SAN MARINO CIVIL AVIATION PROCEDURES PILOT LICENSING - HELICOPTER SM-CAP PL 01 (H)

Transcription

1 R E P U B L I C O F S A N M A R I N O C I V I L A V I A T I O N A U T H O R I T Y SAN MARINO CIVIL AVIATION PROCEDURES PILOT LICENSING - HELICOPTER SM-CAP PL 01 (H) Approval (s) (Name) Director of CAA-SMR Date Page 1/70

2 INTRODUCTION AND NUMBERING This Volume dedicated to the Licensing Procedures, is developed by the CAA-SMR for the use of both the Civil Aviation Inspectors and the Civil Aviation users in San Marino and contains all the relevant Forms. Indeed, it gathers all the application forms and licences forms referred to in this volume relating to all the personnel concerned by a San Marino Civil Aviation Licence as the: - FL 01 Aircraft pilots, - FL 01(A) Aeroplane - FL 01(H) Helicopter - FL 01(M) Micro light Aircraft - FL 01(G) Glider - FL 01(FB) Free Balloon - FL 01(AS) Airship - FL 03 Medical certificate, - FL 04 Flight engineer, - FL 05 Cabin crew, - FL 06 Maintenance personnel, - FL 07 Air traffic personnel, - FL 08 Dispatch personnel. The numbering of the forms is built in respect of the following: Example of: FL 01-05: FL : refers to Form Licence, 01 : refers to SM-CAR PL (Personnel Licensing), 05 : refers to the fifth (5 th ) Form Page 2/70

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES... 3 RECORD OF AMENDMENT... 3 GENERAL Purpose Field of application References Applicable rules Application of the procedures Replacement of a lost or destroyed pilot licence or flight instructor rating or knowledge test report Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency Falsification, reproduction, or alteration of applications, licences, logbooks, reports, or records 3 9. Forms... 3 SUBPART STUDENT HELICOPTER PILOT LICENSE... 3 SUBPART PRIVATE HELICOPTER PILOT LICENSE... 3 SUBPART COMMERCIAL HELICOPTER PILOT LICENSE... 3 SUBPART HELICOPTER INSTRUMENT RATING... 3 SUBPART HELICOPTER AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENSE... 3 SUBPART HELICOPTER TYPE RATING... 3 SUBPART MULTI CREW CONCEPT (MCC) CERTIFICATE (HELICOPTER)... 3 SUBPART HELICOPTER INSTRUCTOR RATING... 3 SUBPART FORMS... 3 Page 3/70

4 FL APPLICATION FOR THE VALIDATION OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENCE... 3 FL VALIDATION OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENCE SM-CAR PL FL APPLICATION FOR THE ISSUING OF A PILOT LICENCE... 3 FL PILOT FLIGHT EXAMINER AUTHORISATION... 3 FL FL LIST OF HELICOPTER TYPES... 3 Page 4/70

5 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Page Revision Date of issue Page Revision Date of issue 1 0 November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November November 2004 Total number of pages of this document is 66 pages, including cover page and the annexes. Page 5/70

6 RECORD OF AMENDMENT Revision Subject Date of issue Filled by 0 Issue 1 May 2004 Bureau Veritas 0 Issue 2 November 2004 Bureau Veritas Page 6/70

7 GENERAL 1. Purpose 1.1 This order is referred to Licensing Procedures and details the forms associated to the Personnel Licensing Handbook, that an applicant has to fill regarding the issuing, renewing, reissuing of ground licence with the associated rating, flight licence with associated ratings and particular licence and certificate in conformity with the SM-CAR PL. 1.2 All persons having to send any official document by any way must follow the procedures according the conformity to the SM-CAR. The objective is to insure the tracks and the proper followed of any requirement. 1.3 This procedure, implemented by the Licensing Department of CAA-SMR, will be used for any transmission by postal way, electronic device (telefax, and direct manual deposit. 2. Field of application 2.1 All documents contended in the relevant SM-CAR PL must be reported following to the Personnel Licensing procedures, 2.2 All people wishing to receive a safe, efficient and rapid answer may follow also the Personnel Licensing procedures. 3. References SM-CAR-PL series. ICAO Recommendations in relative Annexes 4. Applicable rules 4.1 The relevant SM-CAR are basically the documents to follow. The procedures detailed in Personnel Licensing Handbook are only the explanation of the relevant Personnel Licensing SM-CAP (CAP PL series). 4.2 Each personal and official of CAA-SMR must be aware that precise delay is committing the responsibility of CAA-SMR and must be respected every time. Any noncomplying due to unforeseen reason must be reported without delay and notified to the applicant. 5. Application of the procedures 5.1 All documents must be enclosed with an applicant form (if defined and existing) or a shipping letter annotated with all inside details, 5.2 The shipment must be addressed to the Director of CAA-SMR without specifying particular name, Page 7/70

8 5.3 Whatever means of shipment issued (mail, hand, fax, , etc. ) for a document, it must be taken in charge by the person responsible for the mail register, 5.4 In case of direct delivery to any official CAA-SMR person, this person must transmit without delay all documents concerning entering mail to registering person. If he has no possibility to do it without delay he must refuse to take in charge any document, 5.5 A register is dedicated to the entering mail. It is an official register, where the date, the applicant s name and subject are written thanks to a registered list of number. The corresponding number is transcribed on the applicant form or shipping letter, 5.6 After this registration, all parts of the total document are transmitted internally to the appropriate personal for application, 5.7 In this case, the date taken into account in the process of delivery of final document is the entering registration date, 5.8 If required, an acknowledgement may be delivered to the applicant, by the person responsible for the mail register, justifying the date and registering number. 6. Replacement of a lost or destroyed pilot licence or flight instructor rating or knowledge test report 6.1 A request for the replacement of a lost or destroyed Pilot licence or Flight instructor rating issued under this SM-CAP PL 01must be made by letter to the CAA-SMR, and must be accompanied by a check or money order for the appropriate fees as prescribed in SM-CARs. 6.2 A request for the replacement of a lost or destroyed knowledge test report must be made by letter to the CAA-SMR, and must be accompanied by a check or money order for the appropriate fees as prescribed in SM-CARs. 6.3 The letter requesting replacement must state: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) the name of the person; the permanent mailing address (including Postal Code), or if the permanent mailing address includes a post office box number, then the person's current residential address; any Personal Identification Document number; the date and place of birth of the licence or certificate holder; and any available information regarding the: (i) number, and date of issuance of the licence, and (ii) date the knowledge test was taken, if applicable. 6.4 A person who has lost a Pilot licence or Flight Instructor rating, or knowledge test report may obtain a facsimile from the CAA-SMR, confirming that it was issued and the: Page 8/70

9 (a) facsimile may be carried as a Pilot licence or Flight instructor rating, or knowledge test report, as appropriate, for up to 60 days pending the person's receipt of a duplicate under paragraph (1), or (2), of this section, unless the person has been notified that the licence / certificate has been suspended or revoked. (5) Request for such a facsimile must include the date on which a duplicate licence / certificate or knowledge test report was previously requested. 7 Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency 7.1 No person shall act as a pilot or flight instructor, while that person knows or has reason to know or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner. 8 Falsification, reproduction, or alteration of applications, licences, logbooks, reports, or records 8.1 No person may make or cause to be made: (a) (b) (c) Any fraudulent or intentionally false statement on any application for a licence, rating, authorisation, or duplicate thereof, issued under this SM-CAP PL 01; Any fraudulent or intentionally false entry in any logbook, record, or report that is required to be kept, made, or used to show compliance with any requirement for the issuance or exercise of the privileges of any licence, rating, or authorisation under this SM-CAP PL 01; Any reproduction for fraudulent purpose of any licence, rating, or authorisation, under this SM-CAP PL 01; or (d) Any alteration of any licence, rating, or authorisation under this SM-CAP PL The commission of an act prohibited under paragraph (a) of this section is a basis for suspending or revoking any airman licence, rating, or authorisation held by that person 9. Forms This SM-CAP contains all the necessary forms related to SM-CAR PL 01 concerning Pilot Licensing. The following forms are applicable to the procedures described in the volume of the Personnel Licensing Inspector Handbook: FL APPLICATION FOR THE VALIDATION OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENCE FL VALIDATION OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENCE FL APPLICATION FOR THE ISSUING OF A PILOT LICENCE FL PILOT FLIGHT EXAMINER AUTHORISATION FL APPLICATION FOR A TYPE AND RATING FL LIST OF HELICOPTER TYPE Page 9/70

10 SUBPART 1 STUDENT HELICOPTER PILOT LICENSE THEORETICAL TRAINING A theoretical training shall be carried by the applicant to a student pilot license. This training shall ensure that the privileges granted would not permit student pilots to constitute a hazard to air navigation. In reference to SM-CAR PL , SM-CAR PL and SM-CAR PL , the instructor in charge of the student shall determine the content and the well understanding of the following subjects: Rules of the air - general rules - visual flight rules - signals Air traffic regulations and air traffic services - objectives of air traffic services - classification of airspace - air traffic control services - flight information services - alerting service - visual meteorological conditions - Visual aids for navigation - indicators and signalling devices - markings, lights, signs, markers - signal area - Aerodrome ground lights and surface marking colours - function of aerodrome control towers - VFR operations - traffic and circuit procedures - information to aircraft - control of aerodrome traffic The instructor shall make a written questionnaire related to the above subjects and attest the knowledge of the applicant. Page 10/70

11 SUBPART 2 PRIVATE HELICOPTER PILOT LICENSE In reference to SM-CAR PL , SM-CAR PL , SM-CAR PL , CAR PL and SM-CAR PL , the applicant to a helicopter Private Pilot License shall be trained according the following course. In conclusion of this training, the in charge instructor shall attest the general level of knowledge and ability of the applicant. The applicant shall demonstrate this level by a successful theoretical knowledge examination and skill test defined in this SM-CAP. The applicant for a helicopter Private Pilot License shall have complete at least 45 hours flight time as helicopter pilot. The training shall be at least 25 hours dual instruction and 10 hours of supervised solo flight time, including at least 5 hours of solo cross-country flight. THEORETICAL TRAINING: The theoretical knowledge syllabus of the PPL(H) course shall cover the following: Air Law, Aircraft General Knowledge, Flight Performance and Planning, Human Performance and Limitations, Meteorology, Navigation, Operational Procedures, Principles of Flight and Communication as detailed: AIR LAW AND RULES OF THE AIR - definitions - applicability - general rules - visual flight rules - signals - interception of civil aircraft Air traffic regulations and air traffic services - definitions - objectives of air traffic services - classification of airspace - flight information regions, control areas and control zones - air traffic control services - flight information services - alerting service - visual meteorological conditions - instrument meteorological conditions - in-flight contingencies Aerodrome data - definitions - conditions of the movement area and related facilities - Visual aids for navigation - indicators and signalling devices - markings, lights, signs, markers, signal area - Visual aids for denoting obstacles - marking of objects, lighting of objects - Visual aids for denoting restricted use of areas - Emergency and other services - fire and rescue service Page 11/70

12 - apron management service - Aerodrome ground lights and surface marking colours - colours for aeronautical ground lights - colours for surface markings Rules of the air and air traffic services - definitions - ATS operating practices - flight plan clearance and information - control of air traffic flow - altimeter setting procedures - wake turbulence information - meteorological information - air reports (AIREP) Area control service - separation of controlled traffic in the various classes of airspace - pilots, responsibility to maintain separation in VMC - emergency and communications failure procedures by the pilot - interception of civil aircraft Approach control service - departing and arriving aircraft procedures in VMC Aerodrome control service - function of aerodrome control towers - VFR operations - traffic and circuit procedures - information to aircraft - control of aerodrome traffic Flight information and alerting service - air traffic advisory service - objectives and basic principles AIRCRAFT GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Airframe/Rotors - Airframe structure (helicopter configuration) - Airframe loads (limiting loads, safety factor, control and rotor locks and use) Airframe - Airframe structure - Airframe loads Powerplant Piston engine and turbine engine - Engines - Engine cooling - Engine lubrication - Ignition systems - Carburetion - Aero engine fuel - Fuel systems - Propellers - Engine handling Systems Page 12/70

13 - Electrical system - Vacuum system Instruments - Pitot/static system - Airspeed indicator - Altimeter - Vertical speed indicator - Gyroscopes - Turn indicator - Attitude indicator - Heading indicator - Magnetic compass - Engine instruments - Other instruments Airworthiness: instructions, limitations, placards FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING Mass and balance Performance - Take-off - Landing - In flight HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS Basic physiology METEOROLOGY - The atmosphere - Pressure, density and temperature - Humidity and precipitation - Pressure and wind - Cloud formation - Fog, mist and haze - Airmasses - Frontology - Ice accretion - Thunderstorms - Flight over mountainous areas - Altimetry - The meteorological organisation - Weather analysis and forecasting - Weather information for flight planning - Meteorological broadcasts for aviation NAVIGATION - Form of the earth - Mapping - Conformal orthomorphic projection (ICAO 1.500,000 chart) - Direction - Helicopter magnetism - Distances - Charts in practical navigation - Chart reference material/map reading Page 13/70

14 - Principles of navigation - The navigation computer - Time - Flight planning - Practical navigation Radio navigation - Ground D/F - ADF, including associated beacons (NDBs) and use of the RMI - VOR/DME - GPS - Ground radar - Secondary surveillance radar OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES - Operation of aircraft - Search and rescue - Aircraft accident investigation - Noise abatement - Contravention of aviation regulations PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT - The atmosphere - Airflow around a body, sub-sonic - Airflow about a two dimensional aerofoil - Three dimensional flow about an aerofoil - Distribution of the four forces - Flying controls - Trimming controls - Rotor aerodynamics - Avoidance of spins - Stability - Load factor and manoeuvres - Stress loads on the ground - Vortex ring - Blade stall COMMUNICATIONS - Radio telephony and communications - Departure procedures - En-route procedures - Arrival and traffic pattern procedures - Communications failure - Distress and urgency procedures GENERAL FLIGHT SAFETY - Helicopter - Operational Page 14/70

15 PRACTICAL TRAINING The PPL(H) flight instruction syllabus shall cover the following: (a) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance determination, helicopter inspection and servicing; (b) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions and procedures; (c) control of the helicopter by external visual reference; (d) flight at critically slow airspeeds, recognition of, and recovery from, vortex ring; (e) flight at critically high airspeeds; (f) normal and crosswind take-offs and landings; (g) maximum performance (short field and obstacle clearance) take-offs, short-field landings; (h) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead reckoning and radio navigation aids; (j) emergency operations, including simulated helicopter equipment malfunctions; and (k) operations to, from and transiting controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures, communication procedures and phraseology. Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Exercise 4 Exercise 5 Exercise 6 Exercise 7 Exercise 8 Exercise 9 Exercise 10 Exercise 11 Exercise 12 Exercise 13 Exercise 14 Exercise 15 Exercise 16 Exercise 17 Exercise 18 Exercise 19 Exercise 20 Exercise 21 Exercise 22 Exercise 23 Exercise 24 Exercise 25 Exercise 26 Exercise 27 Exercise 28 Exercise 27 Familiarisation with the helicopter Emergency drills / emergency procedures Preparation for and action after flight Air experience, Effects of controls Taxiing, Power and attitude changes Straight and level, Climbing, Descending, Turning Basic autorotation Hovering, Hover taxiing, spot turns, taxiing emergencies Take-off and landing Transitions from hover to climb and approach to hover Circuit, approach and landing, Steep and limited power approaches and landings, Emergency procedures First solo Sideways and backwards hover manoeuvring Spot turns Hover out of ground effect (OGE), vortex ring Simulated engine off landings (EOL) Advanced autorotation Practice forced landings Steep turns Transitions Quickstops Navigation, Flight planning, Departure, Arrival, aerodrome joining procedure Navigation problems at low heights and in reduced visibility Radio navigation Advanced take-off, landings, transitions Sloping ground Limited power Confined areas Basic instrument flight Page 15/70

16 THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE EXAMINATION The theoretical knowledge examination for helicopter private pilot license shall be in written form and shall cover nine subjects as indicated below. There shall be a total of at least 90 questions equally reparsed and the questions shall be multiple choice. The times shall not exceed the following: Air Law and ATC Procedures... 0h45 Aircraft General Knowledge... 0h30 Flight Performance and Planning... 1h00 Human Performance and Limitations... 0h30 Meteorology... 0h30 Navigation... 1h00 Operational Procedures... 0h30 Principles of Flight... 0h45 Communications... 0h30 SKILL TEST An applicant for a skill test for the helicopter Private Pilot License shall have received instruction on the same type of helicopter to be used for the skill test. The administrative arrangements for confirming the applicant s suitability to take the test, including disclosure of the applicant s training record to the examiner will be determined by the Authority. An applicant shall pass sections 1 through 5 of the skill test. If any item in a section is failed, that section is failed. Complete skill test is failed if failures are in more than one section. Should the applicant choose to terminate a skill test for reasons considered inadequate by the Examiner, the applicant shall retake the entire skill test. If the test is terminated for reasons considered adequate by the Examiner, only those sections not completed shall be tested in a further flight. Any manoeuvre or procedure of the test may be repeated once by the applicant. The Examiner may stop the test at any stage if it is considered that the applicant s demonstration of flying skill requires a complete retest. An applicant shall be required to fly the helicopter from a position where the pilot-incommand functions can be performed and to carry out the test as if there is no other crew member. Responsibility for the flight shall be allocated in accordance with national regulations. The route to be flown for the navigation test shall be chosen by the examiner. The route may end at the aerodrome of departure or at another aerodrome. The applicant shall be responsible for the flight planning and shall ensure that all equipment and documentation for the execution of the flight are on board. The duration of the navigation section of the test shall be at least 30 minutes. An applicant shall indicate to the examiner the checks and duties carried out, including the identification of radio facilities. Checks shall be completed in accordance with the authorised check list for the helicopter on which the test is being taken. During pre-flight preparation for the test the applicant is required to determine power settings and speeds. Performance data for take-off, approach and landing shall be calculated by the applicant in compliance with the operations manual or flight manual for the helicopter used. Page 16/70

17 The examiner will take no part in the operation of the helicopter except where intervention is necessary in the interests of safety or to avoid unacceptable delay to other traffic. FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE The applicant shall demonstrate the ability to: - operate the helicopter within its limitations; - complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy; - exercise good judgement and airmanship; - apply aeronautical knowledge; and - maintain control of the helicopter at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt. The following limits are for general guidance. The examiner will make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the helicopter used. Height - Normal forward flight... ±150 feet - with simulated major emergency.. ±200 feet - Hovering I.G.E. Flight... ±2 feet Heading / Tracking radio aids - normal flight... ±10 - with simulated major emergency.. ±15 Speed - take-off and approach / -10 knots - all other flight regimes... ±15 knots Ground drift - T.O. hover I.G.E... ± 3 feet - Landing no sideways or backwards movement Page 17/70

18 ITEMS SECTION 1: PRE-FLIGHT/POST-FLIGHT CHECKS AND PROCEDURES Helicopter knowledge, (e.g. technical log, fuel, mass and balance, performance), Flight Planning, NOTAMS, Weather Pre-flight inspection/action, location of parts and purpose Cockpit inspection, Starting procedure Communication and navigation equipment checks, selecting and setting frequencies Pre-take-off procedure, R/T procedure, ATC liaison-compliance Parking, Shutdown and Post-flight procedure SECTION 2 : HOVER MANOEUVRES, ADVANCED HANDLING AND CONFINED AREAS Take-off and landing (lift off and touch down) Taxi, hover taxi Stationary hover with head/cross/tail wind Stationary hover turns, 360º left and right (spot turns) Forward, sideways and backwards hover manoeuvring Simulated engine failure from the hover Quick stops into and downwind Sloping ground/unprepared sites landings and take-offs Take-offs (various profiles) Crosswind, downwind take-off (if practicable) Take-off at maximum take-off mass (actual or simulated) Approaches (various profiles) Limited power take-off and landing Autorotations, (FE to select two items from - Basic, range, low speed, and 360º turns) Autorotative landing Practice forced landing with power recovery Power checks, reconnaissance technique, approach and departure technique SECTION 3 : NAVIGATION EN-ROUTE PROCEDURES Navigation and orientation at various altitudes/heights, map reading Altitude/height, speed, heading control, observation of airspace, altimeter setting Monitoring of flight progress, flight-log, fuel usage, endurance, ETA, assessment of track error and reestablishment of correct track, instrument monitoring Observation of weather conditions, diversion planning Use of navigation aids (where available) ATC liaison and observance of regulations, etc. SECTION 4 : FLIGHT PROCEDURES AND MANOEUVRES Level flight, control of heading, altitude/height and speed Climbing and descending turns to specified headings Level turns with up to 30ºbank, 180º to 360º left and right Level turns 180º left and right by sole reference to instruments SECTION 5 : ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES (SIMULATED WHERE APPROPRIATE) Note (1) Where the test is conducted on a multi-engine helicopter a simulated engine failure drill, including a single engine approach and landing shall be included in the test. Note (2) The FE shall select 4 items from the following: Engine malfunctions, including governor failure, carburetor/engine icing, oil system, as appropriate Fuel system malfunction Electrical system malfunction Hydraulic system malfunction, including approach and landing without hydraulics, as applicable Main rotor and/or anti-torque system malfunction (flight simulator or discussion only) Fire drills, including smoke control and removal, as applicable Other abnormal and Emergency procedures as outlined in appropriate flight manual including for multi-engine helicopters: Simulated engine failure at take-off: - rejected take-off at or before TDP or safe forced landing at or before DPATO - shortly after TDP or DPATO Landing with simulated engine failure: - landing or go-around following engine failure before LDP or DPBL Examin er Page 18/70

19 - following engine failure after LDP or safe forced landing after DPBL Page 19/70

20 SUBPART 3 COMMERCIAL HELICOPTER PILOT LICENSE In reference to SM-CAR PL , SM-CAR PL and SM-CAR PL , The applicant to a Commercial Pilot License shall be trained according the following course. In conclusion of this training, the in charge instructor shall attest the general level of knowledge and ability of the applicant. The applicant shall demonstrate this level by a successful theoretical knowledge examination and skill test defined in this SM-CAP. The applicant for a Commercial Pilot License shall have complete at least 200 hours flight time as helicopters pilot, including at least 100 as pilot in command. This minimum shall be reduced respectively to 150 hours and 70 hours if all training is completed within an approved integrated course as defined in relevant SM-CAP. Nevertheless the applicant shall have an experience of 20 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, 10 hours of instrument flight time and 5 hours of night flight time. THEORETICAL TRAINING FOR COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE The theoretical knowledge syllabus of the CPL course shall cover the following: Air Law, Aircraft General Knowledge, Flight Performance and Planning, Human Performance and Limitations, Meteorology, Navigation, Operational Procedures, Principles of Flight and Communication. PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE: The flying instruction is divided into 2 phases: The flying instruction comprises the following items. The flight time allocated to each exercise is at the discretion of the flight instructor, provided at least 5 hours flight time is allocated to cross-country flying. Visual flight Within the total of dual flight instruction time, the applicant may have completed during the visual phase up to 5 hours in a helicopter FNPT II/III or FS. a. Pre-flight operations: mass and balance calculations, helicopter inspection and servicing. b. Level flight speed changes, climbing, descending, turns, basic autorotations, use of checklist, collision avoidance, checking procedures. c. Take-offs and landings, traffic pattern, approach, simulated engine failures in the traffic pattern. Sideways and backwards flight and spot turns in the hover. d. Recovery from incipient vortex ring condition. e. Advanced autorotations covering the speed range from low speed to maximum range and manoeuvre in autorotations ( and 'S' turns), simulated engine off landings. f. Selection of emergency landing areas, autorotations following simulated emergencies to given areas. Steep turns at 30 and 45 bank. g. Manoeuvres at low level and quickstops. h. Landings, take-offs and transitions to and from the hover when heading out of wind. i. Landings and take-offs from sloping or uneven ground. j. Landings and take-offs with limited power. k. Low level operations into and out of confined landing sites. Page 20/70

21 l. Cross-country flying using dead reckoning and radio navigation aids. Flight planning by the applicant; filing of ATC flight plan; evaluation of weather briefing documentation, NOTAM etc; radiotelephony procedures and phraseology; positioning by radio navigation aids; operation to, from and transiting controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services procedures for VFR flights, simulated radio communication failure, weather deterioration, diversion procedures; location of an off airfield landing site and simulated approach. m. Instrument flying without external visual cues. Level flight performing speed changes, maintaining flight altitude (level, heading) turns in level flight at rate one and 30 bank, left and right; roll-out on predetermined headings. n. Repetition of exercise (m); additionally climbing and descending, maintaining heading and speed, transition to horizontal flight; climbing and descending turns. o. Repetition of exercise (m); and recovery from unusual attitudes. p. Radio navigation. q. Repetition of exercise (m); and turns using standby magnetic compass and standby artificial horizon (if fitted). Basic Instrument Flight A maximum of 5 hours of the following exercises may be performed in a FNPT I or II or a flight simulator. Flight training should be carried out in VMC using a suitable means of simulating IMC for the student THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE EXAMINATION FOR COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE The theoretical knowledge examination for commercial pilot license shall be in written form and shall cover nine subjects as indicated below. There shall be a total of at least 180 questions proportionally reparsed according the time schedule and the questions shall be multiple choice. The times shall not exceed the following: Air Law and ATC Procedures... 1h00 Aircraft General Knowledge... 2h30 Flight Performance and Planning... 2h30 Human Performance and Limitations... 0h30 Meteorology... 1h30 Navigation... 1h30 Operational Procedures... 1h00 Principles of Flight... 1h00 Communications... 0h30 SKILL TEST FOR COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE: An applicant for a skill test for the commercial Pilot License shall have received instruction on the same type of helicopter to be used for the skill test. The administrative arrangements for confirming the applicant s suitability to take the test, including disclosure of the applicant s training record to the examiner will be determined by the Authority. An applicant shall pass sections 1 through 5 of the skill test, and section 6 if a multi-engine helicopter is used. If any item in a section is failed, that section is failed. Complete skill test is failed if failures are in more than one section. Should the applicant choose to terminate a skill test for reasons considered inadequate by the Examiner, the applicant shall retake the entire skill test. If the test is terminated for Page 21/70

22 reasons considered adequate by the Examiner, only those sections not completed shall be tested in a further flight. Any manoeuvre or procedure of the test may be repeated once by the applicant. The Examiner may stop the test at any stage if it is considered that the applicant s demonstration of flying skill requires a complete retest. An applicant shall be required to fly the helicopter from a position where the pilot-incommand functions can be performed and to carry out the test as if there is no other crew member. Responsibility for the flight shall be allocated in accordance with national regulations. The route to be flown for the navigation test shall be chosen by the examiner. The route may end at the aerodrome of departure or at another aerodrome. The applicant shall be responsible for the flight planning and shall ensure that all equipment and documentation for the execution of the flight are on board. The duration of the navigation section of the test shall be at least 60 minutes. An applicant shall indicate to the examiner the checks and duties carried out, including the identification of radio facilities. Checks shall be completed in accordance with the authorised check list for the helicopter on which the test is being taken. During pre-flight preparation for the test the applicant is required to determine power settings and speeds. Performance data for take-off, approach and landing shall be calculated by the applicant in compliance with the operations manual or flight manual for the helicopter used. The examiner will take no part in the operation of the helicopter except where intervention is necessary in the interests of safety or to avoid unacceptable delay to other traffic. FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE: The applicant shall demonstrate the ability to: operate the helicopter within its limitations; complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy; exercise good judgement and airmanship; apply aeronautical knowledge; and maintain control of the helicopter at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt. The following limits are for general guidance. The examiner will make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the helicopter used. Height - Normal forward flight...±100 feet - with simulated major emergency...±150 feet Heading / Tracking radio aids - normal flight...±10 - with simulated major emergency...±15 Speed - take-off and approach multi engine...±5 knots - all other flight regimes...±10 knots Page 22/70

23 Ground drift - T.O. hover I.G.E...± 3 feet - Landing...no sideways or backwards movement Page 23/70

24 SECTION 1: PRE-FLIGHT/POST-FLIGHT CHECKS and PROCEDURES Helicopter knowledge, (e.g. technical log, fuel, mass and balance, performance), Flight Planning, NOTAMS, Weather Pre-flight inspection/action, location of parts and purpose Cockpit inspection, Starting procedure Communication and navigation equipment checks, selecting and setting frequencies Pre-take-off procedure, R/T procedure, ATC liaison-compliance Parking, Shutdown and Post-flight procedure SECTION 2: HOVER MANOEUVRES, ADVANCED HANDLING AND CONFINED AREAS Take-off and landing, (lift off and touch down) Taxi, hover taxi Stationary hover with head/cross/tail wind Stationary hover turns, 360º left and right (spot turns) Forward, sideways and backwards hover manoeuvring Simulated engine failure from the hover Quick stops into and downwind Sloping ground/unprepared sites landings and take-offs Take-offs (various profiles) Crosswind, downwind take-off (if practicable) Take-off at maximum take-off mass (actual or simulated) Approaches (various profiles) m Limited power take-off and landing Autorotations (FE to select two items from - Basic, range, low speed, and 360??turns) Autorotative landing Practice forced landing with power recovery Power checks, reconnaissance technique, approach and departure technique SECTION 3 : NAVIGATION - EN-ROUTE PROCEDURES Navigation and orientation at various altitudes/heights, map reading Altitude/height, speed, heading control, observation of airspace, altimeter setting Monitoring of flight progress, flight log, fuel usage, endurance, ETA, assessment of track error and reestablishment of correct track, instrument monitoring Observation of weather conditions, diversion planning Tracking, positioning (NDB and/or VOR), identification of facilities ATC liaison and observance of regulations, etc. SECTION 4 FLIGHT PROCEDURES AND MANOEUVRES BY SOLE REFERENCE TO INSTRUMENTS Level flight, control of heading, altitude/height and speed Rate 1 level turns onto specified headings, 180º to 360º left and right Climbing and descending, including turns at rate 1 onto specified headings Recovery from unusual attitudes Turns with 30º bank, turning up to 90º left and right SECTION 5 : ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES (SIMULATED WHERE APPROPRIATE) Note (1) Where the test is conducted on a multi-engine helicopter a simulated engine failure drill, ncluding a single engine approach and landing shall be included in the test. Note (2) The FE shall select 4 items from the following: Engine malfunctions, including governor failure, carburetor/engine icing, oil system, as appropriate Fuel system malfunction Electrical system malfunction Hydraulic system malfunction, including approach and landing without hydraulics, as applicable Main rotor and/or anti-torque system malfunction (flight simulator or discussion only) Fire drills, including smoke control and removal, as applicable Other abnormal and Emergency procedures as outlined in appropriate flight manual, including for multi-engine helicopters: - Simulated engine failure at take-off: - rejected take-off at or before TDP or safe forced landing at or before DPATO - shortly after TDP or DPATO - Landing with simulated engine failure: - landing or go-around following engine failure before LDP or DPBL Page 24/70

25 - following engine failure after LDP or safe forced landing after DPBL Page 25/70

26 SUBPART 4 HELICOPTER INSTRUMENT RATING In reference to SM-CAR PL , SM-CAR PL and SM-CAR PL , The applicant to an Instrument Rating shall be trained according the following course. In conclusion of this training, the in charge instructor shall attest the general level of knowledge and ability of the applicant. The applicant shall demonstrate this level by a successful theoretical knowledge examination and skill test defined in this SM-CAP. THEORETICAL TRAINING FOR INSTRUMENT RATING An applicant for an instrument rating shall have received theoretical knowledge instruction on an approved course at an approved flying training organisation, or at an organisation approved to conduct courses of theoretical knowledge instruction procedures and manoeuvres. The theoretical subjects covered below should be used to develop the knowledge for an applicant to an instrument rating. GENERAL SUBJECTS Physiological/psychological factors - The Senses - Spatial Disorientation - Sensory Illusions - Stress Flight instruments - Airspeed Indicator - Altimeter - Vertical Speed Indicator - Attitude Indicator - Heading Indicator - Turn and Slip Indicator - Magnetic Compass - In relation to the above instruments the following items should be covered: - Principles of Operation - Errors and in-flight Serviceability Checks - System Failures Radio navigation aids - Basic Radio Principles - Use of VHF RTF Channels - The Morse Code - Basic Principles of Radio Aids - VHF Omni Range (VOR) - Ground and Helicopter Equipment - Non Directional Beacons (NDB/ADF) - Ground and Helicopter Equipment - VHF Direction Finding (VHF/DF) - Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) Page 26/70

27 - Ground Equipment - Primary Radar - Secondary Surveillance Radar - Helicopter Equipment - Transponders - Precision Approach System - Other Navigational Systems (as applicable) in current Operational use - Ground and Helicopter Equipment - Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) - Ground and Helicopter Equipment - Marker Beacons - Ground and Helicopter Equipment - Pre-flight Serviceability Checks - Range, Accuracy and Limitations of Equipment FLIGHT PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS Aeronautical information publications - The Aeronautical Information Publication - NOTAM Class 1 and 2 - Aeronautical Information Circulars - Information of an Operational Nature - The Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services (RAC) - Visual Flight Rules and Instrument Flight Rules - Flight Plans and ATS Messages - Use of Radar in Air Traffic Services - Radio Failure - Classification of Airspace - Airspace Restrictions and Hazards - Holding and Approach to Land Procedures - Precision Approaches/Non Precision Approaches - Radar Approach Procedures - Missed Approach Procedures - Visual Manoeuvring after an Instrument Approach - Conflict Hazards in Uncontrolled Airspace - Communications - Types of Services - Extraction of AIP Data Relating to Radio Aids - Charts available - En-route - Departure and Arrival - Instrument Approach and Landing - Amendments, Corrections and Revision Service Flight planning general - The Objectives of Flight Planning - Factors Affecting Helicopter and Engine Performance - Selection of Alternate(s) - Obtaining Meteorological Information - Services Available - Met Briefing - Actual Weather Reports (TAFs, METARs and SIGMET Messages) - The Route Forecast - The Operational Significance of the Meteorological Information Obtained (including Icing, Turbulence and Visibility) - Altimeter Considerations - Definitions of Page 27/70

28 - Transition Altitude - Transition Level - Flight Level - QNH - Regional QNH - Standard Pressure Setting - QFE - Altimeter Setting Procedures - Pre-flight Altimeter Checks - Take off and Climb - En-Route - Approach and Landing - Missed Approach - Terrain Clearance - Selection of a Minimum Safe En-Route Altitude - Instrument Flight Rules - Preparation of Charts - Choice of Routes and Flight Levels - Compilation of Flight Plan/Log Sheet - Log Sheet Entries - Navigation Ground Aids to be used - Frequencies/Identification, Radials and Bearings - Tracks and Fixes - Safety Altitude(s) - Fuel Calculations - ATC Frequencies (VHF) - Tower, Approach, En-Route, Radar, FIS, ATIS, and Weather Reports - Minimum, Sector Altitudes, at Destination and Alternate Aerodromes - Determination of Minimum Safe Descent Heights/Altitudes (Decision Heights) at Destination and Alternate - Aerodromes The privileges of the instrument rating - Outside Controlled Airspace - Within Controlled Airspace - Period of Validity and Renewal Procedures Page 28/70

29 PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR INSTRUMENT TRAINING: A single-engine IR course shall comprise at least 50 hours instrument time under instruction of which up to 20 hours may be instrument ground in a synthetic device. A multi-engine IR course shall comprise at least 55 hours instrument time under instruction of which up to 25 hours may be instrument ground time in a synthetic device. The flying exercises up to the IR skill test shall comprise: (a) pre-flight procedures for IFR flights, including the use of the flight manual and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation of an IFR flight plan; (b) procedure and manoeuvres for IFR operation under normal, abnormal and emergency conditions covering at least: transition from visual to instrument flight on take off standard instrument departures and arrivals en route IFR procedures holding procedures instrument approaches to specified minima missed approach procedures landings from instrument approaches, including circling; (c) in flight manoeuvres and particular flight characteristics; (d) if required, operation of a multi-engine helicopter in the above exercises, including operation of the helicopter solely by reference to instruments with one engine simulated inoperative and engine shut down and restart (the latter exercise to be carried out at a safe altitude. The syllabus of training course shall cover the following program: 1 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Basic) - ATTITUDE, POWER & PERFORMANCE - THE BASIC FLIGHT MANOEUVRES (FULL PANEL) 2 INSTRUMENT FLYING (Advanced) - RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) - USE OF VOR (VHF OMNI RANGE) 3 RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) - USE OF VOR - RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) 4 RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) - USE OF NDB - RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) 5 RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) - USE OF VHF/DF - RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) 6 RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) - USE OF DME 7 RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) - USE OF TRANSPONDERS - USE OF TRANSPONDERS (SSR) Page 29/70

30 8 RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) - USE OF EN-ROUTE RADAR SERVICES 9 PRE-FLIGHT AND AERODROME DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL PROCEDURES 10 INSTRUMENT APPROACH - ILS APPROACHES TO SPECIFIED MINIMA - MISSED APPROACH PROCEDURES - INITIAL/INTERMEDIATE/FINAL APPROACH PROCEDURES - VISUAL MANOEUVRING AFTER AN INSTRUMENT APPROACH - PRECISION APPROACH PROCEDURE 11 INSTRUMENT APPROACH - NDB APPROACHES TO SPECIFIED MINIMA - MISSED APPROACH PROCEDURES - NON-PRECISION APPROACH PROCEDURE 12 RADIO NAVIGATION (APPLIED PROCEDURES) - USE OF GPS THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE EXAMINATION FOR INSTRUMENT RATING: The theoretical knowledge examination for instrument rating shall be in written form and shall cover seven subjects as indicated below. There shall be a total of at least 120 questions proportionally reparsed according the time schedule and the questions shall be multiple choice. The times shall not exceed the following: Air Law and ATC Procedures... 1h00 Aircraft General Knowledge... 1h00 Flight Performance and Planning... 2h00 Human Performance and Limitations... 0h30 Meteorology... 2h00 Navigation... 2h00 Communications... 0h30 SKILL TEST FOR INSTRUMENT RATING: An applicant for a skill test for the Instrument Rating shall have received instruction on the same type of helicopter to be used for the skill test. The administrative arrangements for confirming the applicant s suitability to take the test, including disclosure of the applicant s training record to the examiner will be determined by the Authority. An applicant shall pass sections 1 through 5 of the skill test, and section 6 if a multi-engine helicopter is used. If any item in a section is failed, that section is failed. Complete skill test is failed if failures are in more than one section. Should the applicant choose to terminate a skill test for reasons considered inadequate by the Examiner, the applicant shall retake the entire skill test. If the test is terminated for reasons considered adequate by the Examiner, only those sections not completed shall be tested in a further flight. Any manoeuvre or procedure of the test may be repeated once by the applicant. The Examiner may stop the test at any stage if it is considered that the applicant s demonstration of flying skill requires a complete retest. Page 30/70

31 An applicant shall be required to fly the helicopter from a position where the pilot-incommand functions can be performed and to carry out the test as if there is no other crew member. Responsibility for the flight shall be allocated in accordance with national regulations. The route to be flown for the navigation test shall be chosen by the examiner. The route may end at the aerodrome of departure or at another aerodrome. The applicant shall be responsible for the flight planning and shall ensure that all equipment and documentation for the execution of the flight are on board. The duration of the navigation section of the test shall be at least 60 minutes. An applicant shall indicate to the examiner the checks and duties carried out, including the identification of radio facilities. Checks shall be completed in accordance with the authorised check list for the helicopter on which the test is being taken. During pre-flight preparation for the test the applicant is required to determine power settings and speeds. Performance data for take-off, approach and landing shall be calculated by the applicant in compliance with the operations manual or flight manual for the helicopter used. The examiner will take no part in the operation of the helicopter except where intervention is necessary in the interests of safety or to avoid unacceptable delay to other traffic. FLIGHT TEST TOLERANCE The applicant shall demonstrate the ability to: operate the helicopter within its limitations; complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy; exercise good judgement and airmanship; apply aeronautical knowledge; and - maintain control of the helicopter at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never seriously in doubt. The following limits are for general guidance. The examiner will make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the helicopter used. Height Generally... ±100 feet Starting a go-around at decision height feet/ 0 feet Minimum descent height/map/altitude feet/ 0 feet Tracking on radio aids... ±5 Precision approach... half scale deflection, azimuth and glide path Heading all engines operating... ±5 with simulated engine failure... ±10 Speed all engines operating... ±5 knots with simulated engine failure +10 knots/ 5 knots Page 31/70