Regionalism and the Global Economy

Transcription

1 Regionalism and the Global Economy The Case ofmrica Edited by JanJoost Teunissen FONDAD The Hague

2 Forum on Debt and Development (FONDAD) FONDAD is an independent policy research centre established in the Netherlands to provide policy-oriented research on North-South problems, primarily international financial issues. Through its international network of experts and its contacts in the worlds of finance, policy research, politics, and the media, FONDAD aims to provide factual background information and practical strategies to policymakers and other interested groups in industrial as well as developing countries. Director: JanJoost Teunissen

3 Regionalism and the Global Economy: The Case ofafrica Proceedings of a Seminar on Regional Economic Integration and Global Economic Cooperation: The Case of Africa, held at the Headquarters of the Development Bank of Southern Mrica (DBSA) on 7-8 February 1996, organised by the Forum on Debt and Development, with the co-sponsorship of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the Mrican Development Bank, and the Development Bank ofsouthern Mrica. Editor: JanJoost Teunissen The views expressed in this book do not necessarily represent those of the Forum on Debt and Development or any of the co-sponsors. Summaries of the floor discussions following the papers attempt to convey the sense and substance of what was discussed. They have not been reviewed by the participants. ISBN X Copyright: Forum on Debt and Development (FONDAD), 1996 Permission must be obtained from FONDAD prior to any further reprints, republications, photocopying, or other use of this work. This publication was made possible thanks to the support of the Department for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Additional copies may be ordered from FONDAD at Noordeinde 107 A, 2514 GE The Hague, the Netherlands Tel: Fax: fondad@pi.net

4 Contents Abbreviations Preface 6 9 I Regional Integration Efforts in Africa: An Overview by Ernest Aryeetey and Abena D. Oduro Comment by Sam K. Asante Comment by Gavin Maasdorp Floor Discussion II Potential Gains from Infrastructural and Natural Resource Investment Coordination in Africa by Peter B. Robinson 68 Comment by Samuel Wangwe 99 Comment by Sindiso Ngwenya 102 Floor Discussion 107 III Trade and Investment Integration in Sub-Saharan Africa by William M. Lyakurwa 116 Comment by Mohsin S. Khan 148 Comment by Louis A. Kasekende 152 Floor Discussion 156 IV Regional Dimensions ofstructural Adjustment in Southern Africa by Percy S. Mistry 165 Comment by Alieu]eng 290 Comment by Gene Tidrick 292 Floor Discussion 296 Appendix: List ofparticipants 307

5 Abbreviations AATPO ACP AERC AIDB AMMTaZZ AMZ ANC APEC ASECALs ASECAPs BADEA BCEAO BLNS BLNSAS CBI CEAO CEMAC CEPGL CET CFA CMA COMESA DBSA DFI EAC EC ECA ECCAS ECLAC ECU ESAF ESECAL EU ECOWAS FAO FDI FINSECAL FINSECAP FRELIMO GATT GDP GNP GW HLM IFls IMF IOC Association ofmrican Trade Promotion Organizations Mrica, Caribbean and the Pacific Mrican Economic Research Consortium African Development Bank Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Angola, Mozambique, Zambia Mrican National Congress Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Agricultural Sector Adjustment Loans Agricultural Sector Adjustment Programmes Arab Bank for Economic Development in Mrica Central Bank of the West African States Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland (also called BLSN) Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Mrica, Swaziland Cross-Border Initiative West African Economic Community Central African Economic and Monetary Union Communaute Economique des Pays des Grandes Lacs Common External Tariff Communaute Financiere Africaine Common Monetary Area (SACU members minus Botswana) Common Market for Eastern and Southern Mrica Development Bank of Southern Africa Development Finance Institution East Mrican Community European Community Economic Commission for Africa Economic Community for Central African States Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean European Currency Unit Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Energy Sectoral Adjustment Loan European Union Economic Community for West African States Food and Agricultural Association Foreign Direct Investment Financial Sector Adjustment Loan Financial Sector Adjustment Programmes Liberation Front ofmozambique General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Giga-Watt High-Level Manpower International Financial Institutions International Monetary Fund Indian Ocean Commission

6 ISECAL kwh LLM LRMC MFN milex MMA MNCs MRU MTZ MW NAFTA NBA NORSAD Fund OAU OECD OMVS PTA REER RER REXSTAB RIA RoW RTAs SA SACCAR SACU SADC SADCC SAF SAPs SAR SARCCUS SECAL SECAP SOE SSA TU UAPTA UDEAC UDEAO UEMOA DIM UMOA UN UNCTAD UNICEF UNIDO UNDP Industrial Sector Adjustment Loan Kilowatt-hour Low-Level Manpower Low-Rate Marginal Cost Most-Favoured Nation military expenditures Multilateral Monetary Agreement Multinational Corporations Mano River Union Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Megawatt North American Free Trade Agreement Niger Basin Authority Export Pre-Financing Revolving Fund in SADC region Organisation ofmrican Unity Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (which comprises 23 developed country members as well as Mexico and Turkey) Organization pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Senegal Preferential Trading Area ofeastern and Southern Mrica Real Effective Exchange Rate Real Exchange Rate Regional Exchange Rate Stabilisation Mechanism Regional Integration Arrangement Rest-of-the-World Regional Trading Arrangements South Mrica Southern Mrican Centre for Cooperation on Agricultural Research Southern African Customs Union (South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland) Southern Africa Development Community (former SADCC + South Mrica) Southern Mrican Development Coordination Conference Structural Adjustment Facility Structural Adjustment Programmes Southern African Region: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Mrica, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe Southern African Centre Regional Commission for the Conservation and Utilisation of Soil Sectoral Adjustment Loans Sectoral Adjustment Programmes State-Owned Enterprises Sub-Saharan Mrica Taxe Unique Unit ofaccount of the PTA Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa former Customs Union of Francophone West African States West African Economic and Monetary Union (CEAO + UMOA) Urban, Industrial and Mining West African Monetary Union United Nations United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Children's Fund United Nations Industrial Development Organisation United Nations Development Programme

7 US(A) USAID WAPCO WBG WTO ZESA United States (of America) United States Agency for International Development West Mrican Pipeline Company World Bank Group World Trade Organisation Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority