Report YBT Greece Report about Attitudes of pre-university students GREECE January 2017

Transcription

1 Report about Attitudes of pre-university students GREECE January 2017 Page 1

2 Summary 1. Introduction Objectives Data Sheet Relevant Conclusions The different type of future career path Geographic mobility Most preferred provinces and countries for work Future career path Summary Graphics Graphic 1: What do you want to do in the future?... 6 Graphic 2: Preference for entrepreneurship by country... 7 Graphic 3: Preferences of pre-university students about their professional future Graphic 4: Being a civil servant Graphic 5: Being an entrepreneur Graphic 6: Being a wage earner Graphic 7: Geographical mobility relating to provinces Graphic 8: Geographical mobility relating to countries Graphic 9: Geographic mobility by zones. Change province Graphic 10: Geographic mobility by zones. Change country Graphic 11: Most preferred provinces related to career path Graphic 12: Most preferred countries related to career path Graphic 13: Decision about future career path Graphic 14: Decision about future studies Graphic 15: Decision about future studies by provinces Summary Tables Table 1: Preferences by type of work compared to countries Table 2: Type of work by gender Table 3: Geographical mobility relating to provinces by gender Table 4: Geographical mobility relating to countries by gender Table 5: Decision about future studies by gender Page 2

3 This report has been coordinated by Prof. Daniel Arias Aranda from University of Granada (Spain). This report has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the research project ECO R. Acknowledgements We want to thank all teachers for their guidance and eagerness, all partners for their support and all the participating students for their enthusiasm. Page 3

4 1. Introduction Young Business Talents (YBT) is a business simulation experience that allows participants to make all kinds of decisions within a virtual company. YBT lets participants experience the process of managing a firm in order to develop and put into practice their skills and knowledge. In order to obtain complete information about YBT please visit The Young Business Talents Report (YBTR) is a social research based on data from YBT that is developed to identify the attitudes and tendencies of young Greece pre-university students as well as the most relevant issues that may impact their future and that of the whole society. YBTR is promoted and carried out by NIVEA and Praxis MMT as a part of its business social responsibility and with the objective to help young people including families, to enhance their perspectives about their professional future. The presented results have a transcendence in the short and long term that may imply the need for changes in the way to address educational and social needs. YBTR presents the results that are understood as most significant and relevant for the youth and for the society. In some of these results, comparisons with other countries are presented, to provide a broader view that allows the company for a more concrete and deeper evaluation. The studied universe of teenagers between 15 and 21 years old is crucial. Since it is at this age when they settle the criteria and attitudes that will prevail and affect much of their adult life. 2. Objectives To get to know reliably: The reality of young people's perceptions to transcendental issues regarding their attitudes and aptitudes towards future employment. Their interests about future professional careers. Their preferences in the development of their future professions. Whether the application of new educational technologies and techniques increases the chances for academic and professional success. Page 4

5 3. Data Sheet Social research of young pre-university students between the ages of 15 and 21, Studies of 1º, 2º and 3º year of Bachillerato (High School) and Ciclos medio y superior de Formación Professional (Professional training). Universe studied: young people. Universe considered: Infinite. Information collection instrument: Structured questionnaire of 10 questions, 8 closed and 2 open questions. The questionnaire is answered by the individuals in the sample online at the time of the enrolment in Young Business Talents. Sample: individuals. Sampling method: Random clustering Data were collected between October and November 2016 with a degree of confidence of 95%; P=Q=0,50; Error: +/- 1,10% 4. Relevant Conclusions The majority of young Greece pre-university students (48,11%) consider that funding an own company is the best option for their future career path (See Graphic 1). Data from last year report (see YBT report 2015) showed that 42,50% opted for entrepreneurship which counts for a difference of 5,61% between both samples. However, 37,53% of these students would like to work for a company in the near future and 14,36% of them prefer working as a civil servant. 72,94% of the sample have a clear idea about what profession and activities they would like to do in the future. Those students who are intending to go to the university (72,66%) prefer to study Medicine, Economics, Technics and Law. Page 5

6 2016 Become entrepreneurs 48,11% Working for a company 37,53% Working as civil servants 14,36% Graphic 1: What do you want to do in the future? The interest of participant to become entrepreneurs is significantly different according to different regions. The zone with the highest predisposition to create a company are the provinces Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean (56,40%), Epiros, Thessaly (50%) and Attica (48,63%). The area where the young people are less willing to found a company is formed by Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean (46,07%) and Macedonia (46,12%) If we compare the degree of interest for entrepreneurship with other Southern European countries like Spain, Portugal and Italy the distances are very large among the young people of the sample. With 48,11% Greece is the country with the highest degree of entrepreneurship. Followed by Portugal with 46,47% and Italy with 38,34%. In comparison, Spaniards have the lowest will of being entrepreneurs (36,16%). Comparing with Mexico with 65,35%, the difference of becoming entrepreneurs is even larger (See Graphic 2). Page 6

7 ,00% 67,29% 66,28% 60,00% 50,00% 40,00% 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 45,08% 42,50% 41,42% 0,00% Mexico Greece Portugal Italy Spain ,00% 65,35% 60,00% 50,00% 40,00% 48,11% 46,47% 38,34% 36,16% 30,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0,00% Mexico Greece Portugal Italy Spain Graphic 2: Preference for entrepreneurship by country With 14,36% the Greece have the second lowest willingness be civil servants after Portugal with 8,57%. In comparison with 25,84%, young Spanish pre-university students have the highest willingness to work as a civil servant. (See Table 1). 37,53% of the Greece pre-university students who want to work in the private sector prefer to work for the following companies in the following priority order (See Graphic 2b): Page 7

8 Nivea Google Apple Nike Microsoft Samsung Nasa Graphic 2b: preferences working companies There is also a notable willingness for Greece to change the place of residence for work. 78,17% of the students would change the province for their future profession (See Graphic 7). There is a decrease of 5,47% compared to 2015 (83,64%). Furthermore 83,53% would even change to another country for their future career path (See Graphic 8). The most attractive cities for working are, in this order of preference: Thessaloniki, Attica, Heraklion, Aetolia, Ionnina and Zakynthos. The most attractive countries according to preferences are the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, Germany, France and Italy (See Graphic 12). 5. The different type of future career path In this part of this report we intend to figure out whether there is a substantial difference in young students according to their preference of working as a wage earners in the private sector, in the public sector or becoming entrepreneurs. Page 8

9 48,11% of young students intend to become entrepreneurs while 37,53% of them prefer to work for the private sector. In 2015 this figures were 42,50% and 42,24% respectively. An increase of 5,61% and a decrease of 4,71% could be recognized. The rest of them (14,36%) intend to become civil servants. Compared to 2015 with 15,26% this involves only a slightly difference. Page 9

10 2015 Become entrepreneur s 42,50% Working for a company 42,24% Working as civil servants 15,26% 2016 Become entrepreneur s 48,11% Working for a company 37,53% Working as civil servants 14,36% Graphic 3: Preferences of pre-university students about their professional future The importance of this information acquires relevance when studying the different zones. We could recognize that the work preferences are different compared to each region. Hence, 14,36% of the pre-university students considered to be civil servants as the best option for the future. The differences between the different zones of the country are significant. Young people from Epiros, Thessaly (19,23%), Macedonia (15,61%) and Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean (13,37) are those who prefer to be civil servants. The provinces with the biggest rejection to be civil servant are formed by Attica (12,12%) and Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean (12,57%). Page 10

11 Epirus, Thessaly Macedonia Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese Attica 19,23% 15,61% 13,37% 12,57% 12,21% 0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% Graphic 4: Being a civil servant The young people with the most entrepreneurial spirit in Greece are those in the provinces formed by Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean (56,40%), Epiros, Thessaly (50%) and Attica (48,63%). The lowest results are formed by (Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese) and Macedonia with 46,07% and 46,12% respectively. The difference between the more entrepreneurial states and the less entrepreneurial provinces are up to 10%. Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean Epiros, Thessaly 50,00% 56,40% Attica 48,63% Macedonia Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese 46,12% 46,07% 0,00% 20,00% 40,00% 60,00% Graphic 5: Being an entrepreneur Compared to the students who want to work for a private company, the area Attica (39,16%), Macedonia (38,87%) and Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese (37,70%) shows the highest results respectively. The lowest results are formed by (Crete, Iionian Islands, North, South Aegean) and (Epiros, Thessaly) with 30,23% and 30,77% respectively. Page 11

12 Attica 39,16% Macedonia Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese 38,87% 37,70% Epiros, Thessaly Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean 30,77% 30,23% 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% Graphic 6: Being a wage earner Compared to other South European countries like Spain, Portugal and Italy the young Greece pre-university students are with a score of 48,11% the highest in this ranking who are intending to start a company. They have an average willingness to be wage earners in the public sectors (14,36%). The remain 37,53% of them prefer to work for a private company. Only young Mexicans have with 65,35% a higher willingness to be entrepreneurs Country Spain Italy Portugal Greece Mexico Working for a company Working as a civil servant Become an entrepreneur Total 32,51% 26,07% 41,42% 100% 38,43% 16,49% 45,08% 100% 23,87% 8,84% 67,29% 100% 42,24% 15,26% 42,50% 100% 19,86% 13,87% 66,28% 100% Page 12

13 2016 Country Spain Italy Portugal Greece Mexico Working for a company Working as a civil servant Become an entrepreneur Total 37,99% 25,84% 36,16% 100% 37,18% 24,48% 38,34% 100% 44,96% 8,57% 46,47% 100% 37,53% 14,36% 48,11% 100% 29,40% 5,25% 65,35% 100% Table 1: Preferences by type of work compared to countries Considering the choice of the type of work by gender, we can observe that there is nearly no significant difference between female and male students. Males are more likely to become an entrepreneur and females are more likely to be a civil servant. Gender Working for a company Working as a civil servant Become an entrepreneur Total Female 36,71% 15,51% 47,78% 100,00% Male 38,38% 13,16% 48,46% 100,00% Total 37,53% 14,36% 48,11% 100,00% Table 2: Type of work by gender 6. Geographic mobility Regarding to the issue of mobility, we find out that young people between the ages of 15 and 21 are willing to change their place of residence to improve their professionally job chance. 78,17% of the young Greece pre-university students would change the Province for their future career path. Compared to 83,64% in 2015 it is a decrease of 5,47%. Page 13

14 No 21,83% Yes 78,17% Graphic 7: Geographical mobility relating to provinces Comparing to the willingness of Greece pre-university students to change the province by gender, there is only a slight difference between female or male students. In general females are more willing to change to another province for work than males. Gender Yes No Total Female 80,46% 19,54% 100,00% Male 75,77% 24,23% 100,00% Total 78,17% 21,83% 100,00% Table 3: Geographical mobility relating to provinces by gender According to the geographic mobility 83,53% of the young Greece pre-university students would even change to another country for their professional future career path. The rest of them (16,47%) would not. Page 14

15 No 16,47% Yes 83,53% Graphic 8: Geographical mobility relating to countries Comparing the willingness of young Greece pre-university students to change the country by gender, we could not recognize a significant difference between female and male students. In general females are more willing to change to another country compared to males. The difference is about 4,09%. Gender Yes No Total Female 85,52% 14,48% 100,00% Male 81,43% 18,57% 100,00% Total 83,53% 16,47% 100,00% Table 4: Geographical mobility relating to countries by gender Page 15

16 Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean 89,53% 88,37% Epiros, Thessaly 88,03% Macedonia 83,69% Atica 64,73% 0,00% 25,00% 50,00% 75,00% 100,00% Graphic 9: Geographic mobility by zones. Change province Atica 84,59% Macedonia 84,19% Epiros, Thessaly 82,91% Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean 80,63% 77,91% 0,00% 20,00% 40,00% 60,00% 80,00% Graphic 10: Geographic mobility by zones. Change country 7. Most preferred provinces and countries for work Regarding to the question which provinces young Greece pre-university students prefer at most, the graphic highlights that Thessaloniki has with 40,11% the largest number of preferences followed by Attica (27,59%), Heraklion (3,62%), Aetolia (2,97%), Ionnina (2,18%) and Zakynthos (1,62%). Page 16

17 Zakynthos 1,62% Aetolia 2,97% Heraklion 3,62% Other provinces 21,91% Ionnina 2,18% Thessaloniki 40,11% Attica 27,59% Graphic 11: Most preferred provinces related to career path Regarding to the question which country young Greece pre-university students prefer at most, the graphic highlights that the United States has with 17,68% the largest number of preferences followed by the United Kingdom with 11,92%, Australia with 6,77%, Switzerland with 6,37%, Germany with 6%, France with 4,83% and Italy with 4,46%. United States 17,68% Other countries 41,97% Italy 4,46% France 4,83% Germany 6,00% United Kingdom 11,92% Australia 6,77% Switzerland 6,37% Graphic 12: Most preferred countries related to career path Page 17

18 8. Future career path The young students were asked if they know what professional activity they want to pursue in the future. 72,94% of them knew exactly what they would like to do and 27,06% did not. They were also asked if they had decided yet what they want to study. The results show that 72,66% of the students were clear about their future career path and 24,62% have not decided yet. The rest with 2,72% prefer working instead of studying. Compared to 2015 the number was 73,62% (Yes) and 26,38% (No) respectively. No 27,06% Yes 72,94% Graphic 13: Decision about future career path No 24,62% Prefer working 2,72% Yes 72,66% Graphic 14: Decision about future studies Page 18

19 Comparing the future career path of young Greece pre-university students by gender, the difference between female and male students are slight. Female students seem to know better what they want to study comparing to male students (3,84% higher). Male students on the other hand prefer working instead of studying (1,35%). Gender Yes No Prefer Working Total Female 74,53% 23,42% 2,06% 100,00% Male 70,69% 25,90% 3,41% 100,00% Total 72,66% 24,62% 2,72% 100,00% Table 5: Decision about future studies by gender Considering Greece by provinces we can observe that young people from Macedonia (73,62%), Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean (73,26%) and Epiros, Thessaly (72,65%) have a clearer sight about their academic future. Compared to the young people from Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese (68,06%) and Attica (72,37%). Macedonia 73,62% Crete, Iionian Islands, North and South Aegean 73,26% Epiros, Thessaly 72,65% Attica 72,37% Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese 68,06% 0,00% 25,00% 50,00% 75,00% Graphic 15: Decision about future studies by provinces Page 19

20 Discussion There are definitely clear differences between perceptions on professional careers for Greek students compared to other countries. Greek students are keener to self-employment which clearly shows that the expectations of become entrepreneurs is a crucial issue for Greek students. There are clear differences between regions and genders. This report intends to serve as a general view of perceptions among young students. However, deeper research is needed to analyze every dimension. Only descriptive data is shown without further statistical analysis which will be object of future studies. Questionnaire 1- Sabes qué actividad profesional quieres ejercer en el futuro? a) Sí b) No 2- Qué te gustaría hacer en el futuro? a) Trabajar para una empresa b) Ser Funcionario/empleado público c) Ser Emprendedor creando mi propia empresa 3- En qué empresa o institución te gustaría trabajar si te dieran a elegir? 4- Vivirías en otra provincia por el trabajo? a) Sí b) No 5- Si cambiaras de provincia elige la que preferirías para trabajar? 6- Cambiarías de país por el trabajo? a) Sí b) No Page 20

21 7- Si cambiaras de país elige el que preferirías para trabajar? 8- Tienes decidida la titulación que vas a estudiar? a) Sí b) No 9 - En qué universidad, centro de FP u otro te gustaría estudiar? Annex- Raw Data table 1. Type of job Type of job Public Employee Private employee Self-Employed Total Attica 12,21% 39,16% 48,63% 100,00 % Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese 12,09% 40,66% 47,25% 100,00 % Crete, Ionian Islands, North and South Aegean 14,84% 29,67% 55,49% 100,00 % Epirus, Thessaly 15,71% 35,66% 48,63% 100,00 % Macedonia 16,10% 39,38% 44,52% 100,00 % Total 14,36% 37,53% 48,11% 100,00 % 2. Possibility to change the area in order to have professional improvement. Possibility to change the area No Yes Total Attica 35,27% 64,73% 100,00% Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese 4,40% 95,60% 100,00% Crete, Ionian Islands, North and South 10,99% 89,01% 100,00% Aegean Epirus, Thessaly 18,58% 81,42% 100,00% Macedonia 11,82% 88,18% 100,00% Total 21,83% 78,17% 100,00% 3. Possibility to go to foreign. Page 21

22 Possibility to go to foreing No Yes Total Attica 15,41% 84,59% 100,00% Central and Western Greece, Peloponnese 14,29% 85,71% 100,00% Crete, Ionian Islands, North and South 22,53% 77,47% 100,00% Aegean Epirus, Thessaly 14,89% 85,11% 100,00% Macedonia 18,49% 81,51% 100,00% Total 16,47% 83,53% 100,00% 4. Country s preferences to work Page 22