Planning. In preparing for battle I have always found that plans are useless, but planning is indispensable. Dwight D. Eisenhower

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1 Planning In preparing for battle I have always found that plans are useless, but planning is indispensable. Dwight D. Eisenhower Adventure is just bad planning. Roald Amundsen, Norwegian Explorer Failure to prepare is preparing to fail. John Wooden, Basketball Coach

2 Presentation Outline Role of Planning at Airports Today Historical Perspective Guidance ICAO and FAA Typical Planning Activities and Processes - Strategic Planning - System Planning - Master Planning - Project-Related Planning - Community Planning

3 The Dream: Stable Progressive Growth Orderly, Systematic Process Established Parametrics for Facility Needs Full Coordination with Stakeholders and Public Ability to Define and Package a 5-year Development Program Simple, Full Integration with NEPA Requirements

4 The Reality: Decision-Making in Dynamic Environment Growth FAA NextGen Planning for 2 to 3 times increase in Air Traffic, but where will it occur? Impacts on Individual Airports Subject to Airlines Decisions Uncertainties Airports as a Business -- Economic Efficiencies and Making the Business Case Integration of New Technologies Customer Service Expectations Sustainability Integration with NEPA and other Environmental Challenges

5 Enter the Planner Jacks of all trades Requires broad knowledge of aviation to help airport management and FAA to make decisions - Passenger, Cargo, General Aviation, Roads, and Support Facilities Often viewed as visionaries and asked to make predictions anticipating the future. Frequently on leading edge of airport development and on bleeding edge of politics.

6 Visionary? Predictions Prediction is very difficult, especially if it's about the future. Niels Bohr The future, according to some scientists, will be exactly like the past, only far more expensive. John Sladek The future ain't what it used to be. Yogi Berra There are many methods for predicting the future. For example, you can read horoscopes, tea leaves, tarot cards, or crystal balls. Collectively, these methods are known as "nutty methods." Or you can put well-researched facts into sophisticated computer models, more commonly referred to as "a complete waste of time. Scott Adams Trying to predict the future is like trying to drive down a country road at night with no lights while looking out the back window. Peter F. Drucker

7 Strategic Planning Airspace Planning Typical Planning Assignments: Its not just Master Planning Airfield Marking and Signing Plans Aircraft Gate Planning Facility Planning Environmental Planning NEPA, Air Quality Conformity,etc. Land Use Compatibility and Airport Revenue Development Planning Transportation Planning Contingency and Safety Management System Planning Financial Planning and Benefit Cost Analyses Others GIS, ealp and Sustainability Plans

8 Airport Planning Today Dynamic Environment Airlines/Aircraft Operators Airports Modernization and Technology Ingredients for Good Planning: Have a toolbox with good analytical tools and guidance Be efficient Collaborate early and often with all stakeholders Be creative Be a good listener and communicator

9 The Next 2½ Days State of the Art for the Planner s World New Approaches and New Tools Improved Decision-Making Evolving Considerations Integration of Planning and NEPA processes Group Exercises on Case Studies o Denver International Airport o Houston Ellington Field

10 A Historical Perspective Chicago-Midway 1927 New York-LaGuardia 1939

11 A Historical Perspective Long Beach Airport Opened 1925, Terminal 1941

12 A Historical Perspective CAA Doolittle Commission 1952 Modernized Geometric Criteria and Compatibility FAA 1958 FAAP Program Things Changed in 1969 and 1970 National Environmental Policy Act Airport Development Aid Program

13 A Historical Perspective

14 Guidance and Standards International Standards and Recommended Practices United States Regulations and Standards Untied States is a Contracting State

15 ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) A Standard is any specification whose application is recognized as necessary for safety or regularity of international air navigation and to which Contracting States will conform A Recommended Practice is any specification whose uniform application is recognized as desirable for the safety, regularity or efficiency of international air navigation. The rights of Contracting States (i.e.; countries) are fully respected with no discrimination.

16 1. Personnel Licensing 2. Rules of the Air 3. Meteorological Services for Int l Air Navigation 4. Aeronautical Charts 5. Units of Measurement Used in Air and Ground Ops. 6. Operation of Aircraft 7. Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks 8. Airworthiness of Aircraft 9. Facilitation ICAO SARPs Annexes 10. Aeronautical Communications 11. Air Traffic Services 12. Search and Rescue 13. Aircraft Accident Investigation 14. Aerodromes 15. Aeronautical Information Services 16. Environmental Protection 17. Security 18. Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air

17 ICAO Aerodromes Guidance Annex 14 two volumes: Vol. l Aerodrome Design and Operations Vol. ll Heliports Manuals Guidance and information to facilitate uniform application of SARPs. They include: Airport Planning (includes Master Planning, Land-Use and Environmental Control and Consultant /Construction Services) Aerodrome Design Airport Services (includes rescue and fire fighting, bird control, control, maintenance practices, etc.) Heliport Manual Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems Aerodrome Certification obstacle

18 Changes to ICAO Guidance Accomplished through an extended process: Steps from Working Groups and Panels with Final Technical Approval by Air Navigation Commission and Adoption by the ICAO Council ICAO Secretariat has relatively small staff mainly administrative. Working Groups and Panels made up of representatives from various contracting states and (generally as observers ) international organizations FAA is U.S. Representative ACI has observer status

19 FAA Responsibilities Regulation of civil aviation to promote safety Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation Regulating commercial space transportation

20 FAA Organization ATO FAA Administrator Air Traffic Organization Operations Supported by 3 Regional Service Centers Strategy and Performance Finance NextGen and Operations Planning Office of Safety Includes the functions of : Air Traffic Service Airway Facilities Flight Standards

21 FAA Organization Other Offices and Divisions FAA Administrator Associate Administrators Administrative Offices Civil Rights, Chief Council, Government Affairs Human Resources, Communications, etc. Aviation Policy, Planning and Environment Information Services Airports Commercial Space Transportation Safety Regions and Center Operations

22 FAA Organization Airports Headquarters Offices: Office of Associate Administrator for Airports Office of Airport Planning and Programming Airports Financial Assistance Division Planning and Environmental Division Office of Airport Safety and Standards Airport Engineering Division Airport Safety and Operations Division Office of Airport Compliance and Field Operations Airport Compliance Division 9 Regional Airports Offices 21 Airports District Offices

23 FAA Regulation and Control Certification Airmen (Pilots, Mechanics, Dispatchers) Airlines and Other Aircraft Operators Airports Repair Stations Approved Equipment Requirements under Federal Grant Assurances Private Sector Requirements often based on FAA approval and Certification for example, insurance

24 Major Sources of FAA Guidance Rules and Regulations in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations requires process of Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) and other timely federal public notices and announcements Parts 77 (Obstacles) and Part 139 (Certification) and Part 150 (Noise Compatibility) are key Regulations for airports FAA Orders and Notices Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives Handbooks and Manuals

25 Key FAA Orders for Airport Planning AIP Handbook B Airport Compliance Manual E Policies and Procedures for Considering Environmental Impacts B NEPA Implementation at Airports FAA Airports (ARP) Safety Management System B United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPs) JO Air Traffic Control JO G Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters

26 Advisory Circulars index.cfm/go/document.list Required Use if Airport is Certificated and/or Grant funding has been received FAA-wide -- over 800 AC s in twelve Series (generally organized by subject area) Airports are the 150-Series (over 120 issued) AC 150/5000s Airport Planning AC 150/5100s Federal-aid Airport Programs and Compliance AC 150/5200s Airport Safety, Operations and Equipment AC 150/5300s Airport Design and Construction

27 Useful Airports ACs for Planning AC Airport Capacity and Delay (Revision Planned) AC 150/5070-6B Airport Master Plans AC 150/ The Airport System Planning Process AC 150/ A Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or Near Airports AC 150/ Airport Certification Manual AC 150/ Airport Design AC 150/ Design of Aircraft Deicing Facilities AC 150/ , 17 & 18 General Guidance and Specifications for Aeronautical Surveys

28 Useful Airports ACs for Planning (continued) AC 150/5320-5C Surface Drainage Design AC 150/5325-4B Runway Length Requirements for Airport Design AC 150/5340-1J Standards for Airport Markings AC 150/ E Standards for Airport Sign Systems AC 150/ D Design and Installation Details for Airport Visual Aids AC 150/5370-2E Operational Safety on Airports During Construction AC 150/5390-2B Heliport Design

29 Other Guidance for Planning Other FAA Publications Engineering Briefs Certalerts Policies, Letters and other Documents TSA Publications State and Local Guidance Airport Development Standards Zoning and Building Codes Industry Guidance IATA, NFPA, ASHTO, Others Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Surveys, Benchmarking, Best Practices Suggestions for new process development and criteria and creation of prototype analytical modeling tools

31 Planning without action is futile. Action without planning is fatal.

32 Planning Activities: Airport System Planning Developing for planning purposes, information, and guidance to decide the extent, kind, location, and timing of airport development needed in a specific area to establish a viable, balanced, and integrated system of public-use airports. Source: Federal law 49 USC 47102(8)

33 Planning Activities: Airport System Planning State, Regional, or Metropolitan Area Uses Ensure accessibility to National Air Transportation System Establishment of System Standards and Needs Determine Financing Needs and Priorities Insure Efficient Allocation of Resources

34 34 Planning Activities: Airport System Planning Source: FAA AC 150/5070-7

35 Planning Activities: Airport System Planning Entry into the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) Identifies more than 3,400 existing and proposed airports that are significant to national air transportation and thus eligible to receive Federal grants under the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) Includes estimates of the amount of AIP money needed to fund infrastructure development projects that will bring these airports up to current design standards and add capacity to congested airports Entry into the National Airspace System (NAS)

36 Planning Activities: Airport System Planning Process Source: FAA AC 150/5070-7

37 Houston-Galveston Area 2040 Regional Aviation System Plan Update Source: Airliners.net

38 Houston-Galveston Area 2040 Regional Aviation System Plan Update Source: Airliners.net

39 Airport Development Process Strategic Plan / Goals / Master Plan (Guidance and Context) Identify Issues / Alternatives / Analysis and Validation (Preliminary Feasibility) Entry into Capital Improvement Program and Decision to Proceed Programming, Refinement, NEPA, and Benefit-Cost Analysis Design and Construction Operation and Maintenance

40 Planning Activities: Strategic Planning for Airport Vision / Mission / Values organization s foundation Vision Future state of the organization long term objective Mission Purpose of the organization why it exists short term objective Values Shared beliefs drive culture and priorities Key elements: Visioning with stakeholders and community Core Values of organization Situational Analyses Organizational initiatives linked to Vision/Mission/Values Align organization s activities with initiatives

41 Planning Activities: Master Planning Not mandatory but FAA-recommended process to prepare Airport Layout Plan (which is required) Long term look ahead to provide plans for orderly facility development and on-airport land uses Link to other long-term community planning efforts on land use and facility infrastructure Regional and Community Comprehensive Plans In CA - Airport Land Use Compatibility Plans Provides general assessment of financial feasibility Makes business case for key long term decisions regarding development

42 Planning Activities: Airport Layout Plan and Narrative Report Airports are required by FAA to keep ALP updated ALP Drawing Set ranges in size by Airport ALP Drawing Terminal Area Plan Airspace, Inner portion of Approach Surface and Departure Surface Drawings Land Use Drawing and Airport Property Map ALP Narrative Report 1. Basic aeronautical forecasts 2. Basis for proposed items for development 3. Rationale for unusual design features and modifications to FAA Design Standards 4. Summary of development stages and items in each stage

43 Planning Activities: Site Selection Normally evolves from system or master planning process as an alternative Criteria and analysis generally kept at high level to determine feasibility and practicality Large scale stakeholder and community collaboration and involvement a must Recent examples: Las Vegas Chicago San Diego Atlanta (a new airport is often discussed)

45 Airport Development Process Strategic Plan / Goals / Master Plan (Guidance and Context) Identify Issues / Alternatives / Analysis and Validation (Preliminary Feasibility) Entry into Capital Improvement Program and Decision to Proceed Programming, Refinement, NEPA, and Benefit-Cost Analysis Design and Construction Operation and Maintenance

46 Project Related Planning: A Typical Process Facility Needs / Issues Identification From Strategic Plan Initiatives From Master Plan From Management and Staff From Airlines and other stakeholders How does a Good Idea become a Project?

47 Project Related Planning: A Typical Process Preliminary Validation Alternative solutions and very preliminary analysis (other than Master Plan projects) Solutions may be management or development related What are estimated benefits and costs? Consistent with Master Plan Major issues that need consideration Include as candidate for Capital Improvement Program? Staff subject-matter teams review and prioritize Senior Management makes decision to include

48 Project Related Planning: A Typical Process Capital Improvement Program Purpose: to allow for financing and for pre-design activities and design to be scheduled Typically a 5 to 6 year program identified Bow wave of projects from year to year Planned projects versus contingent, Demand Responsive projects Projects grouped as programs to allow maximum synergies and coordination and minimal disruption Potential for linkage to scheduling / reporting software applications

49 Project Related Planning: A Typical Process Pre-design planning activities: Project refinement programming Layout Costing (grant eligible?) Scheduling NEPA Cat Ex EA EIS Benefit / Cost Analysis Projects for FAA funding Projects for final business case decisions by airport Planner s role may be to perform work by staff or consultants or to work as a team member with other specialists

50 Project Related Planning: A Typical Process Design Validation of program by designer Significant subsequent involvement and collaboration by Airport Planner to: Assure project s original purpose and objectives are achieved As subject-matter expert, insure compliance with Master Plan / ALP Provide technical input on program changes Coordinate with project manager on FAA approvals Construction Planner has much reduced role, will participate in brush fires and related meetings

51 Planning During Operation: Significant Continued Involvement Examples: Aircraft gate use, aircraft layout studies, and gate paint markings Airfield signing and marking Traffic analyses aircraft and vehicular Aircraft overflight and noise studies Construction closure impacts and phasing analyses Business / management policy studies and analysis Part 139 studies and other related assistance which may involve data collection, exhibits, GIS applications, etc.

52 Other Planning Activity at Airports Monitoring Performance against goals and objectives Industry / Airport trends, activity levels and community feedback Collaboration with and participation in land-use, transportation and other community planning efforts Metropolitan Planning Organizations or Regional Planning Councils Local government planning departments Special studies that relate to the airport Internal and external efforts to improve analysis tools, meet new requirements and otherwise improve the planning process and associated resources

Airports and UAS: Integrating UAS into Airport Infrastructure and Planning

ACRP Problem Statement 17-03-09 Recommended Allocation: $500,000 Airports and UAS: Integrating UAS into Airport Infrastructure and Planning ACRP Staff Comments This is one of four UAS-themed problem statements