E-Commerce Readiness Study in the SADC sub-region

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Stanley Lindsey
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1 E-Commerce Readiness Study in the SADC sub-region Validation workshop 16 th -17 th April 2012 Balaclava, Mauritius Country assesment Mustapha Mezghani

2 Agenda ICT indicators: Postal indicators Cyber & e-commerce laws Trade & trade issues Human resources

3 ICT INDICATORS

ICT Indicators 300 250 200 Fixed lines density Total

4 ICT Indicators Fixed lines density Total density Mobile lines density Ration Mobile/Fixed

5 ICT Indicators Country Fixed lines density Mobile lines density Total density Ratio Mobile/Fixed Angola 1,59 46,69 48,28 29,38 Botswana 6,85 117,76 124,61 17,20 Congo (Dem. Rep.) 0,06 17,21 17,27 270,35 Lesotho 1,79 32,18 33,97 18,01 Malawi 1,07 20,38 21,45 18,97 Mauritius 29,84 91,67 121,51 3,07 Mozambique 0,38 30,88 31,26 82,00 Namibia 6,66 67,21 73,87 10,10 Seychelles 25,48 135,91 161,39 5,35 8,43 100,48 108,91 11,92 Swaziland 3,71 61,78 65,49 16,65 Tanzania 0,39 46,80 47,19 120,25 Zambia 0,69 37,80 38,49 54,90 Zimbabwe 3,01 59,66 62,67 19,79 SADC 2,43 47,81 50,24 19,37

6 ICT Indicators Internet users per 100 inhabitants Fixed (wired) broadband internet subscription per 100 inhabitant Active mobile-broadband subscription per 100 inhabitant Total Broadband subscriptions (Fice & Mobile) per 100 inhabitant Ratio Mobile/fixe broadband subscription

7 ICT Indicators Internet users per 100 inhabitants Fixed (wired) broadband internet subscription per 100 inhabitant Active mobilebroadband subscription per 100 inhabitant Total Broadband subscriptions (Fice & Mobile) per 100 inhabitant Ratio Mobile/fixe broadband subscription Country Angola 10,00 0,1 5,6 5,7 56,00 Botswana 6,00 0,6 6,3 6,9 10,50 Congo (Dem. Rep.) 0,72 0,0 0,0 0,0 Lesotho 3,86 N/A N/A N/A N/A Malawi 2,26 N/A N/A N/A N/A Mauritius 24,90 6,3 22,1 28,4 3,51 Mozambique 4,17 0,1 1,5 1,6 15,00 Namibia 6,50 0,4 7,5 7,9 18,75 Seychelles 41,00 7,3 4,7 12,0 0,64 12,30 1,5 16,6 18,1 11,07 Swaziland 8,02 0,1 0,0 0,1 0,00 Tanzania 11,00 0,0 2,1 2,1 Zambia 6,74 0,1 0,0 0,1 0,00 Zimbabwe 11,50 0,3 0,7 1,0 2,33

8 ICT Indicators % of household with computer % of household with Internet Ratio computers /Internet

9 ICT Indicators Country % of household with computer % of household with Internet Ratio computers /Internet Angola 15,6 11,7 1,3 Botswana 33,7 18,1 1,9 Congo (Dem. Rep.) 0,3 0,3 1,0 Lesotho NA NA N/A Malawi NA NA N/A Mauritius 33,4 24,6 1,4 Mozambique 7,5 1,1 6,8 Namibia 15,4 3,9 3,9 Seychelles 32,1 17,1 1,9 18,3 10,1 1,8 Swaziland 10,7 3,6 3,0 Tanzania 2,6 0,7 3,7 Zambia 2,4 2,0 1,2 Zimbabwe 5,3 4,0 1,3 SADC 7,0 3,8 1,8

10 Internet users per 100 inhabitants ICT Indicators Variation Internet Bandwidth (bits/internet users) Variation Year Angola 1,14 10,00 775% % Botswana 3,26 6,00 84% % Congo (Dem. 0,24 0,72 Rep.) 202% % Lesotho 2,58 3,86 N/A N/A N/A N/A Malawi 0,38 2,26 N/A N/A N/A N/A Mauritius 15,17 24,90 64% % Mozambique 0,85 4,17 388% % Namibia 4,01 6,50 62% % Seychelles 25,41 41,00 61% % 7,49 12,30 64% % Swaziland 3,70 8,02 1,17% % Tanzania 4,30 11,00 1,56% % Zambia 2,85 6,74 1,36% % Zimbabwe 8,02 11,50 43% %

11 POSTAL INDICATORS

12 Postal indicators Items Angola Botswana Lesotho Mauritius DRC Total / Average Total number of permanent post offices Average area covered by a permanent office (km²) Average number of inhabitants served by a permanent office Number of post offices providing public Internet access points Population / Number of post offices providing public Internet access points ND ND

13 CYBER & E-COMMERCE LAWS

14 Cyber & e-commerce laws Law Botswana DRC Lesotho Mauritius Angola IPR, Intellectual Property Right Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Personal Data protection No No No Yes Yes Digital signature No No No Yes Yes Certification and cryptography No No No Yes Protection and enforcement of trademarks Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cyber security Yes No No Yes e-transaction, e-contracts No No No Yes Yes Electronic certification authority No No No Yes No Consumer Protection Law & Authority Yes Yes No Yes Yes Regional Harmonization No No No No No

15 TRADE & TRADE ISSUES

16 Angola Botswana Democratic Republic of Congo Trade & trade issues Lesotho Madagasca Malawi Mauritius Mozambiqu Namibia Seychelles Swaziland Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Val Max Angola Botswana Democratic Republic of Congo Zambia Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Zimbabwe Mauritius Madagasca Mozambique Namibia Seychelles Zimbabwe Swaziland Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Imports from SADC SADC Countries exports / imports Val MAX : Val MAX : Best Export Partner Best Import Partner Zimbabwe Botswana Angola Zimbabwe

17 Trade & trade issues SADC, & Europe exports shares 70% 60% 50% SADC Europe 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

18 Angola Botswana DRC Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Seychelles Swaziland Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe Trade & trade issues 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% SADC & COMESA exports shares SADC COMESA

19 SADC countries and other RECs Country SADC COMESA CEPGL ECCAS SACU Angola Y Y Botswana Y Y DRC Y Y Y Y Lesotho Y Y Madagascar Y Y Malawi Y Y Mauritius Y Y Mozambique Y Y Namibia Y Seychelles Y Y Y Y Swaziland Y Y Y Tanzania Y Zambia Y Y Zimbabwe Y Y

20 Trade & trade issues 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% SADC, COMESA & exports shares SADC COMESA

21 Trade & trade issues SACU: ern n Custom Union: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia,, Swaziland Oldest Custom Union in the World (1910) A single tariff and no customs duties between Member states: The Member States form a single customs territory in which tariffs and other barriers are eliminated on substantially all the trade between the Member States for products originating in these countries; There is a common external tariff that applies to nonmembers of SACU.

22 Trade & trade issues SACU: ern n Custom Union: Trade between SACU members is related to SACU and not to SADC: SACU rules of origin are easier to apply and softer than SADC rules of origin SACU is a Free Trade Area (no custom duties) SADC is not a Free Trade Area

23 Trade & trade issues SACU countries Exports 40% 35% SACU SADC 31% 35% 30% 25% 25% 20% 15% 12% 19% 17% 12% 10% 5% 0% 2% 1% 0% Botswana Lesotho Namibia Swaziland 62% 54% 70%

24 HUMAN RESOURCES

25 Human Resources Gross enrolment ratio Secondary Tertiary Adult litteracy rate

26 Human Resources Gross enrolment ratio Country Secondary Tertiary Adult litteracy rate Angola 14,5 9,4 72,7 Botswana 82,4 8,6 84,1 Congo (Dem. Rep.) 36,7 6,0 66,8 Lesotho N/A N/A N/A Malawi N/A N/A N/A Mauritius 87,2 30,5 87,9 Mozambique 25,5 2,7 55,1 Namibia 66,4 8,9 88,5 Seychelles 105,0 1,8 91,8 93,9 15,8 88,7 Swaziland 55,8 4,3 86,9 Tanzania 27,4 1,7 72,9 Zambia 45,5 2,4 70,9 Zimbabwe 41,0 2,3 91,9 SADC 42,97 6,53 68,99

27 Conslusion large gaps exist between the countries regarding figures and indicators values Lack of cyber and e-commerce laws : an opportunity for harmonization? Trade between SADC Countries not really related to SADC agreements but mainly to SACU and COMESA agreements which are easier to comply with and more flexible in terms of rules of origin

28 SADC E-COMMERCE ASSESMENT

29 SADC e-commerce assesment Countries with ICT strategy but without e- commerce component E-commerce practices: Foreign websites Import products at a better prices Import products not available in the country A need for touching and feeling the product before buying it

30 Implementation of a legal framework ICT & e-commerce laws Most of the SADC countries have yet to really develop the legal aspects of ICT and e-commerce Only Angola, Mauritius and have put in place a legislative framework for e-commerce Member countries have to adapt conventional consumer protection legislation to e-commerce by adding specific regulations

31 Implementation of a legal framework Personal data protection It is essential to take into consideration individual personal data and implement mechanisms and laws to protect it Only Mauritius and Angola have personal data protection laws Intellectual property All member countries have IPR, protection and enforcement of trademarks laws Legislations more related to the protection of the artistic and industrial outputs than to IT

32 Implementation of a legal framework Consumer protection Electronic commerce cannot thrive without a good consumer protection system A regulator authority is essential to arbitrate between the seller and the buyer

33 Implementation of a legal framework Existing consumer protection agencies (in most of the countries): Tend to consider e-commerce client as a conventional client Lack the capacities of what are the characteristics of an e-commerce transaction and how to solve specific issues: specific e-commerce issues what makes a cyber client different from a conventional client what would make an e-commerce transaction different from a conventional transaction

34 Implementation of a legal framework Implementation of payment and exchange systems Most of the SADC region countries have convertibility issues and lack of e-payment gateways. Non convertibility pl local currency make overseas purchases submitted to specific procedures involving the Central Bank These types of procedures may make it difficult to buy online as e-payment is not possible. Some countries of the region such as Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland, have specific agreements for currency exchange.

35 Implementation of a legal framework Implementation of payment and exchange systems Lack of e-payment platforms in most member countries: e-commerce websites resort to foreign e-payment platforms (Botswana merchant sites using n payment platforms) No control on what happens to the payments: using a foreign platform for e-payment means using a foreign bank account for payment. Need for an agreement for payment between the region countries

36 logistical environment/framework Logistics are vital for e-commerce to ensure delivery of sold goods Viable e-commerce platforms need guarantee that the logistics chain works perfectly and delivery deadlines are respected Goods delivery traceability is an essential element of the logistics chain.

37 logistical environment/framework Logistics state in the SADC Region is very heterogeneous from one country to the next: Some countries with well developed infrastructure covering most of the national territory Most countries with problematic mail and parcel distribution and postal coverage is poor Perspective more negative if we look at the existing logistics between countries: huge deficiency which may make any electronic commerce between these countries very difficult.

38 THANK YOU

Southern African Development Community (SADC) Grain Trade What does the data say?

15 October 2015 Southern African Development Community (SADC) Grain Trade What does the data say? Tinashe Kapuya (Agbiz Head: International Trade and Investment) and Wandile Sihlobo (Economist at Grain