A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL STANDARD PERFORMANCE PART OF TRANSITION COURSE WITH LPC - NG

Transcription

1 A318/A319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL STANDARD PERFORMANCE PART OF TRANSITION COURSE WITH LPC - NG Rtr: U422ST0

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3 This document must be used for training purpose only. Under no circumstances should this document be used as a reference. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form, by any means, without the prior written permission of Airbus S.A.S. 1, rond-point Maurice Bellonte Blagnac Cedex FRANCE AIRBUS S.A.S All rights reserved. AIRBUS Environmental Recommendation «Please consider your environmental responsibility before printing this document»

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5 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) CONTENTS U422ST0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages 1. COURSE CONTENTS OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS FCOM PROCEDURE EXTRACTS FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS QRH EXTRACTS GUIDED EXAMPLES LPC FINAL EXERCISE LPC WEIGHT & BALANCE REMINDER TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER DATE: NOV 2011 Page i ZFCP107

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7 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) COURSE CONTENTS 1. COURSE CONTENTS CONTENTS: 1.1. Schedule of the Course Course Objectives FCOM and QRH acronyms... 5 DATE: NOV 2011 Page 1 ZFCP117

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9 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) COURSE CONTENTS 1.1. Schedule of the Course Documentation Overview Operations documents FCOM extracts QRH extracts Performance Training Manual: Provides documentation for use during this course, Summary of the course and examples used are available for future reference, Computer Flight Plan Description of relevant information on CFP Gross error check of fuel calculation with FMGS LPC utilisation LPC presentation Weight & balance Takeoff calculation In-flight calculation Landing calculation Flight Operations Cruise Optimization LPC Application exercises Additional Performance Performance Review DATE: NOV 2011 Page 3 ZFCP117

10 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) COURSE CONTENTS 1.2. Course Objectives The main objective of this course is to present the AIRBUS performance documentation: The LPC NG performance tool, Flight Crew Operating Manual, FCOM By the end of this course, you will know: What kind of information you can get in the AIRBUS documentation, Where to find this information, How to use the information. More particularly, you will know: How to determine the Max. TOW and the corresponding speeds, How to determine the "Flexible Temperature" (or assumed temperature), How to determine the landing distance and approach speed, How to determine the aircraft loading & balance How to perform In Flight calculation (Flight planning, level off altitude, holding ). DATE: NOV 2011 Page 4 ZFCP117

11 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) COURSE CONTENTS 1.3. FCOM and QRH acronyms GEN : General Information DSC : Description PRO : Procedures ABN : Abnormal and Emergency Procedures NOR : Normal Procedures SOP : Standard Operating Procedures SRP : Systems Related Procedures SPO : Special Operations SUP : Supplementary Procedures NP : Normal Procedures NCL : Normal Checklist LIM : Limitations OEB : Operations Engineering Bulletins FCB : Flight Crew bulletins PER : Performance LOD : Loading OPD : Operating Data THR : Thrust Ratings TOF : Takeoff FPL : Flight Planning CLB : Climb CRZ : Cruise HLD : Holding DES : Descent GOA : Go-Around LDG : Landing OEI : One Engine Inoperative TDU : Temporary Documentary Unit FPE : In Flight Performance SPD : Speeds IFL : In-Flight Landing OEI : One Engine Inoperative AEO : All Engines Operative CAB : Flight Without Cabin Pressurization OPD : Operating Data OPS : Operational Data OEBPROC : Operations Engineering Bulletins SOH : Summary Of Highlights LOM : List Of Modifications LEDU : List of Effective DU DATE: NOV 2011 Page 5 ZFCP117

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13 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS 2. OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS CONTENTS: 2.1. Computerized Flight Planning Paris/Cairo/Louxor Paris Orly Airport Chart Cairo Airport Chart DATE: NOV 2011 Page 7 ZFCP127

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15 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS 2.1. Computerized Flight Planning Paris/Cairo/Louxor DATE: NOV 2011 Page 9 ZFCP127

16 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS 2.1. Paris Orly Airport Chart DATE: NOV 2011 Page 10 ZFCP127

17 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) OPERATIONS DOCUMENTS 2.2. Cairo Airport Chart DATE: NOV 2011 Page 11 ZFCP127

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19 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PROCEDURE EXTRACTS 3. FCOM PROCEDURE EXTRACTS CONTENTS: 3.1. Supplementary Procedures DATE: NOV 2011 Page 13 ZFPC137

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21 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PROCEDURE EXTRACTS 3.1. Supplementary Procedures DATE: NOV 2011 Page 15 ZFPC137

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27 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS 4. FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS CONTENTS: 4.1. Weight and Center of Gravity Limits Environmental Envelope and Airport Operations Speed Limitations DATE: NOV 2011 Page 21 ZFPC147

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29 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS 4.1. Weight and Center of Gravity Limits DATE: NOV 2011 Page 23 ZFPC147

30 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS 4.2. Environmental Envelope and Airport Operations DATE: NOV 2011 Page 24 ZFPC147

31 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 25 ZFPC147

32 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS 4.3. Speed Limitations DATE: NOV 2011 Page 26 ZFPC147

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34 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 28 ZFPC147

35 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 29 ZFPC147

36 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 30 ZFPC147

37 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM LIMITATION EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 31 ZFPC147

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39 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS 5. FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS CONTENTS: 5.1. Operating Data Takeoff Flight Planning Go-Around Landing One Engine Inoperative DATE: NOV 2011 Page 33 ZFPC157

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41 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS 5.1. Operating Data DATE: NOV 2011 Page 35 ZFPC157

42 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 36 ZFPC157

43 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS 5.2. Takeoff DATE: NOV 2011 Page 37 ZFPC157

44 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 38 ZFPC157

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50 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS 5.3. Flight Planning DATE: NOV 2011 Page 44 ZFPC157

51 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 45 ZFPC157

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53 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 47 ZFPC157

54 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS 5.4. Go-Around DATE: NOV 2011 Page 48 ZFPC157

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57 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS 5.5. Landing DATE: NOV 2011 Page 51 ZFPC157

58 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 52 ZFPC157

59 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS 5.6. One Engine Inoperative DATE: NOV 2011 Page 53 ZFPC157

60 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) FCOM PERFORMANCE EXTRACTS DATE: NOV 2011 Page 54 ZFPC157

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65 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) QRH EXTRACTS 6. QRH EXTRACTS CONTENTS: 6.1. Abnormal and Emergency Procedures In Flight Performance DATE: NOV 2011 Page 59 ZFCP167

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67 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) QRH EXTRACTS 6.1. Abnormal and Emergency Procedures DATE: NOV 2011 Page 61 ZFCP167

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76 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) QRH EXTRACTS 6.2. In Flight Performance DATE: NOV 2011 Page 70 ZFCP167

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81 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES 7. GUIDED EXAMPLES CONTENTS: 7.1. Takeoff Exercices Exercise 1: MTOW Exercise 2: Flex Takeoff Exercise 3: Contaminated Runway Takeoff Exercise 4: Takeoff with an Additional Obstacle Exercise 5: Takeoff with an Inoperative Item Exercise 6: Takeoff Shift Weight & Balance Exercises Exercise 1 : Detailed entry Exercise 2: Last minute change Exercise 3: Reduced entry mode Exercise 4 : Misc Load Exercise 5 : Load check In-Flight Exercises Exercise 1: Climb Exercise 2: Cruise Exercise 3: Descent all engines Exercise 4: Descent one engine out Exercise 5: Holding Exercise 6: Flight Planning Landing Exercises Exercise 1: Dispatch Exercise 2: In-Flight Exercise 3: CAT II Exercise 4: Inop Item Exercise 5: DUAL HYD FAILURE Paper Exercises Landing Distance in Normal Configuration Landing Distance in Abnormal Configuration DATE: NOV 2011 Page 75 ZFCP177

82 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Landing Distance in Abnormal Configuration Landing Distance in Abnormal Configuration DATE: NOV 2011 Page 76 ZFCP177

83 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Maximum Takeoff Weight due to limiting Landing Weight at destination MTOW is the lowest of Maximum Takeoff Weight due to limiting Go Around Weight at destination Limiting performance Takeoff Weight (obtained with Regulated Takeoff Weight Charts Use of RTLOW Charts DATE: NOV 2011 Page 77 ZFCP177

84 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES 7.1. Takeoff Exercices Exercise 1: MTOW Please be aware that the screen numerical results given as only examples. On the entry screen of the LPC tool, choose an A320 model (A ) and serial number (SIM320CM) Enter a flight number and your departure Paris-Orly (LFPO) and destination Cairo (HECA). Determine the MTOW, corresponding speeds and optimum configuration. Takeoff runway Orly 02 WIND 080/15 kt TEMP 13 C QNH 995 hpa Runway condition: dry Aircraft status No anti-ice, Max certified weight: 73.5 t, CG standard, Air Cond ON No inop item. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 78 ZFCP177

85 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Step 1 Select the T.O PERF module. Step 2 In the Takeoff PERF module, enter the runway. Step 3 Enter the conditions listed above. Step 4 Check OPT CONF. Step 6 Launch the computation (F8 key). Answer: MTOW =... V1 =... VR =... V2 =... CONF =... TFlex =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 79 ZFCP177

86 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 2: Flex Takeoff Determine the FLEX, corresponding speeds and optimum configuration. Takeoff runway Orly 08 WIND 060/12-20 kt TEMP 13 C QNH 995 hpa Runway condition: dry Aircraft status No anti-ice, Max certified weight: 73.5 t, CG standard, Air Cond ON No inop item. Answer TFlex =... V1 =... VR =... V2 =... OPT CONF =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 80 ZFCP177

87 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 3: Contaminated Runway Takeoff Determine the MTOW, corresponding speeds and optimum configuration. Takeoff runway Orly 08 WIND 020/10-20 kt TEMP -4 C QNH 1002 hpa Runway condition : 11 mm slush Aircraft status Total anti-ice On, Max certified weight: 73.5 t, CG standard, Air Cond ON No inop item. Answer MTOW =... V1 =... VR =... V2 =... OPT CONF =... TFlex =... TIP1: No Flex on contaminated runways. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 81 ZFCP177

88 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 4: Takeoff with an Additional Obstacle Determine the FLEX, corresponding speeds and optimum configuration. Takeoff runway Orly 08 WIND 090/12 kt TEMP 6 C QNH 1018 hpa Runway condition: dry Aircraft status No anti-ice, TOW: 71.8 t, CG standard, Air Cond ON No inop item. NOTAM LFPO: OBSTACLE ERECTED. OBST: CRANE ERECTED PSN: AT 1120 M FROM THR 26 AND 100 M FROM AXIS OF RWY. HEIGHT: 200 FT ALT ON TOP: 482 FT. Answer MTOW =... V1 =... VR =... V2 =... OPT CONF =... TFlex =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 82 ZFCP177

89 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 5: Takeoff with an Inoperative Item Determine the FLEX, corresponding speeds and optimum configuration. Takeoff runway Orly 08 WIND 040/5 kt TEMP 11 C QNH 995 hpa Runway condition: dry Aircraft status No anti-ice, Max certified weight: 73.5 t, CG standard, Air Cond ON One brake inop. Answer MTOW =... V1 =... VR =... V2 =... OPT CONF =... TFlex =... TIP: Note the inoperative item is mentioned in red. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 83 ZFCP177

90 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 6: Takeoff Shift With the same conditions than in the previous exercise, can you Takeoff from the intermediate point, where you loose 820 m of Takeoff length at runway start. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 84 ZFCP177

91 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES 7.2. Weight & Balance Exercises Exercise 1 : Detailed entry Determine the ZFW, ZFCG, TOW, TOCG, LW, LDCG, T.O. THS Flight from Paris Orly (LFPO) to Cairo (HECA). CONFIG: SCHEDULED ENTRY MODE: DETAILED CREW 2/4 CATERING 75% PAX MISC: NONE MTOW 73.5 T MLW 64.5 T PAX : 144/4/2 CARGO : 3800 kg FOB : 9.8 T TRIP FUEL : 6.4 T TAXI FUEL: STD DENSITY: No INOP items Total going to HECA AIRCRAFT LOADING CONDITION Passengers 144 adults, 4 children, 2 infant Total going to HECA Freight kg Distribution OA 11 OB 72 OC 67 Distribution CP1 CP3 CP4 CP kg kg kg 300 kg Step 1 Select the weight & balance module. Step 2 Select your cabin configuration. (F3 key) Step 3 Enter your loading. (F4 key) Step 4 Distribute the load in the cargo compartments ((F2 key). Step 6 Launch the computation (F8 key). Answer ZFW =... ZFCG =... TOW =... TOCG =... LW =... LDCG =... T.O. THS =... Check that these values are within the approved envelopes. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 85 ZFCP177

92 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 2: Last minute change Determine the ZFW, ZFCG, TOW, TOCG, LW, LDCG, T.O. THS following a last minute change. Using the same data as in the previous exercise, can you accept 3 additional adult passengers in cabin OC and 3 pieces (80 kg) of luggage in Cargo 5? Step 1 Select ENTRY MODE: REDUCED Step 2 Enter the additional passengers (3). Step 3 Enter the additional cargo in Cargo 5 (80). Check no overload. Step 4 Launch the computation (F8 key) Answer ZFW =... ZFCG =... TOW =... TOCG =... LW =... LDCG =... T.O. THS =... These values being within the approved envelopes, we can accept the passengers. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 86 ZFCP177

93 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 3: Reduced entry mode Determine the TOW, TOCG, LW, LDCG, T.O. THS Flight from Paris Orly (LFPO) to Cairo (HECA). CONFIG: SCHEDULED ENTRY MODE: REDUCED MTOW 73.5 T MLW 64.5 T ZFW: 58.3 T ZFCG: 36.4 T FOB : 11.3 T TRIP FUEL : 8.8 T TAXI FUEL: 0.5 T DENSITY: No INOP items Step 1 Select ENTRY MODE: REDUCED Step 2 Enter your loading. (F4 key) Step 3 Launch the computation (F8 key) Answer ZFW =... ZFCG =... TOW =... TOCG =... LW =... LDCG =... T.O. THS =... Check that these values are within the approved envelopes. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 87 ZFCP177

94 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 4 : Misc Load Determine the ZFW, ZFCG, TOW, TOCG, LW, LDCG, T.O. THS Flight from Paris Orly (LFPO) to Cairo (HECA). CONFIG: CHARTER ENTRY MODE: DETAILED CREW: 2/6 CATERING: FULL PAX MISC: TOOL KIT AND SPARE TYRE MTOW 73.5 T MLW 64.5 T PAX : 155/7 CARGO : 3450 kg FOB : 13.3 T TRIP FUEL : 10.8 T TAXI FUEL: STD DENSITY: No INOP items AIRCRAFT LOADING CONDITION Passengers Freight Total going to HECA 155 adults, 7 children Total going to HECA kg Distribution OA 12 OB 78 OC 72 Distribution CP1 CP3 CP4 CP5 900 kg kg kg 150 kg Step 1 Select the weight & balance module. Step 2 Select your cabin configuration. (F3 key) Step 3 Enter your loading. (F4 key) Step 4 Distribute the load in the cargo compartments ((F2 key). Step 6 Launch the computation (F8 key). Answer ZFW =... ZFCG =... TOW =... TOCG =... LW =... LDCG =... T.O. THS =... Check that these values are within the approved envelopes. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 88 ZFCP177

95 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 5 : Load check Determine the ZFW, ZFCG, TOW, TOCG, LW, LDCG, T.O. THS Flight from Paris Orly (LFPO) to Cairo (HECA). CONFIG: SCHEDULED ENTRY MODE: DETAILED CREW 2/4 CATERING 75% PAX MISC: NONE MTOW 73.5 T MLW 64.5 T PAX : 138 CARGO : 4800 kg FOB : 11 T TRIP FUEL : 7.7 T TAXI FUEL: STD DENSITY: No INOP items AIRCRAFT LOADING CONDITION Passengers Freight Total going to HECA 138adults Total going to HECA kg Distribution OA 10 OB 66 OC 62 Distribution CP1 CP3 CP4 CP kg 800 kg kg kg Step 1 Select the weight & balance module. Step 2 Select your cabin configuration. (F3 key) Step 3 Enter your loading. (F4 key) Step 4 Distribute the load in the cargo compartments ((F2 key). Step 6 Launch the computation (F8 key). Answer ZFW =... ZFCG =... TOW =... TOCG =... LW =... LDCG =... T.O. THS =... Check that these values are within the approved envelopes. Do you accept this loading? DATE: NOV 2011 Page 89 ZFCP177

96 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES 7.3. In-Flight Exercises Exercise 1: Climb Find the time, fuel burn, distance to reach your CRZ altitude WIND HD5 TEMP D ISA +5 A-ICE: Off GW 72.6 Cg 33% AIR COND: LO Target ALT ft SCHEDULE: best rate of climb 2 ENG operative Thrust CL Fuel factor 0 No INOP items Step 1 Select the In-Flight perf module. Step 2 Select the CLB page. Step 3 Enter the conditions (F3 key). Step 4 Enter the climb data (F4 key). Step 5 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 6 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer TIME =... FUEL =... DIST =... TAS =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 90 ZFCP177

97 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 2: Cruise Find the fuel flow, specific range and optimum altitude. WIND TL3 TEMP SAT -46 A-ICE: Off GW 69.3 Cg 33% AIR COND: NORM ALT RULE RVSM ODD SPD TYPE: Fixed speed, M ENG operative Thrust CL Fuel factor 0 No INOP items Step 1 Select the CRZ page. Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key). Step 3 Enter the cruise data (F4 key). Step 4 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 5 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer FF =... SR =... OPTIMUM ALT =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 91 ZFCP177

98 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 3: Descent all engines Find the time, fuel burn, distance to reach your Target altitude WIND TL3 TEMP SAT -46 A-ICE: Off GW 52.9 Cg 33% AIR COND: NORM DES TYPE: STANDARD INIT ALT ft TRGT ALT 1500 ft SCHEDULE: FXD SPD, constraint 250 kt/10.000ft 2 ENG operative Thrust CL Fuel factor 0 No INOP items Step 1 Select the DES page. Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key). Step 3 Enter the descent data (F4 key). Step 4 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 5 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer TIME =... DIST =... FUEL =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 92 ZFCP177

99 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 4: Descent one engine out Find the DES TYPE and level off altitude. WIND HD10 TEMP DISA +12 A-ICE: Off GW 73.5 Cg 33% AIR COND: LO INIT ALT ft 1 ENG OUT Fuel factor 0 No INOP items MORA is ft Step 1 Select the DES page. Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key). Step 3 Enter the descent data (F4 key). Step 4 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 5 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer DES TYPE =... LEVEL OFF =... TIME =... DIST =... FUEL =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 93 ZFCP177

100 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 5: Holding Find the distance, fuel burn, speed and N1 for your holding. TEMP -1 C A-ICE Total GW 51.6 Cg 33% AIR COND: NORM ALT 4500 ft COMPUTATION TYPE: FUEL HOLDING TIME: 30 min STRATEGY: Straight line holding 2 ENG operative Thrust CL Fuel factor 0 L/G EXTENDED Step 1 Select the HLD page. Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key). Step 3 Enter the holding data (F4 key). Step 4 Enter the non standard aircraft system (F5 key). Step 5 Launch the computation (F8 key) Answer DIST =... FUEL BURN =... SPEED =... N 1 =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 94 ZFCP177

101 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 6: Flight Planning Find the trip fuel, time and air distance. WIND HD 10 TEMP DISA -5 A-ICE OFF INIT WGHT 71.4 Cg 33% AIR COND: NORM COMPUTATION TYPE: FLIGHT PLAN DIST: 2130 nm ALT RULE: CRZ ALT ft RVSM ODD SPD TYPE: LRC speed 2 ENG operative Fuel factor 0 No INOP items Step 1 Select the PLAN page. Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key). Step 3 Enter the holding data (F4 key). Step 4 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 5 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer TAXI + TRIP FUEL =... TIME =... AIR DIST =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 95 ZFCP177

102 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES 7.4. Landing Exercises Exercise 1: Dispatch For dispatch purposes determine the MLW, RLD and ALD. Landing runway Cairo 23L WIND 230/15 kt TEMP 25 C QNH 1008 hpa Runway condition: water 4 mm Aircraft status No anti-ice, MLW : 64.5 t Landing CG STANDARD, Landing CONF FULL, Air Cond ON, Approach type: normal, Landing technique: manual, No inop item. Step 1 Select the landing module. Step 2 Choose the airport and runway (F2 key). Step 3 Select the dispatch conditions (F3 key) Step 4 Enter the conditions. Step 5 Launch the computation.(f8 key) Step 6 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer MLW =... RLD =... ALD =... GA Gradient =... Compare the RLD with the available runway length. Note: a 15% margin is requested for FAA operators (ALD x 1.15 LDA), except in case of emergency. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 96 ZFCP177

103 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 2: In-Flight In flight, determine the ALD and GA gradient. Landing runway Cairo 23L WIND 210/14 kt TEMP 23 C QNH 1021 hpa Runway condition: dry Aircraft status No anti-ice, LW 58.9 T, Landing CG standard, Landing CONF FULL, Air Cond ON, Approach type: normal, VLS +5, Landing technique: manual, Braking mode: manual, No inop item. Step 1 Select the in-flight condition Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key) Step 3 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 4 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer ALD =... Compare the ALD with the available runway length. GA gradient =... VAPP is displayed on the MCDU PERF APPR page. Note: a 15% margin is requested for FAA operators (ALD x 1.15 LDA), except in case of emergency. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 97 ZFCP177

104 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 3: CAT II In flight, determine the ALD and GA Gradient. Landing runway Cairo 23L WIND 235/26 kt TEMP 20 C QNH 985 hpa Runway condition: water 11 mm Aircraft status No anti-ice, LW 60.3 T, Landing CG standard, Landing CONF FULL, Air Cond ON, Approach type: CAT II, VLS +5, Landing technique: manual, Braking mode: medium, No inop item. Step 1 Select the in-flight condition Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key) Step 3 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 4 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer ALD =... Compare the ALD with the available runway length. GA gradient =... VAPP is displayed on the MCDU PERF APPR page. Note: a 15% margin is requested for FAA operators (ALD x 1.15 LDA), except in case of emergency. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 98 ZFCP177

105 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 4: Inop Item In flight, determine the ALD. Landing runway Cairo 23R WIND 240/23 kt TEMP 27 C QNH 995 hpa Runway condition: water 6 mm Aircraft status No anti-ice, LW 59.4 T, Landing CG standard, Landing CONF FULL, Air Cond ON, Approach type: normal, GA gradient 2.1, VPilot 0, Landing technique: manual, Braking mode: manual, Inop item: BLEED DUAL BLEED FAULT Step 1 Select the in-flight condition Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key) Step 3 Enter the non standard aircraft system (F5 key). Step 4 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 5 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer ALD =... V APP =... Compare the ALD with the available runway length. (VREF +...) is only displayed in abnormal/emergency configuration. Note: a 15% margin is requested for FAA operators (ALD x 1.15 LDA), except in case of emergency. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 99 ZFCP177

106 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise 5: DUAL HYD FAILURE In flight, determine the ALD. Landing runway Cairo 23R WIND 240/9 kt TEMP 31 C QNH 1002 hpa Runway condition: dry Aircraft status No anti-ice, LW 61.1 T, Landing CG standard, Landing CONF FULL, Air Cond ON, Approach type: normal, GA gradient 2.1, VPilot 0, Landing technique: manual, Braking mode: manual, Inop item: G+Y HYD LO PR. Step 1 Select the in-flight condition Step 2 Enter the conditions (F3 key) Step 3 Enter the non standard aircraft system (F5 key). Step 4 Launch the computation (F8 key) Step 5 Check the detailed results (F10). Answer ALD =... V APP =... Compare the ALD with the available runway length. (VREF +...) is only displayed in abnormal/emergency configuration. Note: a 15% margin is requested for FAA operators (ALD x 1.15 LDA), except in case of emergency. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 100 ZFCP177

107 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES 7.5. Paper Exercises Landing Distance in Normal Configuration Determine V APP and Actual Landing Distance DATA Aircraft CONF: FULL Conditions : Dry runway status Gross weight: 62 t Landing elevation 1000 ft CG 25% Wind calm A/THR on Step 1 - Determine V APP, refer to QRH FPE-IFL 1/4 Enter gross weight 62 t Intrepolate VLS conf full: 132 kt Apply 5 kt correction for A/THR Read V APP = = 137 kt Step 2 Determine Actual Landing Distance, refer to landing distance without autobrake CONF FULL QRH FPE-IFL 3/4 Enter DRY runway condition and landing weight 62 t Read actual landing distance: 840 m at sea level Step 3 - Apply corrections Landing elevation 1000 ft : 1.03 Speed increment (A/THR): x 1.03 x 1.08 = 935 m Check available runway length at destination: 3300 m Answer V APP = 137 kt Landing distance = 935 m JAA: ALD LDA 935 m 3300 m: Yes FAA: ALD x 1.15 LDA 935 x 1.15 = 1076 m 3300 m: Yes DATE: NOV 2011 Page 101 ZFCP177

108 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Landing Distance in Abnormal Configuration 1 Determine V APP and Actual Landing Distance DATA Aircraft CONF: 3 Conditions : Dry runway status Gross weight: 60 t Landing elevation 1000 ft CG 25% Wind 12 kt Ice accretion REV 1 INOP at dispatch A/THR on ELEC DC BUS 2 FAULT Step 1 - Refer to landing distance on dry runways following failures QRH Enter the failure: ELEC DC BUS 2 FAULT - Choose the FLAP position for landing. See note (b) at the bottom of the page. For this exercise use CONF 3. - Check reversers status. See note (c) at the bottom of the page. In this exercise, use DRY WITHOUT REV. - Read the corresponding elements for FLAPS CONF 3: ΔV REF APPR speed increment, LDG DIST factor without REV Step 2 Refer V APP calculation in the case of an abnormal/emergency configuration QRH Enter gross weight 60 t Read VLS conf full: 130 kt Apply 6 kt ΔV REF correction (QRH 80.16) Apply 5 kt correction for ice accretion Apply 5 kt CONF3 correction Note: the correction is for A/THR use OR ice accretion. i.e. apply it ONLY once when A/THR is used and there is ice accretion. Check that APPR correction + ΔV REF are lower than 20 kt. Read V APP = = 146 kt Step 3 - Refer to landing distance without autobrake CONF FULL QRH FRE-IFL 3/4 Enter DRY runway condition and landing weight 60 t Interpolate Actual Landing Distance: 820 m at sea level Step 4 - Apply landing distance corrections Landing elevation 1000 ft = 3%: 1.03 (QRH FRE-IFL 3/4) Landing distance factor due to the failure: 1.35 (QRH 80.16) Additional factor for 5kt speed increase (ice accretion): 1.20 (QRH 80.14) 820 x 1.03 x 1.35 x 1.20 = 1369 m Check available runway length at destination: 3300 m DATE: NOV 2011 Page 102 ZFCP177

109 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Answer V APP = 146 kt Landing distance = 1369 m JAA: ALD LDA 1369 m 3300 m: Yes FAA: ALD x 1.15 LDA 1369 x 1.15 = 1574 m 3300 m: Yes DATE: NOV 2011 Page 103 ZFCP177

110 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Landing Distance in Abnormal Configuration 2 Determine V APP and Actual Landing Distance DATA Aircraft CONF: FULL Conditions : Wet runway status Gross weight: 56 t Landing elevation 1000 ft CG < 25% Wind calm Ice accretion With REV A/THR on ENG SHUT DOWN Step 1 - Refer to landing performance on wet runways following failures QRH 80.17A - Enter the failure: ENG SHUT DOWN - Choose the FLAP position for landing. See note (b) at the bottom of the page. For this exercise it will be CONF FULL. - Read the corresponding elements for FLAPS CONF FULL: ΔV REF APPR speed increment, LDG DIST factor with REV Step 2 Refer V APP calculation in the case of an abnormal/emergency configuration QRH Enter gross weight 56 t Read VLS conf full: 127 kt Apply 16 kt ΔV REF correction (QRH 80.17A) No approach correction as wind is calm Check that ΔV REF + APPR correction are lower than 20 kt. Read V APP = = 143 kt Step 3 - Refer to landing distance without autobrake CONF FULL QRH FAE-IFL 3/4 Enter WET runway condition and landing weight 56 t Interpolate the Actual Landing Distance: 1075 m at sea level Step 4 - Apply landing distance corrections Landing elevation 1000 ft = 3%: 1.03 (QRH FAE-IFL 3/4) FWD CG factor = 3% : 1.03 (QRH FAE-IFL 3/4) Landing distance factor due to the failure: 1.25 (QRH 80.17A) 1075 x 1.03 x 1.03 x 1.25 = 1426 m Check available runway length at destination: 3300 m DATE: NOV 2011 Page 104 ZFCP177

111 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Answer V APP = 143 kt Landing distance = 1426 m JAA: ALD LDA 1426 m 3300 m: Yes FAA: ALD x 1.15 LDA 1426 x 1.15 = 1640 m 3300 m: Yes DATE: NOV 2011 Page 105 ZFCP177

112 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Landing Distance in Abnormal Configuration 3 Determine V APP and Actual Landing Distance DATA Aircraft CONF 3 Conditions: Standing water on runway status Gross weight: 60 t Landing elevation 500 ft CG 25% Wind 18 kt With REV A/THR on HYD B+Y SYS LO PR Step 1 - Refer to QRH Emergency procedures HYD B+Y SYS LO PR Enter landing weight 60 t Read V REF = VLS CONF FULL 130 kt Step 2 - Refer to landing performance on contaminated runways following failures QRH 80.18A Enter the failure: HYD B+Y SYS LO PR Read ΔV REF increment 6 kt Read the LDG DIST factor CONTA WITH REV: 1.80 Step 3 Refer V APP calculation in the case of an abnormal/emergency configuration QRH Enter gross weight 60 t Read VLS conf full: 130 kt Apply 6 kt ΔV REF correction (QRH 80.18A) Apply 6 kt APPRoach CORrection for headwind Check that ΔV REF + APPR correction are lower than 20 kt. Read V APP = = 142 kt Step 4 - Refer to landing distance without autobrake CONF FULL QRH FRE-IFL 3/4 Enter STANDING WATER runway condition and landing weight 60 t Interpolate actual landing distance: 1535 m at sea level Step 5 Apply corrections Landing elevation 1000 ft = 4%: 1.02 for 500 ft (QRH FRE-IFL 3/4) Landing distance factor due to the failure: 1.80 (QRH 80.18A) 1535 x 1.02 x 1.80 = 2819 m Check available runway length at destination: 3300 m DATE: NOV 2011 Page 106 ZFCP177

113 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Answer: V APP = 142 kt Landing distance = 2819 m JAA: ALD LDA 2819 m 3300 m: Yes FAA: ALD x 1.15 LDA 2819 x 1.15 = 3242 m 3300 m: Yes DATE: NOV 2011 Page 107 ZFCP177

114 A318/319/A320/A321 PERFORMANCE TRAINING MANUAL FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) GUIDED EXAMPLES Exercise DATA Aircraft status Gross weight: 64 t CG 25% REV 1 INOP at dispatch 1 FLAPS < 2, SLATS 1 Conditions: Runway dry Landing elevation 16 ft Wind 30kt LDA 2072 m Answer: V APP: 154 kt Actual Landing Distance: 1313 m CONF 3 JAA: ALD LDA 1313 m 2072 m: Yes FAA: ALD x 1.15 LDA 1313 x 1.15 = 1510 m 2027 m: Yes DATE: NOV 2011 Page 108 ZFCP177

115 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) LPC FINAL EXERCISE 8 LPC FINAL EXERCISE CONTENTS: 8.1. Exercise 1: MTOW Exercise 2: Dispatch Exercise 3: Weight & Balance Exercise 4: Flex Takeoff Exercise 5: Descent One Engine Out Exercise 6: Landing DATE: NOV 2011 Page 109 ZFCP187

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117 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) LPC FINAL EXERCISE On the entry screen of the LPC tool, choose an A320 model (A ) and serial number (SIM320CM) Enter a flight number and your departure Paris-Orly (LFPO) and destination Cairo (HECA) Exercise 1: MTOW Find the MTOW, speeds and optimum configuration. Takeoff runway Orly 24 WIND 250/9 kt TEMP -3 C QNH 988 hpa Runway condition: slush 6 mm Aircraft status Total anti-ice ON, Max certified weight: 73.5 t, CG standard, Air Cond ON MMEL entry: ground spoilers 2 pairs inoperative. Answer MTOW =... V1 =... VR =... V2 =... OPT CONF =... Note that the Takeoff weight is not performance limited. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 111 ZFCP187

118 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) LPC FINAL EXERCISE 8.2. Exercise 2: Dispatch For dispatch purposes, determine the MLW, RLD and ALD. Landing runway Cairo 16 WIND 140/5 kt TEMP 20 C QNH 998 hpa Runway condition: water 11 mm Aircraft status No anti-ice, Landing CG STANDARD, Landing CONF FULL, Air Cond ON, Approach type: normal, Landing technique: manual, MMEL entry: ground spoilers 2 pairs inoperative Answer MLW =... RLD =... ALD =... GA Gradient =... Compare the RLD with the available runway length. Note: a 15% margin is requested for FAA operators (ALD x 1.15 LDA), except in case of emergency. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 112 ZFCP187

119 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) LPC FINAL EXERCISE 8.3. Exercise 3: Weight & Balance Determine the ZFW, ZFCG, TOW, TOCG, LW, LDCG, T.O. THS Flight from Paris Orly (LFPO) to Cairo (HECA). CONFIG: SCHEDULED ENTRY MODE: DETAILED CREW 2/6 CATERING FULL PAX MISC: NONE MTOW 73.5 T MLW 64.5 T PAX : 134/7/0 CARGO : kg FOB : 13.2 T TRIP FUEL : 10.2 T TAXI FUEL: STD DENSITY: MMEL entry: ground spoilers 2 pairs inoperative AIRCRAFT LOADING CONDITION Passengers Freight Total going to HECA 134 adults, 7 children Total going to HECA kg Distribution OA 10 OB 68 OC 63 Distribution CP1 CP3 CP4 CP kg kg kg 800 kg Answer ZFW =... ZFCG =... TOW =... TOCG =... LW =... LDCG =... T.O. THS =... Check that these values are within the approved envelopes. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 113 ZFCP187

120 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) LPC FINAL EXERCISE 8.4. Exercise 4: Flex Takeoff Find the TFlex, speeds and optimum configuration. Takeoff runway Orly 08 WIND 060/12-20 kt TEMP 13 C QNH 995 hpa Runway condition: dry Aircraft status No anti-ice, CG standard, Air Cond ON MMEL entry: ground spoilers 2 pairs inoperative NOTE: TOW and CG position come automatically from Weight & Balance module. Answer TOW =... V1 =... VR =... V2 =... OPT CONF =... TFlex =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 114 ZFCP187

121 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) LPC FINAL EXERCISE 8.5. Exercise 5: Descent One Engine Out Find the DES TYPE and level off altitude. WIND TL30 TEMP DISA +3 C Anti-ice OFF GW 69.7 t Cg 33% AIR COND: LO INIT ALT ft 1 ENG OUT Fuel factor 0 MMEL entry: ground spoilers 2 pairs inoperative MORA is ft Answer DES TYPE =... LEVEL OFF =... TIME =... DIST =... FUEL =... DATE: NOV 2011 Page 115 ZFCP187

122 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG) LPC FINAL EXERCISE 8.6. Exercise 6: Landing In flight, determine the ALD and GA gradient. Landing runway Cairo 16 WIND 150/7 kt TEMP 23 C QNH 998 hpa Runway condition: water 6 mm Aircraft status No anti-ice, Landing CG standard, Landing CONF FULL, Air Cond ON, Approach type: normal, VLS +5, Landing technique: manual, Braking mode: manual, MMEL entry: ground spoilers 2 pairs inoperative NOTE: LW and CG position come automatically from loadsheet module. Answer ALD =... Compare the ALD with the available runway length. GA gradient =... VAPP is displayed on the MCDU PERF APPR page. Note: a 15% margin is requested for FAA operators (ALD x 1.15 LDA), except in case of emergency. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 116 ZFCP187

123 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG)) LPC WEIGHT & BALANCE REMINDER 9. LPC WEIGHT & BALANCE REMINDER CONTENTS: 9.1. CG Envelope DATE: NOV 2011 Page 117 ZFCP197

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125 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG)) LPC WEIGHT & BALANCE REMINDER 9.1. CG ENVELOPE Objectives Reminder W&B presentation Exercises A 320 DATE: NOV 2011 Page 119 ZFCP197

126 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG)) LPC WEIGHT & BALANCE REMINDER The mean aerodynamic chord (mac) is determined on the aircraft structure. It is defined according to its distance from the aircraft reference axes and the chord length. Mean aerodynamic chord DATE: NOV 2011 Page 120 ZFCP197

127 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG)) LPC WEIGHT & BALANCE REMINDER The CG position is expressed as a percentage of the mean aerodynamic chord. It must remain between a forward and an aft certified limit depending on the aircraft weight. Mean aerodynamic chord The CG position affects the takeoff performance capability of the aircraft. The CG position affects the stability and the maneuverability of the aircraft. The CG position affects fuel consumption. An aft CG reduces fuel consumption. x x x x Trim DATE: NOV 2011 Page 121 ZFCP197

128 FLIGHT CREW STANDARD PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG)) LPC WEIGHT & BALANCE REMINDER THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK DATE: NOV 2011 Page 122 ZFCP197

129 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 10. TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER CONTENTS: Limiting Speeds Limiting Speeds: V MCG Limiting Speeds: V MCA Limiting Speeds: V MU Operating Speeds: V 1, V R, V Operating Speeds: V Operating Speeds: V R Operating Speeds: V Limiting/Operating Speeds: Relative Positions Takeoff Lengths Runway: Stopway Clearway Takeoff Distance Available Takeoff Run Available Acceleration Stop Distance Available Takeoff Distances Takeoff Distances (TOD) Takeoff Run Distances (TOR) Accelerate Stop Distance (ASD) Association of Takeoff Distances and Lengths Line Up Allowances Takeoff Trajectory Runway Condition Factors of Influence Takeoff Optimization Runway Length: Other Limitations: Obstacles: Optimization DATE: NOV 2011 Page 123 ZFCP1107

130 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Engine Performance Principle Flexible Takeoff Derated Takeoff` DATE: NOV 2011 Page 124 ZFCP1107

131 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Limiting Speeds TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Limiting Speeds: V MCG Minimum Control speed on Ground from which a sudden failure of the critical engine can be controlled by use of primary flight controls only, the other engine remaining at Takeoff power. Engine Failure: torque due to remaining engine DATE: NOV 2011 Page 125 ZFCP1107

132 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER The pilot s action: recover control of the aircraft enable safe Takeoff continuation Determination of V MCG : lateral deviation under 30 ft DATE: NOV 2011 Page 126 ZFCP1107

133 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Limiting Speeds: V MCA Minimum Control speed in the Air at which aircraft can be controlled either: 5ºmax with a 5 0 maximum bank angle, or: with zero yaw. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 127 ZFCP1107

134 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Summary: Limiting speed: V MCA Definition: Minimum Control speed in the Air at which aircraft can be controlled either: with a 5 0 maximum bank angle, or with zero yaw.... in case of failure of one engine, the other engine remaining at Takeoff power. 5º max DATE: NOV 2011 Page 128 ZFCP1107

135 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Limiting Speeds: V MU Minimum Unstick speed is the lowest calibrated airspeed at and above which the aircraft can safely lift off the ground and continue the Takeoff without encountering critical conditions. What are these critical conditions? the necessary angle of attack is too great: the rear of the A/C can hit the ground. Insufficient lateral control, may cause engine or wing to hit the ground. Limiting speeds : V MU DATE: NOV 2011 Page 129 ZFCP1107

136 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Operating Speeds: V 1, V R, V Operating Speeds: V 1 Definition: Takeoff decision speed chosen by the applicant. V 1 is the speed limit at which the pilot can interrupt Takeoff in case of failure. If I am aware of a failure before V 1 I can... safely abort Takeoff V V 1 Speed DATE: NOV 2011 Page 130 ZFCP1107

137 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER If I am aware of a failure after V 1 I MUST follow on Takeoff 35 ft 1. From that point, I am sure to reach the TO limited height. V 1 V Speed If I am aware of a failure after V 1 I MUST follow on Takeoff 2. I am too fast to brake safely before the end of the stopway. Summary: Operating speed: V 1 Definition: Takeoff decision speed chosen by the applicant. V 1 is the speed limit at which the pilot can interrupt Takeoff in case of failure. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 131 ZFCP1107

138 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Operating Speeds: V R Definition: V R is the Rotation speed at which the aircraft is rotated for lift off Operating Speeds: V 2 Definition: V 2 : Takeoff climb speed. To be reached before the 35 ft Takeoff height above T.O.D. Maintained during 1 st and 2 nd segment, until the minimum acceleration height is reached (at least 400 ft) Limiting/Operating Speeds: Relative Positions 1.05 V MCA V R 1.1 V MCA 1.2 V S (or 1.13 V S1G ) V 2 V MCG V 1 35 ft (JAR geometric limitations) 1.08 V MU (AEO) 1.04 V MU (OEI) V LOF DATE: NOV 2011 Page 132 ZFCP1107

139 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Takeoff Lengths TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Runway: Rigid or flexible rectangular area made of concrete or asphalt used for Takeoff and landing Stopway Rectangular area beyond the Takeoff runway: Centered on the same (center)line, at least as wide as the runway, designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating the aircraft in case of aborted Takeoff Clearway 500 ft min 1.25% max Rectangular area beyond the runway, located on the same centerline, and under control of the airport authorities, featuring: Minimum width: 500 ft Slope < 1.25% DATE: NOV 2011 Page 133 ZFCP1107

140 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER No prominence except threshold lights ( if < 26 in above surface) ok (26 in max) not ok 500 ft min 1.25% max Takeoff Distance Available TODA It is the Runway + Clearway lengths. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 134 ZFCP1107

141 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Takeoff Run Available TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER TORA It is the Runway length only Acceleration Stop Distance Available ASDA It is the Runway + Stopway lengths. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 135 ZFCP1107

142 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Takeoff Distances Takeoff Distance (TOD) Takeoff Run (TOR) Acceleration Stop Distance (ASD) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Takeoff Distances (TOD) One Engine Inoperative All Engines Operating One Engine Inoperative TOD OEI = From BR to 35 ft V 2 V EF V 1 V R V LOF 35 ft TOD OEI All Engines Operating All Engines Operating + 15% V 2 V 1 V R V LOF 35 ft TOD AEO DATE: NOV 2011 Page 136 ZFCP1107

143 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Takeoff Run Distances (TOR) One Engine Inoperative All Engines Operating One Engine Inoperative TOR OEI = From BR to middle point between Vlof and 35 ft V 2 V EF V 1 V R V LOF 35 ft TOR OEI // // All Engines Operating All Engines Operating + 15% V 2 V 1 V R V LOF 35 ft // // TOR AEO DATE: NOV 2011 Page 137 ZFCP1107

144 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Accelerate Stop Distance (ASD) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER One Engine Inoperative at V EF One Engine Inoperative All engines operating Idle 2s V EF V =0 accelerate stop distance with one engine inoperative All Engines Operating All engines operating 2s Idle V 1 V = 0 accelerate stop distance with all engines operating Braking means: Wheel brakes, Spoilers, Reversers:. not on dry runways,. certified on wet runways,. mandatory on contaminated runways. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 138 ZFCP1107

145 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Association of Takeoff Distances and Lengths V 2 V=0 V 1 V R V LO RWY SWY 35 ft CWY TOR ASD TOD Line Up Allowances It is necessary to take into account the runway length decrease due to the line up. The calculation of TODA, ASDA and TORA do not take into account the aircraft line up on the runway considered for Takeoff. This line up distance depends on aircraft design and the access possibility on the runway. Two cases are studied, and in both cases, two distances are considered: 35 ft ASD available TOD available Runway length A Adjustment to Takeoff distance B Adjustment to accelerate stop distance DATE: NOV 2011 Page 139 ZFCP1107

146 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 90 runway entry aircraft minimum line up distance correction model TODA (m) ASDA (m) A Takeoff Distance (TOD) adjustment Accelerate Stop Distance (ASD) adjustment DATE: NOV 2011 Page 140 ZFCP1107

147 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 180 turnaround aircraft minimum line up distance correction model TODA (m) ASDA (m) A Takeoff Distance (TOD) adjustment Accelerate Stop Distance (ASD) adjustment DATE: NOV 2011 Page 141 ZFCP1107

148 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Takeoff Trajectory TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Minimum acceleration height: ft above the Takeoff surface (regulation) or, - Higher in case of obstacles. ONE ENGINE OUT TO dist. Gradient > 1.2% End 1500 ft Climb MINIMUM ACCELERATION HEIGHT 35 ft Gradient > 0% Gradient > 2.4% Green dot: best lift-to-drag ratio V1 Segments: final DATE: NOV 2011 Page 142 ZFCP1107

149 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Minimum acceleration height: altitude that can be achieved with one engine out and the other at Takeoff thrust for a maximum of 10 min. Green dot: best lift-to-drag ratio: 10 min after TO ONE ENGINE OUT TO dist. MAXIMUM ACCELERATION HEIGHT Climb Gradient > 2.4% 35 ft Gradient > 0% V1 Segments: DATE: NOV 2011 Page 143 ZFCP1107

150 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Runway Condition LPC List Box TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Runways Wet and Contaminated Runway : Wet Contaminated Water Slush Wet snow Dry snow Comp Snow < 3 mm < 2 mm < 4 mm < 15 mm 3-13 mm (½ ) 2-13 mm (½ ) 4-25 mm (1 ) mm (2 ) all DATE: NOV 2011 Page 144 ZFCP1107

151 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Factors of Influence TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Sustained parameters: Chosen parameters: Temperature, Pressure Altitude, Air bleed, Wind, Moisture, Runway condition. Flap setting, Decision speed V 1, V 2 / V s ratio. Wind and Moisture: Effect on TO distances (TOD, TOR, ASD): Headwind air speed Headwind wind Headwind shortens TO distances ground speed Only 50% must be taken into account, according to regulation. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 145 ZFCP1107

152 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Tailwind Tailwind air speed wind Tailwind increases TO distances Regulation prescribes that 150% should be taken into account. ground speed Regulation Changes on Wet and Contaminated Runways Performance depends on the depth of the contaminant. Wet and contaminated runways. All Engines Operating TOD, TOR, and ASD, are the same, whatever the runway condition. One Engine Inoperative: TOD, TOR are different. TOD: screen height = 15 ft TOR: It ends at V LOF 15 ft TOR OEI 35 ft // // TOR OEI DATE: NOV 2011 Page 146 ZFCP1107

153 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Runway Slope It mustn't exceed ± 2% Positive slope increases TO distances ± 2% Negative slope decreases TO distances Flap Setting Flaps increase lift... TO distances are reduced. C L Flaps increase drag... TO gradient decreases. C D C L C D Takeoff configurations on Airbus family: TO distances are reduced TO gradient decreases Conf 1+F Conf 2 Conf 3 DATE: NOV 2011 Page 147 ZFCP1107

154 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Decision Speed V1 The most penalizing conditions are taken into account: the failure ( V EF ) occurs 1 second before V 1. Long TOD V EF V 1 V R V LOF 35 ft Short ASD Low V 1 implies short acceleration with All Engines Operating. Short TOD V EF V 1 V R V LOF 35 ft Long ASD High V 1 means long acceleration with All Engines Operating. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 148 ZFCP1107

155 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER V 2 / Vs Ratio Being limited by V S, V 2 is set through the V 2 /V S ratio. V 2 is the speed required when reaching 35 ft height. V 2 is determined by V R, as no TO parameters can be changed after lift off: high V 2 high V R High V 2 / V S V 2 /V S influence: High ratio long TOD high 2 nd segment slope Low ratio short TOD low 2 nd segment slope Long TOD V EF 35 ft V 1 V R V LOF High second segment gradient DATE: NOV 2011 Page 149 ZFCP1107

156 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Takeoff Optimization TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Runway Length: ASD ASD 1 E/O ASDA, and ASD all engines ASDA TOD TOD 1 E/O TODA, and TOD all engines TODA TOR TOR 1 E/O TORA, and TOR all engines TORA Other Limitations: speeds, 1 st segment gradient (> 0%), 2 nd segment gradient (> 2.4%), brake energy, obstacle, tire speed, final Takeoff (> 1.2%). DATE: NOV 2011 Page 150 ZFCP1107

157 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Obstacles: To avoid an obstacle, you have different possibilities: TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER 2.4% Gross trajectory 0.8% Net trajectory 35 ft TOD ASD Climb grad Flaps increases increases increases TO Weight decreases decreases increases V1 decreases increases no change V2 increases no change increases DATE: NOV 2011 Page 151 ZFCP1107

158 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Optimization TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Limitations for given: runway, wind, temperature, pressure, flaps setting, V2/Vs ratio. At a given V2/Vs ratio, we have an optimum weight. Just explore all the range of V2/Vs to have the MTOW. V2/Vs = nd Optimum weight TOD Obstacle ASD DATE: NOV 2011 Page 152 ZFCP1107

159 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Engine Performance TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Principle weight You need less Thrust When your Actual Takeoff Weight is lower than the Maximum Takeoff Weight, you can perform a Takeoff with less than the max Takeoff thrust. This thrust reduction improves engine life and reduces maintenance costs. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 153 ZFCP1107

160 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Which part of the aircraft is concerned? engine aerodynamics Reminder about engines and thrust Trust levers Thrust variation with OAT Thrust EGT limit Tref OAT DATE: NOV 2011 Page 154 ZFCP1107

161 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Trust levers Power Five positions on Airbus aircraft: TOGA: Takeoff - Go Around Maximum thrust available. Its use can t exceed 10 min. MCT: Maximum Continuous Thrust FLX: Flex TO Thrust... Maximum thrust for long use. CL: Climb Thrust. Idle: No power. Max reverse. Thrust variation with OAT Weight Thrust N1 EGT limit Tref OAT DATE: NOV 2011 Page 155 ZFCP1107

162 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) Flexible Takeoff Flex Temperature Weight Thrust TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Thrust reduction must not exceed 25%, to quickly recover full available TOGA thrust if necessary. Max TOW Available Thrust Flat rated Thrust Actual TOW Needed Thrust EGT Limit 25% reduction max T Flex max OAT Tref Flex Temp Flex Takeoff: what for? Takeoff without using full thrust reduces: the probability of a failure (safety aspect), the engine deterioration rate and associated maintenance costs (economic aspect). Flex Takeoff: The pilot types the Flex. Temp. in the MCDU: Setting thrust levers on FLX will provide the necessary thrust for Takeoff. OAT DATE: NOV 2011 Page 156 ZFCP1107

163 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Derated Takeoff` Short runway: TOGA is used & V1 min is high V2 V1=VMCG VR 35ft ACC STOP This is due to excess of thrust The present Takeoff weight is V MCG limited, because of a short ASD and a high V 1 min. We can observe a large excess of thrust after lift off. This excess of performance (thrust) is penalizing on ground and not necessary after lift off. V1=VMCG VR 35ft ACC STOP If, for the same TO weight, the maximum TO thrust is reduced or derated by a given percentage of X%, the associated VMCG is decreased. Consequently: V1 may be reduced, ACC/STOP distance is decreased accordingly, climb out performance may still be met. Thus derated Takeoff may allow to increase TO DATE: NOV 2011 Page 157 ZFCP1107

164 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER The Derated TO thrust is therefore to be considered as the maximum TO thrust rating available for a given Takeoff. It determines the new VMCG and the new VMCA applicable during that Takeoff. The use of Derated Takeoff thrust: increases payloads when operating on: - short runways, - contaminated runways. also saves engine life. Each derate level is certified and is associated to a new set of performance data Certified Certified Certified Certified Certified Certified -4% -8% -12% -16% -20% -24% engine engine engine engine engine engine DATE: NOV 2011 Page 158 ZFCP1107

165 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER Principle TOGA Thrust Advantages of derated Takeoff : significant reduction of engine stress (like Flex TO), decreasing TOGA will also decrease V MCG, and the available value of V 1, which enables short TO, allowed on contaminated Runways. Max. thrust available OAT ( C) level of derate available: 4%,8%,12%,16%,20%,24%.! The original TOGA will never be available during TO. Flexible thrust Derated thrust Thrust level is less than TOGA Performance for a flex Takeoff is computed by adjusting the max Takeoff thrust performance. At any moment it is possible to recover TOGA. Thrust setting parameters for flex Takeoff are not considered as Takeoff operating limits. Flex Takeoff cannot be performed on contaminated runways. Thrust level is less than TOGA A new set of performance data is provided in the Flight Manual for each derate level. TOGA selection is not possible during Takeoff. Thrust setting parameters are considered as an operating limit for Takeoff. Derated Takeoff is allowed on contaminated runways. DATE: NOV 2011 Page 159 ZFCP1107

166 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC - NG.) TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE REMINDER THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK DATE: NOV 2011 Page 160 ZFCP1107

167 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER 11. LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER CONTENTS: Definitions Landing Distance Available Actual landing distance Required Landing Distance Dispach Requirements Required Landing Distance In Flight Requirements Actual Landing Distance DATE: NOV 2011 Page 161 ZFCP1117

168 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER Definitions Landing Distance Available LDA = Landing Distance Available LDA TORA Note: Stopway is not used for landing calculations LDA LDA Displaced Threshold DATE: NOV 2011 Page 162 ZFCP1117

169 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER Actual landing distance Braking means : - Brakes - Spoilers - Antiskid - Reversers (except on dry runway) 50 ft GS = 0 kt ALD The Actual Landing Distance (ALD) is the distance required to land and bring the aircraft to a complete stop from a height of 50 ft above the runway DATE: NOV 2011 Page 163 ZFCP1117

170 FLIGHT CREW PERFORMANCE COURSE (LPC NG) LANDING PERFORMANCE REMINDER V APP = 1.23 Vs1g 50 ft GS = 0 kt ALD Actual Landing Distances are demonstrated during flight tests Maximum braking is assumed from the touchdown Actual Landing Distance: factors of influence Landing distance calculation is made for : - ISA temperature - slope = 0% - standard QNH - landing weight (LW) - wind - airport elevation DATE: NOV 2011 Page 164 ZFCP1117