fully survived. The patron of the church is the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it was built in the second half of the 15 th century and dedicated on 1 January 1491 (the year 6999 since 13

14 the Creation of the World). As shown by the rotive at the left of the church entrance, the church was built by Vaivode Alexander, son of Vaivode Stephen 2, ruler of Moldova ( ). In 1494, at Alexander s orders, who ruled the country together with his father, Vaivode Stephen the Great, a tomb stone was placed inside the church, which is thought to be the tomb stone of one of the vaivode s sons. Discovered in 1911 by the architect Virgiul Drăghiceanu, the tomb is currently on display at the Iulian Antonescu History Museum of Bacău. The church was declared historical monument on 1 July 1907 (LMI Code List of Historical Monuments BC-II-m-A ) and it is now the property of the Precista Church Parish. In 1924, the Commission on Historical Monuments launched an extensive church restoration campaign designed to recreate the church s original shape (see picture; eng. Mihai Ceucă s private collection). The works were carried out by famous monument restoration specialists the architect 14 Figure 5. Precista Church before and after its restoration in Stephen the Third, better known as Stephen the Great (born in 1433, in Borzeşti, Bacău County died on 2 July 1504, Suceava), son of Bogdan the Second, was the Prince of Moldova between 1457 and He ruled for almost 50 years, which was the longest reign in the history of Moldova. During his reign, he strengthened Moldova and maintained its independence against the ambitions of Hungary, Poland and the Ottoman Empire, which all sought to subdue the land. Several of the churches and monasteries erected during his reign are today on the world heritage sites list. His human qualities, as well as his politician, strategist and diplomat skills, his unprecedented actions meant to defend the integrity of the country, and his cultural development initiatives made him greatly admired by some of his eminent contemporaries, and, thanks to his popular tradition, he became a mythical hero. After his victory over the Ottomans in Vaslui (January 1475), pope Sixtus IV called him Athleta Christi (Champion of Christ).

15 George Sterian, V. Drăghicescu, G. Balş, N. Ghica-Budeşti and were finished in The church s original shape was altered by the many changes suffered by the monument s architecture the oldest intervention known today occurred in 1854, when the Archimandrite of the Holy Monastery of Esphigmenou of Athos added a porch, erected a tower above the pronaos, painted the inside of the church in tempera and paved it with stone slabs 3. Other repair works were done in 1871, 1884, 1890, 1940 and The church is built of stone and bricks, in the specific style of Stephen the Great s time. The 25.68m long church is clubs-shaped and has a tower above the nave; the pronaos is 9.62m wide and the nave is 8.12m wide, whereas at the apses, the church is 11.24m wide. The square pronaos is widened, with the entrance on the west side and two windows on the south and north sides. Other churches erected by Stephen the Great in Dorohoi, Vaslui, Popăuţi-Botoşani and Iaşi have the same kind of pronaos. The lateral apses of the nave are semi-circular in the inside and with five sides each on the outside. The wall separating the pronaos and the nave was replaced by a large arch 4. Among the cultural heritage items of exceptional value owned by the Precista we may note here the tetraevangelion donated by Vaivode Alexander on 23 April 1491 (the tetraevangelion is the work of Teodor Mărişescu and is now on display in the History Museum of Moscow), a panagia holder, donated by the same Vaivode Alexander (currently on display at the National Arts Museum of Romania), the tomb stone inside the church, the iconostasis inside the church (dating back to the 17 th century) and many other extremely valuable objects which are currently either in the custody of the National Bank Bacău Branch (since 1967), or in the custody of the Bogdana Museum Complex (since items), or in the custody of the National Cultural Heritage Office of Bacău (since ancient Romanian and foreign books among which a Greek triodion printed in Venice) 5. 3 Emilian Drehuţă (coord.), op. cit., p Constantin Tomozei, Elena Tomozei, Biserica Precista din Bacău. Studiu monografic, Bacău, Corgal Press Publishing, 2001, p Ibidem, p

16 RUINS OF THE OLD PRINCELY COURT The archaeological excavations conducted in the Princely Court Architectonic Complex Bacau in the second half of the 20 th century initially revealed the foundations of the Princely House 6 and later discovered the foundations of the Lookout Tower. The Ruins of the Old Princely Court, or the Foundations of the Princely House were discovered by the archaeological excavations conducted in 1967 and The research was resumed and extended by a comprehensive campaign conducted between 1970 and 1974, when 34 sections and boxes were drawn. Relevant data on the stratigraphy of the location and evolution of the Princely Court were gathered on this occasion. The Princely house is a rectangular x 8.50m building made of rough stone bricks laid with hydraulic lime mortar and comprising the following rooms basement (cellar), ground floor and first floor; the vaivode family lived in the first floor rooms. The interior walls were decorated with wall tiles and stove tiles, some of them glazed, with different floral, geometrical, heraldic, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic patterns. The first documentary reference to the Princely Court dates back to 20 April Despite its great administrative and military importance at the end of Figure 6. Ruins on the Old Princely Court and Princely Court layout in 6 Detalii în Iulian Antonescu, Curţile domneşti de la Bacău, in Carpica, II, 1969, p

17 the 15 th century, after the disappearance of Alexăndrel (1496), and especially after the death of Stephen the Great (1504), its role progressively decreased. After Suleiman the Magnificent s campaign to Moldova (1538), no domestic documents make any reference to it any more. Today only the 2m high underground walls are left standing. The cellar arch was supported by strong stone piers. The stairs to the cellar, the nicely arched stone entrance gate, a small part of the burnt brick arch and a few wall recesses probably designed to shelter rush lights of lighting candles have also been preserved. The Princely House Ruins are on the List of Historical Monuments since 2004, under the code number BC-II-m-A and they are also the property of the Precista Church Parish. TOWER RUINS The Householder Tower was discovered during the archaeological campaign of 1984 through 1986, when sections 35 to 40 were opened. Part of the wall was discovered in section 35 quarry stone wall laid with lime, sand and charcoal mortar. The digs stopped in It is a x 10.80m rectangular building. As regards its height, specialists have quite different opinions, which range from a minimum of 10 m and a maximum of 25 m. The position of the monument in its location, its shape and size, as well as the depth of the foundations made us to assume that this was the Defence Tower of the Princely Court. Figure 7. Tower Ruins 17

18 These were most likely the quarters of the military personnel and also probably a prison. The tower was also a householder point with a clear view of the right bank of Bistriţa River and the fair area, as well as of the trade route crossing Bacau Municipality, which allowed free access to Transylvania, and also to the Moldavian hot economic spots Chilia and Cetatea Albă. The Tower Foundations are on the List of Historical Monuments since 2004, under the code number BC-II-m-A and they are also the property of the Precista Church Parish. 18 Figure 8. Location of the Princely Court Ensemble GIS map Address: str. 9 Mai nr. 48, Bacău GPS coordinates: 46o56 29, 26o91 67

19 Heritage Site Bounds In the rough, the heritage site bounds are the following streets 9 Mai Street (east), Unirii Boulevard (north), 9 Mai Pass (north), Miron Costin Street (north-east) and Erou Gh. Rusu Street (south), Cremenea Street (south) and Progresului Street (south-west). In the opinion of all the experts in historical archaeology, the location of the cultural heritage site called the Princely Court Ensemble and the Iulian Antonescu Museum Complex make up the very core of the later development of the town the co-called town core. Buffer Zone The buffer zone is the area around the cultural heritage site where additional legal and/or usual restrictions apply, which are intended to provide more protection to this wonderful site. The area contributes to the protection, preservation, management, integrity, genuineness and sustainability of the universal and exceptional value of this asset. The buffer zone defines different functions, such as visual integrity protection, legal protection strengthening, support of the socio-economic viability of the community, environmental control or natural disaster control function. Figure 9. The cultural heritage site Princely Court Ensemble and its buffer zone according to the 2012 General Urban Plan of Bacau Municipality GIS map 19

20 According to the domestic laws in effect, each cultural heritage item on the List of Historical Monuments has its own buffer zone (Law n0. 422/2001 on historical monuments protection), which defines standards and imposes limitations for any buildings erected there and restrictions for the preservation and protection of those buildings/cultural heritage items. The cultural heritage site area and its buffer zone were outlined in accordance with the General Urban Plan of Bacau Municipality updated and approved in This document provides the buffer zones of all the historical monuments in our town and it also requires that all the buffer zones of the historical monuments be set according to specialized surveys Zonal Urban Plans developed by the Local Government bodies (Law 422/2001, republished in 2006 al. 2) and endorsed by the Ministry of Culture and National Cultural Heritage. Also, the Law no. 422 of 18 July 2001 republished in 2006 on historical monuments protection provides an area of 100m around any historical monument as buffer zone. The extension of the legal buffer zone of only 100 m around the cultural heritage site to the main buffer zone set for the historical monuments of Bacau Municipality provided in the General Urban Plan of Bacau Municipality leads to and imposes certain area development standards that need to be complied with in order to emphasize the value of the local cultural heritage and especially of the Princely Court Ensemble from both a cultural-historical and tourist viewpoint. 20

21 Heritage Site Values HISTORICAL VALUES Princely Court Ensemble important spot in the historical evolution of Bacau Municipality and of the whole Moldavian region The research done over the years in Bacau Municipality has shown that this site was inhabited from the ancient of times. In the medieval age, i.e. ever since the second half of the 14 th century, the inhabitants of Bacau Municipality had chosen this location to build their houses and appurtenances, which endured throughout the first half of the 15 th century. The first dwellings belonging to the bourgeois of Bacău were discovered within the premises of the Precista Church. They were either built above ground, or dug in the ground and they usually had two or three rooms covered with oak beam girders on the inside and with clay on the outside. During Stephen the Great s time ( ), the Princely Courts Ensemble was erected here, which included the Princely House, the Householder (Defence) Tower, other appurtenances and the Princely church the patron of which was the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Stephen the Great s son, Alexander, was Figure 10. Princely Court Ruins 21

22 actually the one that got the most involved in the erection of these building, which occurred between 1476 and Due to his father s blessing and support, Alexander was the true governor of southern Moldova. There is very little written evidence describing the Princely Court of Bacău, the time of its erection or the context of its destruction. The first documentary reference to the existence of these Princely courts was found in a document dated 20 April 1491 emanating from Stephen the Great. Another reference dates back to the 17 th century and belongs to a Venetian traveller, Marcus Bandini, who noted the existence of a palace in ruins in the southern part of Bacau Municipality. The first archaeological research in the Princely courts area took place in 1967 and 1968, and then between 1970 and 1974 and 1984 and ARCHITECTURAL VALUES Princely Court Ensemble a Moldavian edifice in the style of Stephen the Great s time The Precista Church was built of stone and bricks, in the specific style of Stephen the Great s time. Vaivode Alexander intended to build a bodacious monument for his time. Therefore, the church was designed to observe the most demanding cultural and artistic requirements of its time. The Precista Church is part of the Ancient Princely Courts Ensemble which was 22 Figure 11. Stephen the Great and Vaivode Alexander painted on the walls of the Precista Church

23 built by Vaivode Stephen the Great and was the princely residence of his son, Alexander. The church construction started in 1489, later than the other Princely courts buildings, and finished on 1 January 1491, when the church was dedicated. The strength of the church is due to the 1.20m thick walls and to the two large exterior lateral piers the craftsmanship of which is impressive. All these contributed to the Precista Church s enduring throughout the centuries. Thus, until 1641, it only needed current repairs. Extended church repairs and interior works were performed at the time of Vasile Lupu s reign, the Vaivode of Moldova between 1634 and The iconostasis and the altar doors were rebuilt, the icons were repainted Renaissance-like with the prophets and saints faces painted in Humanistic manner. In 1854, the Archimandrite Nil initiates serious works on the church and alters its exterior shape. The tempera paintings were done on this same occasion. In 1907, the church is declared historical monument, and a report was drafted stating the need for extensive repairs. The church is renovated between 1924 and 1933, when it regains its initial shape. The interior paintings were completely redone in 1979, when the exterior niches were also reshaped. Between 1984 and 1988, the interior of the church was enriched with wooden furniture, the bell tower was rebuilt and the premises were surrounded by a brick and stone fence on concrete and quarry stone foundation. The church was renovated in the 19 th century while it was run by Greek hegumens. The works were supervised by the Archimandrite Nil and they caused important alterations to the edifice. A porch and a tower were added above the pronaos, which completely changed the exterior appearance of the church. 23

24 Inside the church, the glazed brick that was used to pave the church during Vaivode Alexander s time (or during Vasile Lupu s time at the latest), was covered with stone. In 1924, under the guidance of the architect George Sterian, the church regains its original shape, which is still visible today. Therefore, the bell tower above the pronaos and the porch restored in 1854 were torn down, the covering and the windows were rebuilt. The restoration works, which also included fresco restoration and edifice repainting, lasted until Located on the south-eastern side of the Ensemble, the lookout (defence) tower was probably designed to allow the supervision of the whole centraleastern side of the town and of the vital trade route on Siret Valley which branches out in Transylvania and Walachia. The guards of the Princely Court lived in this building. The function of this building was revealed to the archaeologists by some specific traits: its position, shape, size, foundation depths, which enabled specialists to assume that this was the lookout (defence) tower of the Princely Court. The cellar of the former building, made of quarry stone, may still be seen today. The bases of the two stone piers that are thought (by comparative study with other Romanian edifices of that time) to have supported the cellar s brick arch (remains of bricks were also found in the walls outlining the entrance, which probably had the same function) may still be seen inside. RELIGIOUS VALUES Princely Court Ensemble an orthodox religious cultural centre The Precista Church is one of the most famous churches in Bacau Town. The patron of the church is the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, as the church owns a valuable icon of Virgin Mary located on the right side of the iconostasis, which shows the Holy Trinity in the upper side and prophets faces on the sides. 24

25 The church iconostasis dates back to the 17 th century and is painted in the Renaissance style. The iconographic collection is extremely valuable due both to its age and disposition even and extremely attractive colours and to its extraordinary harmony. What makes the charm of the front of the altar is also the extremely beautiful sculptural frame. Important religious events for the local community are organized each year on the patron of the church. The number of pilgrims that take part in this holyday is increased Figure 12. Icon of Virgin Mary in the Precista by the miracle-working icon of Virgin Mary that is brought from Neamt Monastery and by the religious important persons from the Metropolitan Church of Moldova and Bukovina and Archbishopric of Roman and Bacău. State of Preservation According to the General Historical Study of the Monuments in Bacău City that grounded the General Urban Plan of Bacau Municipality, the Princely Court Ensemble is in a good general state of preservation, despite the numerous restorations suffered in time. The Precista Church was declared historical monument in 1907, on which occasion a report stating the need for extended repairs was also drafted. The church was renovated between 1924 and 1933, when it resumes its initial shape, thanks to the restoration campaign of the Commission on Historical Monuments. Therefore, in 1924, under the guidance of the architect George Sterian, the church regains its original shape, that may be still seen today. Therefore, the bell tower above the pronaos and the porch restored in 1854 were torn down, the covering and the windows 25

26 were rebuilt. The restoration works, which also included fresco restoration and edifice repainting, lasted until The interior paintings were completely redone in 1979, when the exterior niches were also reshaped. Between 1984 and 1988, the interior of the church was enriched with wooden furniture, the bell tower was rebuilt and the premises were surrounded by a brick and stone fence on concrete and quarry stone foundation. The church was renovated in the 19 th century while it was run by Greek hegumens. The works were supervised by the Archimandrite Nil and they caused important alterations to the edifice. A porch and a tower were added above the pronaos, which completely changed the exterior appearance of the church. Inside the church, the glazed brick that was used to pave the church during Vaivode Alexander s time (or during Vasile Lupu s time at the latest), was covered with stone. The representatives of different cultural institutions in Bacau Municipality (Bacau County Directorate for Culture and Iulian Antonescu Museum Complex) revealed a series of problems related to the state of preservation of the cultural heritage site, which include the current state of preservation of the Lookout (Defence) Tower and the alterations of the Precista Church which fail to meet the legal requirements in the field of historical monuments. Therefore, they suggested the reassessment of its current state of preservation and the development of a site restoration and preservation plan. 26

27 Ownership and Legal Framework Ownership The Precista Church Parish, which is subordinated to the Archbishopric of Roman and Bacău, owns the Princely Court Ensemble. Romanian Orthodox Church (Romanian Patriarchate) Metropolitan Church of Moldova and Bukovina Archbishopric of Iaşi Archbishopric of Suceava and Rădăuţi Archbishopric of Roman and Bacău Bishopric of Huşi Archpriestship of Roman Archpriestship of Bacău (98 parishes, 10 chapels and 6 monasteries) Precista Church Parish Archpriestship of Oneşti Archpriestship of Moineşti Archpriestship of Buhuşi Archpriestship of Sascut 27

28 28 PLANNING

29 PLANNING Vision and General Objectives Vision The long-term vision of the heritage site focuses on the purpose of the Management Plan of the heritage site called the Princely Court Ensemble. Its vision includes the cultural values of the site and provides the local community and the stakeholders with an image of what the heritage site will look like in Its vision relies first of all on the specificity of the Princely Court Ensemble and takes into consideration the main problem this site has to face, namely an insufficient valorisation of the existing cultural resources, as well as a need of urban development of the site area and its buffer zone. The Princely Court Ensemble is a reference point in the economic and cultural development of Bacau Municipality and it was built between 1489 and 1490 by Vaivode Alexander, the son of Stephen the Great the ruler of Moldova. Raising the awareness of the local community of Bacau Town about the cultural values of this Ensemble is a key aspect, and so are the development, promotion and preservation of the cultural heritage in compliance with the vision defined. Any future actions of the local institutions, nongovernmental organizations, business environment and local community should be in agreement with the vision defined, and this Management Plan of the Princely Court Ensemble heritage site is meant to supplement the strategic documents already drafted at local and county level. The Princely Court Ensemble will represent a central focus of cultural tourism in Bacau municipality and of cultural activities of the local community, by the valorisation of its specific elements and by the urban development of the area. 29

30 General Objective Whereas the vision of the heritage site Management Plan shows what the Princely Court Ensemble is expected to look like in 2019, the general objective and the strategic objectives focus on what needs to be done to fulfil this desideratum. The general objective of this Management Plan is to revive the cultural values of Bacau Municipality. This is a must considering that the fast economic development of Bacau Municipality during both the communist and the post-communist periods created an ever higher need to preserve and promote the cultural values of the town: Revival of the Cultural Values of Bacau Municipality by awareness, development, promotion and preservation of the Princely Court Ensemble heritage site and of the local cultural heritage. Bearing these components of the general objective in mind, we set the medium- and long-term strategic directions of the Management Plan: Rediscovery of the cultural values by the local community; Cultural heritage restoration and preservation for future generations; Heritage site valorisation for the consolidation of this area as a cultural tourism destination; Improvement of tourists and visitors management by better access to the heritage site. 30

31 Problem and Pressure Analysis The major problems of the heritage site and the pressure to which it is subjected, which we identified while drafting this Management Plan, are extremely important in the planning activity and they lead to the setting of the strategic objectives, of the action plan and of concrete projects/actions. The grouping of the major problems facing the heritage site and the pressures put on it outlined the intervention axes of the Management Plan for the period : Raising awareness about the values of the heritage site; Heritage site valorisation; Tourists and visitors management. Raising Awareness about the Heritage Site Values The Princely Court Ensemble has played a major role in the historical evolution of both Bacau Town and the whole Moldova region, as it includes the Precista Church, built by Vaivode Alexander during the reign of Stephen the Great, and the ruins of the ancient Princely court the cellars of the Princely House and the defence tower. The process of Management Plan drafting revealed that the inhabitants of Bacau Town are not aware of the value and historical importance of this heritage site. To them, this value resides solely in the religious events that take place in the Precista Church, which is a Christian orthodox establishment. It is therefore imperative that the inhabitants be informed of the historical values of this heritage site. At the same time, the inhabitants not being aware of the values and virtues of a heritage site means they re not knowing the regulations and protection actions applying to such heritage sites that bear great historical value. The inhabitants must to be informed of the need to preserve this heritage site and of the protection actions and measures that must be taken especially given the fact that religious events occur in this holy establishment at least once a week, which are attended by a large number of people. 31

32 Local awareness about the heritage site values also urges local institutions and bodies to get actively involved in actions of local, regional and national valorisation of the Princely Court Ensemble. Both the Precista Church and the ruins of the former Princely Court are currently owned by the Precista Church Parish. The protection and preservation of the heritage site, and its tourist development require good cooperation between the owner and the manager of the site, namely between the Precista Church Parish and the competent public institutions such as Bacau Town Hall, Bacau County Directorate for Culture, Religious Affairs and National Cultural Heritage, as well as other bodies interested in the protection, preservation and development of the heritage site. The value awareness raising problems are considered by the specific objectives and measures suggested: - M1.1. Involvement of the local community Figure 13. Information board at the entrance of the and public bodies heritage site - M1.2. Development of partnerships between the public cultural bodies 32

33 Heritage Site Valorisation The location of the heritage site in the middle of Bacau Municipality puts pressure on it due to the heavy traffic the town is confronted with, as Bacău is also an important transit point in the north-east development region. Therefore, measures designed to limit the very polluting traffic both in the heritage site area and in its buffer zone, which shelters other historical establishments, are required. In addition to traffic pollution, industrial pollution may be a threat to the preservation of the heritage site, as Bacau Municipality enjoys a prosperous economy based on industrial development. Building restoration is very important for the preservation of the specificity of the Princely Court Ensemble heritage site. Historical monuments require special attention by an accurate maintenance of their components (roof, windows, rain or underground water draining systems, sidewalk, surrounding vegetation, etc.) and by the preservation of their artistic components (wall painting, iconostasis, stone objects or pieces of furniture with artistic value). It is vital that these interventions be carried out by specialists who comply with the preservation rules, and that the introduction of different functionality elements (electric wiring, security systems, etc.) prevents any damages to the heritage site. Thus, the heritage site restoration with the observance of the cultural heritage regulations ensures its perpetuity and may raise a great amount of interest in the Ensemble both as concerns its funding and from a tourist viewpoint. The Princely Court Ensemble heritage site lacks tourist promotion, as there are no site promotion leaflets or booklets, as the Ensemble is not included in any well-known tourist tours, as there are no events that occur on or are related with the heritage site that may attract tourists, etc. Promotion is a must for any heritage site valorisation and it contributes to awareness raising among the population about the cultural and historical values of the Princely Court Ensemble. As shown above, the fact that the heritage site is located in the town centre is a problem due to the heavy traffic that causes noise pollution, air pollution and vibrations that may damage the site buildings, and that prevents the tourists from moving freely in the site access area. Despite the 33

34 heavy traffic, the Princely Court Ensemble lacks visibility, as there are no indicators showing the way to this tourist attraction and no information boards around the heritage site. At the same time, the tourists visiting other tourist attractions in other areas of the town and even the inhabitants of Bacau Municipality should be informed of the existence and main values of the heritage site either in the public transportation means, of by information boards placed in the hot spots of the town. The visibility of the heritage site may also be increased by introducing the Princely Court Ensemble in well-known national and regional tourist tours, such as religious or historical tours. The heritage site valorisation problems are considered by the specific objectives and measures suggested: - M1.1. Involvement of the local community and public bodies - M2.1. Tourist product development and promotion - M2.2. Increase of the visibility of the heritage site - M2.3. Heritage site restoration and preservation - M3.1. Development of the tourist infrastructure in the heritage site area - M3.2. Improvement of the heritage site accessibility Figure 14. Information board inside the heritage site 34

35 Tourists and Visitors Management The stakeholders involved in the Management Plan drafting identified a set of heritage site problems the source of which is the urban development of the town and of the central area where the Princely Court Ensemble is located, which influence tourists and visitors management. Bacau Municipality has undergone significant changes in its structure and urban aspect over the last years. Both the communist and the postcommunist eras left their mark on the urban development. From this point of view, the heritage site area is besieged by an agglomeration of residential buildings the exterior appearance of which requires embellishment and the surrounding green area of which needs improving in order to create a pleasant landscape appearance. The buffer zone around the heritage site, which includes most of the cultural attractions of Bacau Municipality, also requires landscaping improvement and urban monument rules implementation. In addition to the urban appearance of the area, heritage site accessibility and tourist infrastructure need to be considered by heritage site development. Figure 15. Access by car and on foot to the heritage site 35

36 The tourist infrastructure of Bacau Municipality includes 15 tourist accommodation facilities, 19 restaurants and day bars, entertainment facilities, a tourist information centre on the premises of Moldova Hotel Complex, taxi, rent-a-car. Coming back to the heritage site area, tourist infrastructure development would involve the modernization of the parking lot nearby, the creation of a tourist information point/booth close to or inside the Princely Court Ensemble, and the creation of gift shops. Heritage site accessibility is an essential development component, and public transportation infrastructure modernization is an important step in ensuring the access of all the tourists and inhabitants, either on foot, or on bike, in a car or public transportation means. The urban development problems and those affecting the heritage site area and its buffer zone are considered by the specific objectives and measures suggested: - M2.3. Heritage site restoration and preservation - M3.1. Development of the tourist infrastructure in the heritage site area - M3.2. Improvement of the heritage site accessibility - M3.3. Improvement of the urban appearance in the heritage site area - M3.4. Transport infrastructure modernization in the heritage site area Opportunities Cultural tourism has been continuously developing in Europe, where event tourism development was accompanied by the growing interest of culture consumers, and cultural motivations converge towards generalization rather than towards specific cultural targets, which means that the offer should include cultural products, leisure and entertainments facilities. Therefore, current tourism trends create a development opportunity for the Princely Court Ensemble as cultural tourism product. There is real involvement in the tourism business at national level by projects implemented by the Regional Operational Plan providing for tourism development, by the Multiannual Tourism Marketing and Promotion Programme, in accordance with the strategic guidelines of the National Tourism Development Master Plan

37 The involvement of the central government authorities, such as the Ministry of Culture, or of the institutions concerned with national heritage valorisation is a real support to heritage site valorisation, as concerns both the design and performance of heritage rehabilitation, restoration and preservation. Local partnerships between the site owner, public local government authority, cultural institutions, associations, foundations and business entities are essential for the development and implementation of the actions required for Management Plan objective reaching. Both the Princely Court Ensemble heritage site, and other monuments of Bacau Municipality enjoy the attention of schools which organize trips for children and pupils, for various school programmes. Therefore, there is the possibility of involving the Princely Court Ensemble in the learning process, namely for the history, homeroom or other classes. The existence of structural European programs is an opportunity that must be fructified for tourist, road and urban infrastructure development, and also for the valorisation of historical monuments which are tourist attractions, civil community involvement, etc. On 31 March 2013, the European funding absorption rate from the European funds allocated to Romania for the period was 13.05%. The funds for the next period, i.e , are now being negotiated. Thus, the funds currently available and the future financial allocations are an important funding source for the projects included in this Management Plan. At the same time, there are also other funding sources such as SEE and Norwegian grants, or community and governmental programmes, which are a cultural heritage valorisation opportunity in Bacau Municipality. 37

38 Specific Objectives and Action Plan The analysis of the problems that the heritage site is currently facing and of the pressures put on it identified the main resources that should be valorised for the sustainable development of the site, on various intervention axes. This stage of the Management Plan also details and structures the intervention axes according to specific objectives and measures. Specific Objectives Specific Objective 1. Raising the awareness of the local community about the cultural values of Bacau Municipality The historical town development and especially the urban changes undergone by its historical areas under the communist regime, when the priority was economic development and especially industrialization, compel the inhabitants, and the public local institutions and authorities to ensure the preservation of the existing cultural values for future generations. The first step is raising the awareness of the local community about the cultural values of Bacau Municipality and about the historical importance of the Princely Court Ensemble for town development. Measures: 1. Involvement of the local community and public bodies 2. Development of partnerships between the public cultural bodies Specific Objective 2. Heritage resources valorisation Measures of valorisation of the Princely Court Ensemble heritage resources need to be implemented in order to achieve the vision and strategic objectives. The lack of promotion of the heritage site, its low visibility within 38

39 the premises of the town and the need to preserve the Site are major problems that lead to the setting of this objective. Local cultural heritage promotion is vital for knowing local and cultural history and culture and it is a means of access to culture of both the current and future generations, for information, study and research purposes. Measures: 1. Tourist product development and promotion 2. Increase of the visibility of the heritage site 3. Heritage site restoration and preservation Specific Objective 3. Urban development of the heritage site area The urban development of both the heritage site area and its buffer zone has a major impact on the development of the tourist component of the Princely Court Ensemble. All tourists visiting the heritage site need a specific infrastructure, easy access and modern infrastructure. Also, the pleasant landscape of the area increases the heritage site value. The fact that Bacau Municipality is an important transit point in the north-east development region, which connects the northern and the southern parts of the country, and implicitly the capital city, plays a significant role in achieving this objective. Measures: 1. Development of the tourist infrastructure in the heritage site area 2. Improvement of the heritage site accessibility 3. Infrastructure modernization in the heritage site area 39

40 Action Plan The action plan provides details regarding the implementation of the strategic objectives of the Management Plan, such as concrete actions / projects, people in charge and partners, cost estimates, implementation time and connection with the other projects. Specific Objectives O1. Raising the awareness of the local community about the cultural values of Bacau Municipality 40 Measures M1.1. Involvement of the local community and public bodies M1.2. Development of partnerships between the public cultural bodies Projects SOS Bacau Municipality cultural heritage - Informing the inhabitants of the historical value of the heritage site Awareness raising and information campaign about the legal regulations in the cultural historical heritage field Information campaign about the cultural historical heritage protection actions among pupils Learning at the heritage site Homeroom or history classes may be held within the premises of the heritage site Organization of contests about the local and regional history and culture Carrying out cultural activities in partnership with other cultural bodies/institutions in Romania or abroad Hosting events on historical and cultural topics organized by other cultural bodies/institutions in town

41 Specific Objectives O2. Heritage resources valorisation Measures M2.1. Tourist product development and promotion M2.2. Increase of the visibility of the heritage site Projects Creation of the Informal Group for Cultural Revival of Bacau Municipality by the cooperation between specialized and competent institutions operating in this field Organization form time to time of a cultural management and local identity revival course addressed to the entities, specialist and volunteers operating in this field Organization of experience exchanges with similar entities in other regions and countries Organization of a symposium on cultural topics related to the heritage site Design of the Princely Court Ensemble heritage site promotion strategy Creation of heritage site promotion materials Historical carnival in the heritage site area Organization of exhibitions on historical/religious topics in the heritage site Adequate marking of the heritage site area (information boards, indicators, etc.) Information on the site in 41

42 Specific Objectives O3. Urban development of the heritage site area 42 Measures M2.3. Heritage site restoration and preservation M3.1. Development of the tourist infrastructure in the heritage site area M3.2. Improvement of the heritage site accessibility Projects hot spots throughout the town Setting urban tourist tours to include the Princely Court Ensemble as central point Inclusion of the heritage site in known regional and national tourist tours Development of the Tourism Management Plan of the Princely Court Ensemble Restoration of the heritage site in compliance with the cultural heritage regulations in effect Endowment of the meeting rooms in the heritage site with specific equipment Creation of specific tourist infrastructure in the heritage site area Setup of the Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre Modernization of the parking lot in the heritage site area Increase of the heritage site accessibility by public transportation means Implementation of traffic management systems in the heritage site area and in the buffer zone Improvement of

43 Specific Objectives Measures M3.3. Infrastructure modernization in the heritage site area Projects pedestrian areas, urban furniture and public lighting system Road modernization in the heritage site area Modernization of public transportation stops in the heritage site area and in the buffer zone Creation of bicycle trails in the heritage site area and in the buffer zone 43

44 Project Fiche No. F1 F2 Project Title SOS Bacau Municipality cultural heritage - Informing the inhabitants of the historical value of the heritage site Awareness raising and information campaign about the legal regulations in the cultural historical heritage field Priority B C ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 20,000 Euros 10,000 Euros Funding Source EEA Grants, institution budget, other funds European funding, Ministry of Culture, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Bacău County Directorate for Culture Georgeta şi Mircea Cancicov Cultural Foundation Bacău County Board of Education Bacău County Directorate for Culture Bacau Municipality Hall Implementation Period , from time to time Connected Projects

45 Project Fiche No. Project Title Priority ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate Funding Source Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Implementation Period Connected Projects F Information campaign about the cultural historical heritage protection actions among pupils B 15,000 Euros European funding, Ministry of Culture, other funds Bacău County Directorate for Culture Bacău County Board of Education , from time to time F4 F Learning at the heritage site Homeroom or history classes may be held within the premises of the heritage site Organization of contests about the local and regional history and culture B B 5,000 Euros 5,000 Euros "Lifelong learning" programme, European funding, other funds "Lifelong learning" programme, European funding, other funds Bacău County Board of Education Precista Parish Local cultural associations and foundations Bacău County Board of Education Bacău County Directorate for Culture Local cultural associations and foundations , from time to time

46 Project Fiche No. Project Title Priority ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate Funding Source Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Implementation Period Connected Projects F Carrying out cultural activities in partnership with other cultural bodies/institutions in Romania or abroad C 15,000 Euros European funding, other funds Bacău County Directorate for Culture Iulian Antonescu Museum Complex Precista Parish Local cultural associations and foundations 2015, from time to time F Hosting events on historical and cultural topics organized by other cultural bodies/institutions in town C - Sponsorships, other funds Precista Parish , from time to time

47 Project Fiche No. F8 Project Title Creation of the Informal Group for Cultural Revival of Bacau Municipality by the cooperation between specialized and competent institutions operating in this field Priority D ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 5,000 Euros Funding Source EEA Grants, institution budget, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) After the creation of the tourist information and urban marketing centre, this structure will set up and manage the informal group and will involve the group members in activities connected to cultural revival. Implementation Period Connected Projects

48 Project Fiche No. F9 F10 Project Title Organization form time to time of a cultural management and local identity revival course addressed to the entities, specialist and volunteers operating in this field Organization of experience exchanges with similar entities in other regions and countries Priority D G ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 8,000 Euros 10,000 Euros Funding Source European funding, other funds EEA Grants, institution budget, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Bacău County Directorate for Culture Iulian Antonescu Museum Complex Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Implementation Period 2016, from time to time 2016 Connected Projects

49 Project Fiche No. F11 F12 Project Title Organization of a symposium on cultural topics related to the heritage site Design of the Princely Court Ensemble heritage site promotion strategy Priority B A ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 15,000 Euros 10,000 Euros Funding Source Institution budget, Ministry of Culture, other funds EEA Grants, European funding, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Bacău County Directorate for Culture Iulian Antonescu Museum Complex Precista Parish Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Precista Parish Implementation Period Connected Projects

50 Project Fiche No. F13 Project Title Creation of heritage site promotion materials Priority B ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 30,000 Euros* *the estimated budget may vary depending on the previous strategic promotion suggestions Funding Source Institution budget, European funding, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Bacău County Directorate for Culture Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Precista Parish Civitas Bacoviensis Association of Bacău Implementation Period Connected Projects

51 Project Fiche No. F14 F15 F16 Project Title Historical carnival in the heritage site area Organization of exhibitions on historical/religious topics in the heritage site Adequate marking of the heritage site area (information boards, indicators, etc.) Priority B A A ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 7,000 Euros 2,000 Euros 7,000 Euros Funding Source Institution budget, other funds Institution budget, other funds European funding, institution budget, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Precista Parish Local NGOs Precista Parish Bacău County Directorate for Culture Iulian Antonescu Museum Complex Implementation Period , from time to time Bacau Municipality Hall Connected Projects

52 Project Fiche No. Project Title Priority ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate Funding Source Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Implementation Period Connected Projects F17 F Information on the site in hot spots throughout the town Setting urban tourist tours to include the Princely Court Ensemble as central point C A 10,000 Euros 9,000 Euros European funding, institution budget, other funds European funding, institution budget, other funds Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Civitas Bacoviensis Association of Bacău

53 Project Fiche No. F19 F20 Project Title Inclusion of the heritage site in known regional and national tourist tours Development of the Tourism Management Plan of the Princely Court Ensemble Priority B D ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 8,000 Euros 6,000 Euros Funding Source European funding, institution budget, other funds Institution budget, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) NGOs and other culturalhistorical bodies Parohia Precista Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Implementation Period Connected Projects

54 Project Fiche No. F21 F22 Project Title Restoration of the heritage site in compliance with the cultural heritage regulations in effect Endowment of the meeting rooms in the heritage site with specific equipment Priority D C ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 2,000,000 Euros 10,000 Euros Funding Source National Program of Historical Monuments Restoration, other programmes of the Ministry of Culture, European regional development funds, other funds European funding, governmental funds, institution budget, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Precista Parish Bacau Municipality Hall Bacău County Directorate for Culture Implementation Period Precista Parish 2015 Connected Projects

55 Project Fiche No. F23 F24 Project Title Creation of specific tourist infrastructure in the heritage site area Setup of the Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre Priority C B ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 6,000 Euros 25,000 Euros Centre startup/setup costs 130,000 Euros/year operation costs Funding Source Institution budget, European funding, other funds Institution budget, European funding, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Precista Parish Bacau Municipality Hall (Tourist Information and Urban Marketing Centre) Implementation Period Bacau Municipality Hall 2014 Connected Projects

56 Project Fiche No. Project Title Priority ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate Funding Source Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Implementation Period Connected Projects F Modernization of the parking lot in the heritage site area C 300,000 Euros Institution budget, European funding, other funds Bacau Municipality Hall F26 F Increase of the heritage site accessibility by public transportation means Implementation of traffic management systems in the heritage site area and in the buffer zone D C 50,000 Euros 2,000,000 Euros Institution budget, European funding, other funds Institution budget, European funding, other funds Bacau Municipality Hall Bacau Municipality Hall

57 Project Fiche No. F28 F29 F30 Project Title Improvement of pedestrian areas, urban furniture and public lighting system Road modernization in the heritage site area Modernization of public transportation stops in the heritage site area and in the buffer zone Priority D E E ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 500,000 Euros 3,000,000 Euros 1,000,000 Euros Funding Source Institution budget, European funding, other funds Institution budget, European funding, other funds Institution budget, European funding, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Implementation Period Bacau Municipality Hall 2016 Bacau Municipality Hall Bacau Municipality Hall 2017 Connected Projects

58 Project Fiche No. F31 Project Title Creation of bicycle trails in the heritage site area and in the buffer zone Priority D ACTION PLAN Budget Estimate 2,000,000 Euros Funding Source Institution budget, European funding, other funds Person in Charge of Implementation / Partners Implementation Period Bacau Municipality Hall Connected Projects

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62 Document made within the project Achieving SUSTainability through an integrated approach to the management of CULTural heritage, financed by the SE Europe Transnational Cooperation Program, priority axis South East Europe (SEE) Programme, Priority Axis 4 Development of transnational synergies for sustainable growth areas. Editor: Bacău Local Development Agency Address: Ioniţă Sandu Sturza Street, no. 1, 9-10 rooms BACAU, , ROMANIA office@adlbacau.ro Project partners: For more information, visit: